初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題專講-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解及練習(xí)1

中考英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一、動(dòng)詞不定式的用法（要點(diǎn)1、結(jié)構(gòu)及特色：動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動(dòng)詞原形”有時(shí)能夠不帶to。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能夠作謂語(yǔ)，但能夠擔(dān)當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)外的任何成分一一主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，所以我們又稱之為非謂語(yǔ)形式。動(dòng)詞不定式仍保留動(dòng)詞的特色，即它能夠有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing不定式時(shí)態(tài)一般時(shí)態(tài)Ihopetoseeyouagain.有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作此后完成Iamsorrytohavemadesomanymistakes語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)詞前

，有時(shí)發(fā)生動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂進(jìn)行Heseemstobeeatingsomething表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生2、動(dòng)詞不定式的用法：動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特色，在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)例女口:ToleannEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytoleannEnglishwell.［說明］動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ),這類句型可歸納為下邊的句型：Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.當(dāng)形容詞表示事物的特色，特色或客觀形式，常有的形容詞有easy,hard,interestingItishardforhimtostudytwoIanguages.Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth形容詞表示性格,道德或表示主觀感情goodnicekindcleverItisveryniceofyoutohelpme.2作表語(yǔ)Mywishistobecomeateacher.be動(dòng)詞此后，形成表語(yǔ)，常用來表示預(yù)約要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用來表示將來的可能性和假設(shè)3作賓語(yǔ)只可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞askhopehelppromiselearnDoyouhopetogofishingwithme?既可接不定式也能夠接動(dòng)名詞rememberforgetlikeneedstoptrystartbeginpermitlove/goon/Istoptorun.我停下來開始跑Istoprunning.我停下來不跑了。it作形式賓語(yǔ)Doyouthinkitbettertosayitinthisway?4作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1不定式作賓補(bǔ)askteachallowinvitetellwantpreferordergetfeelhearthinkseeexpectencourageTheteachertoldhimnottobelatenexttime.2使役動(dòng)詞省略toletmakehaveShehadthestudentsworkouttheproblem.3Couldyouhelpme(toclosethewindow?5作定語(yǔ)Ihavealotofworktodo.表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Canyoubringmeachairtosit?Heneedssomeonetohelphimwithhiswork.6作狀語(yǔ)Hestoppedtohavealook.［說明］動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式:not+to+動(dòng)詞原形組成例女口:Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.3、不定式的否定形式:Tellhimnottoshutthewindow4、動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用：疑問詞who,what,which和疑問副詞when,where,how,why等后邊能夠按動(dòng)詞不定式，組成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，能夠在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。網(wǎng)如：（1）Hedoesn'tknowliowgu翌申巳mMEg.（不加式作K語(yǔ)）比方；（1）Hedoesn'tknowhowfous巳th巳machine（不疋成作賓語(yǔ)）比方t口）Hedoesn'tknowhowtous匕tlwmachine（不宜成作賓誦）比方：（1）Hedoesnlknoi1使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make:2感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,fine等后作賓補(bǔ),省略to。注意:在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to不能夠省卻。Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3wouldrather,hadbetter+do,wouldyouplease,ratherthan【難點(diǎn)】6不定式的特別句型：1tooto太而不能夠so/such+adj/adv+asto+v表結(jié)果Hisfatherwassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2enoughtodo足以做Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschooll.3Whynot+動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為:"為何不?Whynottakeaholiday?4soas(nottodo:inordertodoonlytodotodo表示目的DavidcametoChinatostudyChinese.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.5用作介詞的“to”okforwardto盼望;payattentionto注意;devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于;be/getusedto習(xí)慣等等。IC*TmH動(dòng)名詞的用法二、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式:形式主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone一般時(shí)態(tài)Doyoumindmysmokinghere?動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作此后或者兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成時(shí)態(tài)Iregretnothavingstudiedhard.動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作從前在下邊兩種句型中，只好用動(dòng)名詞There+be+no+動(dòng)名詞Thereisnogettingalongwithhim.Itis+nouse/good/fun/nice+動(dòng)名詞ItisnouselearningEnglishwithoutspeaking.只好夠接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞也許動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)dislikeadmitenjoydenymindmissriskfinishavoidconsiderexcusesuggestpracticebeworthkeeponcannothelpgiveupputoffleaveoffleadto比較：1共同點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)詞的-ing形式都被稱之為非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，所以它們一般都能夠放在句中除了謂語(yǔ)之外的其余地址。差別①動(dòng)詞不定式的基本含義是表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后邊的動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生，其他,若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后邊的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了也用不定式，而-ing分詞的基本含義一般則表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行②動(dòng)名詞的基本用法是該結(jié)構(gòu)用在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞此后組成動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)或介賓短3接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，意義同樣:begintodobegindoingstarttodostartdoingcontinuetodocontinuedoing4動(dòng)名詞與不定式語(yǔ)義不同樣：stoptodostopdoingforgettodoforgetdoingremembertodorememberdoingtrytodotrydoinggoontodogoondoingbeafraidtodobeafraiddoing分詞的用法現(xiàn)在分詞（doing/havingdone和過去分詞（done現(xiàn)在分詞的用法用作謂語(yǔ)的一部分，和助動(dòng)詞一起組成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)Whatareyoudoingnow?2.作定語(yǔ)1所修飾名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Theboystandinghereisoneofmyclassmates.2所修飾名詞的特色和性質(zhì)Donoreadinamovingcar.3.作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的特色和性質(zhì)Thestoryisinteresting.4.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（seewatchnoticehearfindgetkee等Weheardhersinginginherroom.3.過去分詞的用法過去分詞一般表示完成的也許被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作用作謂語(yǔ)的一部分，和助動(dòng)詞一起組成完成時(shí)態(tài)也許被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Wehavebeenfriendsformanyyears.Hislegwasbrokeninanaccident.2.作定語(yǔ)Thereisabrokencuponthetable.Thisisoneofthefactoriesbuiltinthe1960s.過去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)放在名詞前，過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)放在名詞后邊作表語(yǔ)Thecupisbroken.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Imusthavemybikerepaired.注意，現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞，形態(tài)上完整同樣，動(dòng)詞加上ing但是二者有一個(gè)實(shí)質(zhì)的差別，現(xiàn)在分詞起形容詞和副詞的作用，而動(dòng)名詞起名詞的作用。Thedancingboyisme.Ienjoydancing.三、【考點(diǎn)講解】1、考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作主語(yǔ)不定式或動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ)，而分詞不能夠擔(dān)當(dāng)句子中的主語(yǔ)。［考例】h'sverynice__________picturesforme［天津］ofyoutodrawforyoutodrawforyoudrawingofyoudrawing［答案］:Ao［剖析］考察lt's+形容詞+of/forsb.+todosth.句中it為形式主語(yǔ),todo是真切的主語(yǔ)，當(dāng)形容詞是表示質(zhì)量意思時(shí)，應(yīng)該用ofsb.,其余形容詞用forsb.,故此題答案為Ao2、考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作賓語(yǔ)【考例】一It'sabitcoldWouldyoumindmy_____allthewindows?Doasyoulike,please.［07淄博市］closeBwillcloseC.closingD.toclose［答案］C［剖析］動(dòng)詞mind意為介意”后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)使用ing形式。MaryandIenjoy____________badminton［07黔嶺東南州］toplayBplayingC.played［答案］B［剖析］enjoy后跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，即:enjoydoingsomething,意為--Sohotintheclassroom.Wouldyoumind___thewindows?OK」'IIdoitrightnow.［黃岡市］A.notclosingBnotopeningCclosingD.opening［答案］D［剖析］mind是中考的要點(diǎn)考察詞匯，此后跟v—ing表示介意”。---Mr.Wang,Ihavetrouble______thetext.一Remember___itthreetimesatleast威海市］A.tounderstand;readingBunderstanding;readingCunderstanding;toreadD.tounderstand;toreadatnight.［答案］C［剖析］havetroubledoingsomething意為做某事有困難”所以答案在B與C中。remembertodosomething意為記得（去做某事”,rememberdoingsomething意為記得做過某事”由對(duì)話的語(yǔ)境可知，前者正確。--Howareyoufeelinghere?【礙例】lthsverynice_________picturesfornne［天;聿］howwhenC.whetherD.where［答案］:C。［剖析］考察疑問詞是走仍是留下來。”應(yīng)選Co

+動(dòng)詞不定式”的用法。依據(jù)句意

我不知道【右例】Itsverynice_________picturesforme.［天津］for,toto,towith,for［答案］:Ao［剖析］考察主語(yǔ)+feel/think/make/find+it+adj.+forsb.+todosth.句中it為形式賓語(yǔ),todo是真切的賓語(yǔ)，”故此題答案為AoThemenuhassomanygoodthings!Icantdecide河北］whattoeathowtoeatwheretoeatwhentoeat*TIfQM［答案］:A

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［剖析］考察疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的用法。依據(jù)句意

我不能夠決定吃什么?！睉?yīng)選

Ao12.---MydadboughtmeanewMP4,butIdon'tknow---Let'sreadtheinstruction河南課改試驗(yàn)區(qū)］A.whattouseB.whichonetousehowtouseitwhentouseit［答案］:C。［剖析］考察疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的用法。依據(jù)句意我不知道怎樣使用?！睉?yīng)選Co13.lttookmydaughtertwoweeks________thenovels______byYandHongying.［濰坊］read;writtentoread;writtenreading;towritetoread;wrote［答案］:Bo［剖析］Ittakes+sb.+sometime+todosth表示花銷多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事,novel與write的關(guān)系是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞,表示被動(dòng)。故答案為B。Driversarewarned_______whentheyaretired佛山］todrivenotdrivenottodrive［答案］:Co［剖析］考察動(dòng)詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。否定形式是在to前面加not。應(yīng)選CIfyouwanttoknow_______themobilephone,you'dbetterreadtheinstructionsfirst.［大連］howtousehowtomakewheretomendwheretobuy［答案］:Ao［剖析］考察疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的用法。依據(jù)句意若是你想要知道怎樣使用手機(jī)的話，你最好先看一看說明書?！睉?yīng)選A。Chinawillspendabout52billionyuanofChinainthe11thFive-YearPlanperiod

___newairportsand__oldonesinthewest期間.［07臨沂市］repairing;buildingBtobuild;repairC.building;repairingD.torepair;build［答案］C［剖析］此題主若是考察動(dòng)詞spend的用法。spend...doingsomething意為花銷做某事”由此可消除B、D兩項(xiàng)。再?gòu)木湟馍峡矗瑧?yīng)是修建”新機(jī)場(chǎng)，維修”舊機(jī)場(chǎng)。3.___________________________________studentsshouldpayattentiontotheteacherinclass.［泰州市］hearB1istentoClisteningtoDhearingof［答案］C［剖析］此題考察了介詞后跟動(dòng)詞的狀況。payattentionto意為注意”其中to是介詞，所今后邊的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞形式。hearof意為聽聞”與句意不符。3、考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)原則上，全部的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式均可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，其差別是:不定式表將來，現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表完成和被動(dòng)【考例】Aliceaskedmeanotherbagforher.北京市課標(biāo)卷］getgottogetgetting［答案］：C。［剖析］asksb.todosth表示讓某人做某事，此句話的意思為：愛麗絲叫我給她再帶一個(gè)包?！監(jiān)urparentsoftentellusnotaloneintherive『insummer.swimtoswimswimming［答案］:B。［剖析］考察動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。tellsb.todosth表示告訴某人做某事，tell后邊要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not,依據(jù)題意，應(yīng)選B。---Whatdidyoursistersaytoyoulastnight?---Sheaskedme_________myfatherhersecre繩興］totellnotnottotellC.don'ttellD.nottell［答案］:Bo［剖析］tellsb.todosth.表示告訴某人做某事,tell后邊要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not,依據(jù)題意，應(yīng)選B。Bettyisoftenseen_____theoldmanwithhishousework咸寧］helptohelphelpedhelps［答案］:Bo［剖析］考察感官動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。在make,let,have等使役動(dòng)詞和see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,fee等感官動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式就成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的不定式一定加too應(yīng)選BoTimegoesbysofast.Wemustnevermissthechancetoshowloveforourparentsandmakethem__________________howmuchtheymeantous哈爾濱］toknowknowingknow［答案］:Co［剖析］考察動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。makesb.dosth表示使某人”應(yīng)選Co---HowdoyoufeelwhenyouseethenationalflagofChina?---Itmakesus_______proud.包頭］feeltofeelfeltfeeling［答案］:A0［剖析］考察感官動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。在make,let,have等使役動(dòng)詞和see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,fee等感官動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶tOo應(yīng)選A。4、考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作定語(yǔ)【屯例】一Shoppingwithme?—Sorry.Ihavealotofclothes__________.（2004江西省'南昌〕towashwashedwashtobewashed［答案］:A［命題立意］:此題考察動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)的用法。［試題剖析］:作定語(yǔ)用的不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句中主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，就用主動(dòng)式的不定式來表被動(dòng)意義。應(yīng)選A。5、考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作狀語(yǔ)【岳例】一Shoppingwithme?—Sorry.Ihavealotofclothes_________.（2004江西省南匕）buyboughttobuybuying［答案］：C。［剖析］考察不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)的用法。句意為：我們?nèi)ソ鼇淼某?jí)市場(chǎng)買些飲料。”Inorder________thewordafriendlyplace,onemustshowafriendlyface樂山］makesmakingtomakemake［答案］：C。［剖析］考察動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)的特別結(jié)構(gòu)。inordertodosth表示為”的意思，不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。應(yīng)選Co_______.福州市］一Theregoesthebel一It'stimeforclass.Let'sstoptalkBtotalkC.talkingD.nottalk［答案］C［剖析］動(dòng)詞stop后既可接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，即:stoptodosth也能夠接動(dòng)詞的一ing形式作定語(yǔ)，即:stopdoingsth。前者表示停下來（開始做后邊的動(dòng)作，后者表示停止當(dāng)前的動(dòng)作。由語(yǔ)境鈴響了，到了上課時(shí)間,應(yīng)停止講話”可知,應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)?！咎嵘}】選擇題。1.Thedoctorcame_____oureyes.toexamineforexaminingastoexamineexamining2.Ourteacheralwaysmakesus_______hard.toworkworkworkingworked_____ourclassroomonceaweekisnecessaryA.CleaningB.CleanC.CleanedD.Toclean_____isourduty______goodservicetocustomersA.That,togiveThis,givingIt,togiveIt,givingIttookyears_____thehighrise.A.forourbuildingB.forusinbuildingC.tobuildD.building6.Theirwishis____ahouseoftheirown.tohaveforhavinghaveofhaving7.Theteacheragreed_____us_____thetestpapershome.tolet,taketolet,totakeletting,takelet,take8.WhenhesawIwasinahurry,heoffered_______mehisbicycle.lendinglenttolendinlending9.Idon'tlike_____people_________abouttheirneighbours.hear,talkingtohear,talkingtohear,totalkhearing,talked10.Ihaven'tdecided______totakewhichtrainwhichtotakeatrainwhichtraintotakewhichtraintaken11.Youmustremember___meaphonecallassoonasyougetthere.A.givingB.togivegavegive12.ProfessorBrowntaughthisstudents__________Chinesefromthem.

English,andhelearnedhowtospeak,speakinghowtospeak,tospeakhowspeaking,speakinghowspeak,tospeak13.—Sorry,Iforgot_______youthatthepartywouldn'tbeheldtonight.—That'sallright.Maryhastoldmeaboutit.tellingItoldtoldtotellIwonder________himornot.A.ifinviteB.whethertoinviteCtoinviteD.iftoinviteIhope________yourself.A.youtomanageB.foryoutomanageC.youmanagingD.thatyoucanmanage16.—Wouldyoulike_______youthewaythere?三一教育知識(shí)點(diǎn)燃?jí)粝氤删托〕醺吒咝鄡?yōu)教育第一品牌一It'skindofyou.Thankyou.A.meshowingB.thatIshowC.meshowD.metoshow17.Theoldmansaidthathe'dpreferA.livingB.tolivealoneinthecountryratherthanlivewithhissoninthecity.D.forhimtoliveC.thathelives18.IknowAliceverywell.Ihaveseenherupfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow19.Sineenobodytoldher,shecametoourhelp.A.whatshedid20.B.todowhatC.whattodoD.whatshetodoMyauntshowedme____.B.howadressbemadeC.howmakingadressD.howadressmadeA.howtomakeadress21.Aftershefinishedtheexercisesinthetextbook,shetried________moreexercises______.A.tofind,todoB.finding,todoC.tofind,shedidD.finding,done22.ThepolicemantoldSmith______afterdrinking.A.tonotdriveB.notdrivingC.notdriveD.nottodrive23.Tomkeptquietabouthismistake___________losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto24.Patshouldlove_____littleJimtothetheatrethisevening.A.totake25.Weenjoy_A.runB.takingC.thathewouldtakeD.forhimtotakeverymuch,becauseitisgoodforourhealth.B.runningC.torunD.ran26.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.——Oh,Iforgot.A.turnitoffB.toturnitoffC.thatIturneditoffD.thatIshouldturnitoff27.Theywereverytiredandstopped______underabigtree.A.restingB.torestC.restD.thattheywouldrest—Notatall.D.iftelling28.—Wouldyoumindmetheanswertotheproblem?A.thatyoutellmeB.tellingC.totell29.Hepromised_____________adoctorformyson.A.metogetB.thathegotmeC.megettingD.methath