2021高考英語(yǔ)一輪統(tǒng)考復(fù)習(xí)第一編Book7Unit21HumanBiology課時(shí)作業(yè)含解析北師大版

PAGE9-Unit21HumanBiology課時(shí)作業(yè)Ⅰ.完形填空(2020·內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)奮斗中學(xué)高三月考)Whenfacedwithdifficultsituationsintheirlives,manypeoplefindthemtoo__1__andgiveup,especiallyontheirlifedreams.ButnotforGabrielHeredia.Gabrielisa20yearoldArgentinianbarberwhowasbornwithouthands.__2__hisphysicaldisability,hewasabletogrowuphappyand__3__.Healsoalwayshadthesupportoffriendsandfamily,neverfeeling__4__treatedatallbyhisschoolmates.Attheageof14,he__5__workingasabarber,andlearnedallthetechniquestoperfecthaircuts.Althoughhefirstsawitasahobby,Gabrielquickly__6__thatthiswastheprofessionhewantedtoworkin.Hisfamily__7__himtoopenhisfirstbarbershop,whichheworkedatforoneandahalfyears.There,he__8__thepresidentofArgentinaCorta,anorganizationforbarberstoconnect,docharityworkinlessfortunate__9__，andteachhairdressingtothosewhoare__10__.GabrielisnowpartofArgentinaCorta,offeringhisservicestopeopleofall__11__sotheycanbuildupthe__12__theyneedtogetdecentjobs.Asabrightandcaringyoungman,Gabriel__13__notonlytobeabarber,butalsotomakea__14__withtheneighborhood：“ThethingthatIlikemostofmy__15__isthatpeoplefeelcomfortableandstylishwithmycutsandthatmakesme__16__.”Nowadays,GabrielrunshisownbarbershopinBuenosAires,wherepeople__17__aroundtheblockforhisservices.Gabriel's__18__showsthatthebarrierswefaceinlifearenever__19__todealwithsuccessfully.Whateverproblemyouface,youcan__20__tackleitbyadoptingtherightmindset,andnevergivingup.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了Gabriel天生就沒(méi)有雙手，但他經(jīng)過(guò)努力成為一名理發(fā)師，并投入到慈善工作中。1.A.dangerous B．cruelC.large D．challenging答案：Ddangerous“危險(xiǎn)的”；cruel“殘忍的”；large“大的”；challenging“有挑戰(zhàn)性的”。根據(jù)句意可知，當(dāng)面對(duì)生活中的困難時(shí)，很多人認(rèn)為它太具挑戰(zhàn)性就放棄了，故D項(xiàng)正確。2.A.Except B．BesidesC.Despite D．Through答案：C下文提到他快樂(lè)地長(zhǎng)大，由此可知他并沒(méi)有受到身體缺陷的影響，despite“盡管”符合語(yǔ)境，故C項(xiàng)正確。3.A.independent B．honestC.wealthy D．careful答案：A根據(jù)下文提到他未被區(qū)別對(duì)待以及他能獨(dú)立工作可知，他獨(dú)立性很強(qiáng)，故A項(xiàng)正確。4.A.equally B．fairlyC.differently D．kindly答案：Cequally“平等地”；fairly“公平地”；differently“不同地”；kindly“友好地”。根據(jù)上文可知，他很樂(lè)觀，所以有了朋友和家人的支持，他從來(lái)沒(méi)感到自己被同學(xué)們區(qū)別對(duì)待，此處表示“不同地”，故C項(xiàng)正確。5.A.started B．continuedC.stopped D．imagined答案：A根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，14歲時(shí)，他開(kāi)始當(dāng)理發(fā)師，故A項(xiàng)正確。6.A.promised B．hopedC.determined D．predicted答案：Cpromise“承諾”；hope“希望”；determine“決定”；predict“預(yù)言”。他很快就決定這是他想要從事的職業(yè)，表示“決定”，故C項(xiàng)正確。7.A.advised B．forcedC.inspired D．helped答案：D上文提到他總是有家人和朋友的支持，所以在他決定做理發(fā)師的時(shí)候，他的家人就幫助他開(kāi)了第一家理發(fā)店，故D項(xiàng)正確。8.A.introduced B．metC.found D．influenced答案：B根據(jù)空前“There”可知，在理發(fā)店，他遇到了ArgentinaCorta的主席，指“遇到”，故B項(xiàng)正確。9.A.neighborhoods B．clubsC.schools D．organizations答案：AArgentinaCorta是一個(gè)幫助理發(fā)師建立聯(lián)系的組織，他們?cè)谏鐓^(qū)做慈善工作。下文“withtheneighborhood”給了提示，故A項(xiàng)正確。10.A.lucky B．puzzledC.interested D．intelligent答案：Clucky“幸運(yùn)的”；puzzled“困惑的”；interested“感興趣的”；intelligent“聰明的”。他們還教那些對(duì)理發(fā)感興趣的人理發(fā)技能，故C項(xiàng)正確。11.A.levels B．a(chǎn)bilitiesC.types D．a(chǎn)ges答案：DGabriel現(xiàn)在是ArgentinaCorta的一員，為各個(gè)年齡段的人服務(wù)，指“各年齡的人們”，故D項(xiàng)正確。12.A.images B．trustC.skills D．respect答案：Cimage“影像”；trust“信任”；skill“技能”；respect“尊敬”。根據(jù)上文可知，這個(gè)組織教一些理發(fā)技能，這樣，他們就能通過(guò)學(xué)到的技能獲得體面的工作，指“工作技能”，故C項(xiàng)正確。13.A.fails B．strugglesC.happens D．refuses答案：B結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，他不僅努力(struggle)做一名理發(fā)師，而且還與社區(qū)建立聯(lián)系，故B項(xiàng)正確。14.A.connection B．conversationC.debate D．bargain答案：Aconnection“聯(lián)系，連接”；conversation“談話”；debate“辯論”；bargain“交易”。他還與社區(qū)建立聯(lián)系，故A項(xiàng)正確。15.A.future B．shopC.dream D．job答案：D根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，他在談?wù)撍墓ぷ?。句意：?duì)我的工作，我最喜歡的一點(diǎn)是人們覺(jué)得我設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)型既舒適又時(shí)尚。故D項(xiàng)正確。16.A.special B．generousC.confident D．happy答案：D根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，他作為理發(fā)師主要讓人們舒適，讓自己快樂(lè)，故D項(xiàng)正確。17.A.turnup B．lineupC.endup D．packup答案：Bturnup“調(diào)高”；lineup“排隊(duì)”；endup“結(jié)束”；packup“整理”。人們?cè)贕abriel的理發(fā)店排隊(duì)等著他理發(fā)，故B項(xiàng)正確。18.A.story B．lessonC.decision D．choice答案：A根據(jù)整篇文章可知，本文在敘述Gabriel的故事，故A項(xiàng)正確。19.A.hard B．impossibleC.likely D．useless答案：Bhard“艱難的”；impossible“不可能的”；likely“可能的”；useless“無(wú)用的”。生活中沒(méi)有什么困難是不能解決的，故B項(xiàng)正確。20.A.almost B．usuallyC.hardly D．never答案：B無(wú)論面對(duì)什么問(wèn)題，你通常(usually)可以通過(guò)采取正確的心態(tài)，永不放棄來(lái)解決它，故B項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.閱讀理解A(2019·北大附中高考英語(yǔ)模擬試卷(3月份))You'veheardofthefatsuitandthepregnancysuit；nowmeetAGNES—theoldpersonsuit.AGNESstandsfor“AgeGainNowEmpathy(換位體驗(yàn))System”andwasdesignedbyresearchersatMIT'sAgeLabtoletyouknowwhatitfeelslike—physically—tobe75yearsold.“Thebusinessofoldagedemandsnewtools，”saidJosephCoughlin,directoroftheAgeLab.“Whilefocusgroupsandobservationsandsurveyscanhelpyouunderstandwhattheolderconsumerneedsandwants,youngmarketersnevergetthat‘Ahha！’momentofhavingdifficultyopeningajar,orgettinginandoutofacar.That'swhatAGNESprovides.”Coughlinandhisteamcarefullyadjustedthesuittomakethewearerjustasuncomfortableasanoldpersonwhohasspentalifetimeeatingpoorlyandnotdoingmuchexercise.Specialshoesprovideafeelingofimbalance,whilebracesonthekneesandelbowslimitjointmobility.Glovesgivethefeelingofdecreasedstrengthandmobilityinthehandsandwrists,andearplugsmakeitdifficulttohearhighpitchedsoundsandsofttones.Ahelmetwithstraps(帶)attachedtoitpressesthespine(脊柱),andmorestrapsattachedtotheshoesdecreasehamstringflexibility,andshortensthewearer'sstep.AGNEShasbeenusedmostrecentlybyagroupofstudentsworkingonadesignofan_updated_walker.Bywearingthesuittheycouldseeforthemselveswhatdesignandmaterialswouldmakethemostsenseforaphysicallylimitedolderperson.Coughlinsaidthesuithasalsobeenusedbyclothingcompanies,carcompaniesandretailgoodscompaniestohelpthemunderstandthelimitationsofanolderconsumer.“AGNESisnotthedestinyofeverybody，”hesaid.“Sheisabadlybehavedladywhodidn'teatandexerciseverywell.Asecondarybenefitwe'vefoundwithAGNESisthatithasbecomeapowerfultooltogetyoungerpeopletoinvestintheirlongtermhealth.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了AGNES這套服裝可以讓人感受年老以后的身體不適，從而更好地理解老年人，開(kāi)發(fā)適合老年人身體狀況的產(chǎn)品，還能促使年輕人保持身體健康。1.AGNEShasbeendevelopedto________.A.maketheusersmorecomfortableB.letusunderstandoldpeoplebetterC.helpoldpeoplemovemorequicklyD.producenewtoolsfortheoldagebusiness答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“l(fā)etyouknowwhatitfeelslike—physically—tobe75yearsold”可知，AGNES的功能是讓人們提前感受人老了以后的實(shí)際身體狀況，即能更好地理解老年人。故選B。2.Accordingtothearticle,youngmarketersnever________.A.feelthesamewayasoldpeopledoB.seetheeffortsoldpeoplemakeC.askwhatoldpeopleneedandwantD.say“Ahha！”whentheymeetwithdifficulty答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“youngmarketersnevergetthat‘Ahha！’momentofhavingdifficultyopeningajar,orgettinginandoutofacar”可知，年輕的銷(xiāo)售人員在生活中從未感受到老年人的難處。故選A。3.The3rdparagraphmainlytellsabout________.A.howtheAGNESwearerfeelsB.howAGNEShasbeendevelopedC.howoldpeopleactD.howAGNESworks答案：D段落大意題。第三段主要介紹AGNES這套服裝是如何讓人在具體部位有不舒服的感覺(jué)，感受老了以后的身體不適。故選D。4.“anupdatedwalker”(underlined)mostlikelyrefersto________.A.someonewhotravelsalotB.aphysicallylimitedoldpersonC.someequipmentthathelpsoldpeoplewalkD.acompanywhoseserviceinvolvesoldpeople答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Bywearingthesuittheycouldseeforthemselveswhatdesignandmaterialswouldmakethemostsenseforaphysicallylimitedolderperson.”可以看出，這些學(xué)生在研究一款新的walker，通過(guò)試穿AGNES，他們能夠切身感受老年人的身體情況，從而能夠確定什么樣的設(shè)計(jì)和材料才最為合適，可知畫(huà)線部分是指為老年人開(kāi)發(fā)的一種產(chǎn)品。故選C。5.Whichmaybeafactresultingfromthe“secondarybenefit”ofAGNES？A.Youngpeoplerespectoldpeople.B.Oldagebusinessimprovestheirservice.C.Oldpeopleeatandexercisewell.D.Youngpeopleeatandexercisewell.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Asecondarybenefitwe'vefoundwithAGNESisthatithasbecomeapowerfultooltogetyoungerpeopletoinvestintheirlong－termhealth.”可知，AGNES還能促使年輕人注意保持身體健康。故選D。B(2019·湖北名校沖刺二模)Highlevelsofchocolateconsumptionmightbeassociatedwithaonethirdreductionintheriskofdevelopingheartdisease,suggestsastudypublishedonlineintheBritishMedicalJournal.Thefindingsconfirmresultsofexistingstudiesthatgenerallyagreeonapotentialbeneficiallinkbetweenchocolateconsumptionandhearthealth.However,theauthorsstressthatfurtherstudiesareneededtotestwhetherchocolateactuallycausesthisreductionorifitcanbeexplainedbysomeotherunmeasuredfactor.TheWorldHealthOrganizationpredictsthatby2030,nearly23.6millionpeoplewilldiefromheartdisease.However,lifestyleanddietarekeyfactorsinpreventingheartdisease,saysthepaper.Anumberofrecentstudieshaveshownthateatingchocolatehasapositiveinfluenceonhumanhealth,whichincludesreducingbloodpressureandimprovinginsulinsensitivity.However,theevidenceabouthoweatingchocolateaffectsyourheartstillremainsunclear.So,DrOscarFrancoandcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofCambridgecarriedoutalargescalereviewoftheexistingevidencetoevaluatetheeffectsofeatingchocolateoncardiovascular(心血管)eventslikeheartattackandstroke.Theyanalyzedtheresultsofsevenstudies,involvingover100,000participantswithandwithoutexistingheartdisease.Foreachstudy,theycomparedthegroupwiththehighestchocolateconsumptionagainstthegroupwiththelowestconsumption.Fivestudiesreportedabeneficiallinkbetweenhigherlevelsofchocolateconsumptionandtheriskofcardiovascularevents.Theyfoundthatthe“highestlevelsofchocolateconsumptionwereassociatedwitha37%reductionincardiovasculardiseaseanda29%reductioninstrokecomparedwithlowestlevels.”Nosignificantreductionwasfoundinrelationtoheartfailure.Theauthorssaythefindingsneedtobeinterpretedwithcaution,inparticularbecausecommerciallyavailablechocolateisverycalorific(around500caloriesforevery100grams)andeatingtoomuchofitcouldleadtoweightgain,riskofdiabetesandheartdisease.However,theyconcludethatgiventhehealthbenefitsofeatingchocolate,initiativestoreducethecurrentfatandsugarcontentinmostchocolateproductsshouldbeexplored.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。一些研究表明吃巧克力有利于心臟的健康，但是吃巧克力對(duì)我們的心臟有著怎樣的影響仍然不能夠確定，還需要進(jìn)一步的研究來(lái)證明。6.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage？A.Thereusedtobestudiesaboutthebeneficiallinkbetweenchocolateconsumptionandhearthealth.B.Millionsofpeoplewilldiefromheartdiseaseby2030accordingtotheWHO.C.Therearestillotherfactorsthatmayreducetheriskofheartdisease.D.Thereisclearevidenceabouthoweatingchocolateaffectsyourheart.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“However,theevidenceabouthoweatingchocolateaffectsyourheartstillremainsunclear.”可知，關(guān)于吃巧克力如何影響你的心臟的證據(jù)仍不清楚，故選D。7.Whatarethepossiblecausesofheartdisease？A.Unhealthydiet. B．Eatingchocolate.C.Exercisingregularly. D．Drinkingcoffee.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“However,lifestyleanddietarekeyfactorsinpreventingheartdisease,saysthepaper.”可知，生活方式和飲食是預(yù)防心臟病的關(guān)鍵因素，即不健康的飲食是導(dǎo)致心臟疾病的一個(gè)原因，故選A。8.What'stheauthors'attitudetowardsthefindings？A.Doubtful. B．Cautious.C.Disapproving. D．Negative.答案：B推理判斷題。文章講述了一些研究表明吃巧克力有利于心臟的健康，但是吃巧克力對(duì)我們的心臟有著怎樣的影響仍然不能夠確定，還需要進(jìn)一步的研究來(lái)證明?？芍髡邔?duì)于巧克力的作用的態(tài)度是謹(jǐn)慎的，故選B。9.Iftheauthorwillgoonwriting,whatislikelytobetalkedabout？A.Weshouldeatlesschocolate.B.Chocolatebenefitsourhealth.C.Thewaystoreducethesugarandfatcontentinchocolateproducts.D.Whentoeatchocolateisbetterforourhealth.答案：C推理判斷題。最后一段講到他們得出的結(jié)論是，考慮到吃巧克力對(duì)健康的益處，應(yīng)該探索減少目前大多數(shù)巧克力產(chǎn)品中脂肪和糖的含量的舉措。由此可推知如果繼續(xù)寫(xiě)下一段應(yīng)該敘述減少巧克力產(chǎn)品中糖和脂肪含量的方法，故選C。Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)(2019·廣東省高三“六校聯(lián)盟”第一次聯(lián)考)WhenIwasyoung,IwasterriblypoorintheChinese.BeafraidofexpressingmyselfwasoneofthereasonswhyIrarelydidwellinschool.OnceIfailedinamidtermexam.WhenIgotthepapers,IrealizedthingscouldhavebeenbetterifIlistenedtotheteachermuchmoreattentive.SoIturnedtomyteacherforhelpsandhetoldme,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.IfwearedevotedtolearnChinese,you'llmakeit.”Icouldn'tagreemuch.Fromthenon,Ibegantoworkharder.Outofmyexpect,Imadegreatprogresssoon.Today,Chineseiswhichmystrengthlies.AndI'mgratefulformyChineseteacher.答案：WhenIwasyoung,Iwasterriblypoorineq\o(eq\o(the,＼),\s\do10(①))Chinese.eq\o(Be,\s\do10(②Being))afraidofexpressingmyselfwasoneofthereasonswhyIrarelydidwellinschool.OnceIfailedinamidtermexam.WhenIgotthepapers,IrealizedthingscouldhavebeenbetterifIeq\o(∧,\s\do10(③had))