2023年大學英語四級真題

2023年1２月大學英語四級真題PartIWriting(30minｕtes）Diｒｅctｉons:Ｆorthｉspａｒｔ，ｙoｕareaｌｌｏｗeｄ30ｍｉnｕtestｏwriteaｓhortessａyenｔｉｔledHowShｏｕldPａrｅnｔsHｅlpＣhildrentoＢeIｎdependｅnｔ？Yoｕshｏuldwrｉｔeaｔleａst1５0wordsfoｌｌowingtheoutlinｅgiｖenｂｅlｏw.1．目前不少父母為孩子包辦一切2.為了讓孩子獨立，父母應當……HowＳhｏuｌdParentsHｅlpＣhildrentoBeＩnｄｅpendent?..ＰartIIReaｄingCompreheｎsｉon（ＳｋｉｍmingandScａnｎiｎg)（15miｎuteｓ)Ｄirecｔions:Inthispart,ｙouｗｉｌlhａve1５minutestogoｏverthepａssａｇeｑuicklyandansweｒthequestionsonＡnｓwerＳheｅt1.Ｆｏrquｅstionｓ1－7，chｏｏｓethebｅstａnswｅrfroｍthefourｃhoiｃesmａrkeｄ［A],[Ｂ],[C］anｄ[D］.Ｆoｒqueｓtiｏnｓ8-１0,cｏmpletｅｔｈesentｅｎcｅswiththｅinforｍatｉongiveninthepaｓｓａge.ＡGｒaｓsｒootsReｍeｄyＭoｓtofusspendｏｕrlivｅssｅekｉngｔhenaturaｌworld.Totｈisenｄ,ｗewaｌｋthedog，playgolｆ，gｏｆishiｎg,sitiｎtｈｅｇardｅn，ｄｒinkoutｓiｄeraｔheｒthaｎiｎsidｅthｅpub,haveaｐicｎic,ｌiveintheｓubuｒｂs,goｔｏｔｈeseaｓiｄe,buｙawｅekｅndｐlaceintｈecouｎｔry.ThemｏstｐoｐｕlａrleiｓurｅactivityiｎBriｔaｉｎiｓgoingｆｏｒawalk．Andｗｈenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,tｈeyｄｏｎ’truntheｓｔreeｔs.Eｖｅｒyｏnｅofｔｈeminstｉnctivelyheadstｏｔheparkｏrtｈｅｒivｅr.Ｉtisｍyproｆoｕndｂelｉefthatnotonlyｄoweallneednａｔure,bｕtwｅallseeknaturｅ，whetｈerwekｎｏwwearedoiｎｇｓoornot.Buｔｄespitethiｓ,oｕrchｉldｒeｎareｇrｏwiｎguｐnａt(yī)ｕｒe-depｒｉｖeｄ(喪失）.IspｅntｍyboyhｏodcｌｉmbingtreesoｎStｒeathamComｍon，SｏutｈLondon.Ｔｈeｓedaｙs,childｒｅｎareｒobbｅdofthｅｓｅancｉentfreedoms,dｕｅｔopｒobleｍslikｅcｒｉme,tｒaffic,thelosｓｏｆthｅopeｎspａcesandoddnewｐerceptｉoｎsａbouｔｗhatiｓbeｓｔｆorｃhｉlｄren,thaｔistosay,tｈiｎgsthaｔcａnｂebｏugｈt,ratｈerthanthｉngsthａt(yī)caｎbefouｎd.Ｔhetruthｉｓｔobefoundelｓewhere.AｓtｕdyintheＵS:faｍｉlｉｅｓｈadｍｏvedtobetｔerhousiｎgaｎdtｈechiｌdrｅｎｗereaｓｓessedforADHD—attentionｄeficiｔｈyperａctivitydisorder(多動癥).Thｏｓewhｏseaccommodationhａdmoｒeｎaturalviewsshowedaｎimpｒovementof19%；ｔhoｓeｗhohadthesameｉmpｒoｖｅmenｔiｎmaterialsurroundingsbutnonｉｃevieｗimprｏvedjｕst4%.ＡｓtudｙｉnＳｗedenindicaｔedthatｋindeｒgartｅnchｉlｄｒeｎwhｏｃoｕｌdｐlａyiｎａｎａt(yī)uralｅnviroｎmｅｎthaｄｌｅssｉllnｅssandgrｅaｔerpｈysiｃalabilｉtythaｎchiｌdｒeｎusｅdonlytoanormalplaygrｏund.AＵＳstuｄysuggｅsｔedｔｈaｔwheｎaｓｃhoｏｌgａｖechildrenａcceｓｓtoａnaturaｌeｎｖiｒonmeｎt,acａｄemicｌｅveｌswererａｉsedａcrossthｅentｉrescｈool.Aｎotherｓｔudｙfouｎdthａt(yī)chilｄrｅｎｐlaydiｆｆeｒeｎtｌｙiｎａnａt(yī)urａｌenｖiｒｏnmｅnt.Inplaygrounｄs,ｃｈilｄrencreaｔeａｈieｒａrcｈy(等級)basｅｄonphysicａlａbｉliｔies,withthｅｔoughｏnesｔａkingthｅｌead．Butwhenagrａsｓyareawasｐlantedｗithbuｓｈes,thechiｌｄreｎgｏtmuchmoreｉntoｆanｔａｓｙplay，andthesｏcialｈierarchywａsnowbasedｏnimaｇｉｎaｔioｎａndcｒeaｔｉviｔy.Ｍostｂuｌｌying(恃強凌弱）isfounｄinschoolswhｅretｈereiｓatarｍac（柏油碎石）playgｒouｎd；ｔhｅleasｔbｕｌｌｙｉngisinaｎatｕraｌareaｔhatｔｈeｃhildrenareenｃoｕｒageｄtｏexplｏre.ＴhｉｓremｉndsmeunplｅasantlyoｆSunnyhiｌlＳchoｏｌButｃhｉｌdrenａｒefrequeｎtlｙｄisｃouragｅdｆｒoｍinvolvemenｔwitｈnaturalspaｃeｓ,forheaｌｔhａnｄsａfetyｒeasonｓ,forｆearthatｔｈeyｍｉｇhtgetdirｔyorthattheymigｈtcausｅdamagｅ.Sｏ，instead,tｈeｄaｍageiｓdoｎeｔoｔhechｉldｒenthemselvｅｓ:ｎottothｅirbｏdiesbutｔotheiｒｓｏuls.ＯneofthegｒｅａbｌemsoｆmoｄｅｒnchildhoodiｓADHD,nowｉnｃｒeaｓinglyandexpeｎｓｉvelｙtrｅatedwiｔhdrugs．Yeｔoneｓtｕdyaｆteranotheriｎdicａt(yī)esｔhatcｏntactｗiｔhｎａt(yī)uregiveshuｇebeneｆitstoAＤＨDｃhiｌdren．Hoｗever,ｗespendmonｅyoｎdrugsrａｔherｔhaｎongｒｅenｐlaces．Theｌifeｏfｏlｄpeｏｐｌeismeａsｕrablybetterwhenthｅyｈaveａcｃｅssｔoｎature.Theincreａｓingeｍphasisfortｈｅgｒowｉｎｇpopulatiｏnofoldpeopｌeisinｑｕalityratherｔhａnqｕantiｔyofｙeａｒs.Aｎｄsｔudｙafｔｅｒstudyfindｓｔhａt(yī)ａgaｒdenｉsthesinｇleｍｏstiｍportaｎｔthｉnｇinfindinｇthａt(yī)qｕalｉtｙ.Inwidｅrandmoredifficuｌtarｅasoflｉfｅ,ｔｈｅreｉｓeviｄencｅtｏindicaｔeｔhatnatuｒａｌsurｒoundiｎgsiｍproｖeallkindsoｆthingｓ.Evｅnproblｅmswiｔhcｒｉmeandaggｒeｓsivebehavioｕrarereduceｄwｈｅntheｒｅiｓcontａctwithｔhenatuｒａlworlｄ.DrWilliaｍBｉｒd,reｓeaｒcheｒｆromtheRoyaｌSocｉｅtyfｏrtｈeＰｒｏtectiｏnｏｆBirds,ｓtａt(yī)esｉnｈiｓstudｙ，“Anaｔuralenｖiroｎｍentcaｎｒeｄuｃeviｏlenｔbｅhavｉoｕrｂecaｕseitsrｅstoｒａt(yī)iveproｃesshelpsreｄuｃeangｅrandimpulsivebehaviｏur.”Wｉldplaｃesneｅdenｃouragｉngfortｈiｓrｅason,ｎomatterhｏｗｓmaｌltheircontributiｏn．Ｗｅｔenｄtoｌookonnaturｅcoｎsｅrvaｔionａｓsoｍekinｄoffavouｒｔhathuｍanbeｉngsaregrantingｔotｈenaturaｌworld．Thｅerｒorｈｅｒeisfaｒtoodeep:nｏtonlyｄｏhuｍanｓneｅdｎａｔｕrefｏrtheｍｓeｌves,bｕtthｅvｅryideａt(yī)hathumanityandthenaｔuｒalwoｒldａｒeseparabｌethingsiｓprofoundlydamａgｉng.Humanbｅｉnｇsａreaspeciesoｆmａmmaｌｓ(哺乳動物）．Ｆorsevenｍｉllioｎyearsthｅylｉveｄontheplanｅtaspartofｎaｔurｅ.Ouraｎｃeｓtrａlseｌｖeｓmiｓsｔhenａｔuｒalｗｏrldaｎdlongfoｒcoｎtactwitｈnon-humａnliｆe.Anyonｅｗhohasｐattｅdadog,stｒokｅdａcaｔ,sａt(yī)ｕnderatreｅｗiｔhａpintoｆbｅer,gｉvｅnｏrrecｅivedabｕnｃｈoffｌowersoｒｃhoｓentｏwaｌkthrｏughtheｐarkonaniｃeday，unｄerstａｎｄstｈat.Weneedｔｈewilｄworld.Itiｓessentialtoourｗｅll-beｉng,ouｒhｅaｌｔh,ourhapｐinｅss.Wｉｔhoｕtｔｈｅwilｄwｏrldwearenotmoreｂutlesscｉvilised.Withoutotｈｅrliviｎgｔhｉngsarouｎduswｅarelesｓtｈanhuman．FivewaystofiｎdhａrｍonywiｔhtｈenaｔuｒalｗorlｄＷalk：Ｂreａkthｅrhｙthmofｐｅrmanentlybeｉｎgｕnｄeraｒoof.Getoｆfａｓｔopｅarliｅｒ,makｅacｉrcuitoｆthｅpａrkａt(yī)ｌuｎchtime,walktheｃｈildtoandfｒomｓchoｏl,getadog,fｅelyoｕrselｆｍovinｇinmoviｎgair，looｋ,ｌisｔen，absorｂ.Ｓｉt:Tａkｅaｍｏｍent,eｖerynｏｗandthｅn,tobｅstｉｌlｉnanopｅｎspaｃｅ．Intｈegardｅn,ａnyｗhereｔhat’ｓnotinｔheofｆice，aｎｙwheｒeoｕｔoftｈehｏusｅ,awaｙfromtｈerｏutine.Sｉtｕnderａt(yī)rｅｅ,ｌｏokatwａt(yī)er,fｅelｒefreshｅd,eversoslightlyrenｅwｅd.Ｄrｉnｋ：Thebestwaytｏｅｎjoythenatｕｒａlworldｉsｂyyｏurｓelf;thesecondbestwayisiｎcｏｍpaｎｙ．Taｋeａｄrinｋoｕtsideｗｉthａｇooｄpｅｒson,ａgoodgａt(yī)hering:taｌｋｗｉththeｓunａndthｅwindｗithbｉｒｄsongfｏｒbackgrｏund.Learn：Eｘｐandｙｏurboundariｅs．Learnfiveｓpｅciesofｂird，fivebutterflieｓ,fiｖetreｅs,ｆiｖebｉrdｓongs．Tｈatwaｙ,yousｅｅａndｈearmoｒe:andyouｒｍｉｎdrespｏnｄｓgrateｆｕｌlytothegreatｅramounｔofｗiｌdnｅｓsiｎｙoｕrliｆe.Tｒavｅl:Ｔheplaｃesｙｏｕalwaysｗanｔedtoｖisit:ｂytｈeseaｓiｄe,ｉnｔｈecｏｕntry，ｉnthehｉlｌs.Tａkeaweekendbｒeak,aｄａy-ｔrip,getｏuttｈｅrｅaｎdｄoiｔ：ｆortheｓceneｒy,foｒtheｗaytｈrougｈthewooｄｓ,forthｅbirｄs，fｏrthebees.Ｇoｓoｍｅwｈeresｐecialandｂriｎgspeｃialnesshome.Itlastｓfｏrever，aｆteralｌ.注意:此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。1.Ｗhatistheａutｈor’ｓｐrofoundbeｌief？[A]Ｐeｏpleinstinctiｖelｙseeｋnatｕreindiｆfeｒenｔwaｙs.[Ｂ]Peｏpleshoｕｌdspeｎdmｏsｔoｆｔheｉrｌｉvｅsinｔhｅｗild.[C]Pｅopleｈaveｑuｉtedｉｆｆerentpercｅptionsofｎature.［D]Peoplｅmuｓｔmakemoreeffoｒｔｓtoｓtudynature．2.Whaｔdoestheauthoｒsayｐeoplepｒeferfoｒtｈeirｃhilｄrｅnnｏwadａys？[A]Perｓonalｆreedom.[Ｂ]Thinｇsthataｒenaｔｕｒａl．[Ｃ]Uｒbａnsuｒｒoundinｇs.[Ｄ]Tｈingｓthatarepurｃhaｓed.3.ＷhatｄoｅsastudyiｎＳｗedeｎshｏｗ?[A]Thｅnaｔｕｒaleｎvironmｅnｔcａnhelpchｉldrｅｎleａrnbeｔtｅｒ.[B]Morｅaccesstｏnatｕrｅmakeschｉｌｄｒeｎlessｌiｋｅlytｏfaｌlill.[C]Ａgoｏdpｌaygroｕnｄhelpskidｓdeveｌoptｈeｉｒｐhysｉcaｌaｂiｌiｔies．［D]NatｕralｖiewscａnprevenｔchildrｅnfrｏmdevｅlｏpingＡDＨD．４.Childreｎwhｏhavecｈａncｅstoｅxｐｌorｅｎaturａlareas＿_＿___＿_.[A]teｎdtodevelopastronｇloveforscience[B]aｒemorelｉkeｌytofantasiseaｂoｕtwildlｉfｅ[C]tｅndｔobｅphysiｃallytouｇhｅrinadulthood[D］ａreｌｅsslｉｋｅｌｙtｏbeinｖｏｌveｄｉｎｂｕｌlｙing5．Wｈａt(yī)doｅsｔheauthorｓuggesｔｗｅdotoheｌｐｃhiｌdrenｗithADＨD?［A]Findmoreｅffeｃtiveｄrugsfoｒthem.［B]Ｐｒoviｄeｍｏreｇreｅnspａcesfｏｒtheｍ.［Ｃ]Ｐl(wèi)acethｅmｕnderｍorepｅrｓｏnaｌｃaｒe．［D］Engagetｈeminｍoreｍeanｉngfulaｃtiｖｉｔies.6.Iｎwｈatwaydoeldｅrlypeｏｐｌebenefitfromtheircontａｃｔwｉthｎａt(yī)uｒe?[Ａ］Ｔheyloｏkonlifeｏｐtiｍiｓtically.[C］Tｈeyareabｌetolｉｖeｌoｎgeｒ.［B]Tｈeyeｎjoyalｉfeofbｅttｅｒｑuａｌity.［D]Theyｂecｏmegｏoｄ-humourｅd.７.DｒWｉlliaｍＢirdｓuggestｓiｎhiｓstｕｄytｈat____＿_＿_.[A]humanityandnatureaｒｅｃomplｅmenｔarｙtoeaｃhothｅｒ[B]wildｐｌａcesmayｉｎｄuceimｐulsivebehaviｏuriｎｐeｏple[C]aｃｃｅsstonatｕrｅcoｎtribuｔestothｅreｄuctionｏfviolence[D]itｔakesａloｎgtimetoｒeｓtoｒeｎatureoｎcedａmaged８.Itiｓextrｅmelyharmfultothiｎkthaｔhuｍaniｔyandthenａt(yī)uralｗorldcaｎbｅ＿＿___＿＿__＿＿＿＿___＿＿______.9.Theaｕthｏrbｅｌiｅｖｅｓthａt(yī)wｅwoｕldnotbesociviｌisｅdｗｉｔhouｔ＿___＿＿___________＿＿＿___＿．１０.Thｅfivesuggestionsｔheａuthorgiｖeｓａt(yī)theｅndofthepassageａremeａｎtｔoencouraｇepeopletｏsｅeｋ______＿_＿＿____＿__withtｈenatｕｒaｌwｏｒld.ParｔIＩIＬistenｉngComｐreｈｅｎsｉｏn(35ｍinutｅs）ＳｅctioｎADirectioｎs:Inｔｈｉssｅctiｏn，youwｉllhｅar8shortconverｓaｔionsand2loｎｇｃoｎｖersatiｏns.Aｔtｈeendofeａchcｏnversａt(yī)ion,oneormoｒequｅｓtionｓwillbｅａskｅdabｏutｗhatwａｓsaid.Botｈｔheconversaｔionandthequeｓｔｉonswilｌbｅsｐokｅｎonlｙｏnｃe.Aftｅreａchｑｕｅｓtiｏnｔｈｅｒewillbeapauｓe.Dｕrｉngｔｈeｐaｕse,yoｕmｕstreadthefourｃｈｏicesｍａrｋed[Ａ],[B]，[C]aｎｄ[Ｄ],anddecｉdeｗｈicｈistｈeｂestaｎsｗer.TｈｅnmarktｈecｏrrespｏndiｎｇleｔterｏnAnswerSheet2ｗitｈａsｉngleliｎeｔhｒougｈthecenｔre.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡２上作答。11.［A]Ｔhemanｓhouｌｄvｉsiｔｔheｍuseums.[C]Tｈeｂeachrｅｓorｔｉsaｇｏｏdchｏicｅ.[B]Shecaｎ’ｔstanｄｔｈehｏtweather.[D］SｈeenｊoysｓtａｙinginWａshington．12.［A]Hernewreｓponsｉbilitｉeｓiｎthecｏmpａny.[Ｂ］Whatheｒjoｂprospectsａre.［Ｃ]Whａｔｔhｅcustomerｓ’ｆeeｄbackis.[D]Tｈedirｅｃtｏr’sopinｉｏnofherwork.13.[A]Combｉnｅｈｅｒtｒaｉnｉｎgwithdietｉｎg.[B]Repeatｔhetｒａiningｅverytｈreｅｄaｙｓ.[C]Avoｉdexcessivｅpｈysicaｌtraiｎｉｎg.[D]Ｉnｃｌudeweigｈtｌiｆｔingiｎthepｒoｇraｍ.14．[A］Whenshewilｌrｅｔｕｒnｈomｅ.[B］Wｈethersｈｅｃａｎｇobyherself．[C]Whethｅrsｈeｃantrａｖelbyａir．［D]Whenshewillcompｌetelyrecovｅｒ.15.[A］Ｔheｗｏmａｎｋnowｓhｏｗtoｄealwitｈthepolice．[B]Thewomanhaｄbeｅｎfｉneｄmanytimesbeforｅ.[C]Ｔheｗomａｎhadviｏlaｔｅdtraｆｆicreguｌatｉｏnｓ.[Ｄ]Thewｏmaｎｉsｇｏodatfiｎｄingｅxｃｕsｅｓ．16.[A］Switcｈoffthｅrefｒigeraｔｏrforawhｉｌe.[B]Haｖｅsomeｏnerepａiｒtheｒｅｆｒigeratoｒ.[Ｃ]Asktｈemantofixthereｆrigerator．[D］Ｂuyaｒｅfｒigeｒatorofｂetterｑuａlｉtｙ.17.[Ａ]Heoｗnsaｐieceｏｆｌａndinｔhedowｎtownarｅa.[B]Ｈeｈaｓgｏtｅnoughmｏｎeytｏbuyahousｅ.[Ｃ]Heｃaｎfinalｌydowhathehaｓdreaｍｅdof.[Ｄ]Heismoviｎoaｂｉggerapartｍenｔ.１8.[A]Ｓheｉｓｂｌａckａｎｄｂlｕeaｌｌover.[B］Shehastoｇotｏseeadoｃtｏr.[C］Shestayeｄaｗａyfｒoｍｗｏrkforafｅｗｄayｓ．[D]Shegothurtiｎanaccidentyestｅrday.Quｅｓtiｏns1９to21areｂaseｄoｎｔhecｏnverｓatｉonyｏuhavejustｈeaｒｄ.1９.[A]Sheｗasabanｋmanａgｅr.［B］Shewａsａvictiｍｏｆtｈerobberｙ.[C］Shｅwasaｄefencｅlａｗyeｒ.［D]Shｅｗａsawitnessｔothecｒｉｍｅ.20.[A]Ａtａlｌｍaｎｗithdarkhａiｒandamousｔache.[B]Ayouthwiｔｈａdistinｇuiｓhingmarkｏnhisfaｃe.[C]Atｈirty-year-olｄgｕyweａｒinｇａｌightsｗeaｔeｒ.[D]Ａmediuｍ-sizeｄyoungmａｎcarｒyingagｕn.21.[A]Identiｆythesｕsｐｅctｆrompictures．[C］Ｈaｖeherphototakenｆorｔｈeirfｉlｅs.[Ｂ]Goupstaｉrｓｔosignｓｏmeｄocuｍｅnt．[D]Verifｙtｈeｒecoｒdｏｆwｈatshehaｄsaid.Questions２2to２５arｅｂａｓedoｎtheｃonｖersａt(yī)iｏnyｏuhavejuｓtheａrd．22.[A]Ｂyrｅadｉｎgaｎewｓpapeｒａd．[C]Bylistｅningtoｔｈemorningnｅws.[Ｂ]BysｅeｉｎgacoｍmercialonTＶ．[D］Bycallinｇaｎｅmplｏymentsｅｒｖiｃe.23.[A］Ｓhecouｌdimpｒovｅherforeigｎlaｎｇuages．[Ｂ]Ｓheｃouldworkcｌosｅｔoherfaｍilｙ．[C]Shecoｕoverｓeａｓfrequenｔly.［D］Sheｃouldｕsehｅrprevioｕseｘｐerｉeｎces.２4.[Ａ]Takingmanagemenｔcourｓｅs.[C]Workinｇasasecｒｅtａrｙ.［B]TeachiｎｇEｎgｌishatauｎiｖｅrsiｔy．［D]StudｙingforaｄｅｇreｅｉnFrencｈ.25.［A]Ｐrepareｆｏranintervｉeｗｉｎacouplｅoｆdays.［B］Readtｈｅadvｅrtisemｅntagainfoｒmorｅdetaiｌs.［C］Senｄinawｒｉttｅnapplicａt(yī)ionassoｏｎaｓpｏsｓｉble.［Ｄ］Gettoｋnowthecａｎdidａt(yī)eｓontheｓhｏrｔlｉｓt.SeｃtｉonＢDｉrｅcｔions：Intｈiｓsｅctiｏｎ,yｏuwiｌｌheａr3ｓhorｔｐasｓages.Atｔheendofｅachpａssａｇe，yoｕwｉllhｅａｒｓomequestiｏns.Boththｅpassaｇeandtｈｅｑｕestioｎswillbespoｋeｎonlyonce．Ａfｔeryｏｕhearaqｕesｔiｏｎ,yｏuｍusｔchoosｅｔheｂesｔaｎswerfｒoｍthｅfｏurchoｉcｅsｍarｋｅd[A],[Ｂ],[Ｃ]ａｎd[D］.ThｅnｍaｒkthｅcｏrｒesｐoｎdiｎglｅｔｔeronＡｎsweｒＳheｅt２witｈasinglｅlinetｈroughtｈeｃｅｎtre.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡２上作答。ＰａｓｓａgeＯneQuestｉons26to２9ａｒebａsｅdontｈｅpassaｇｅyouhavejｕstheａｒd.2６．[A］Ｔheｙｃannotseｅthefiｒeｆｉgｈteｒsbeｃａuｓｅofthesmoke.[B］Ｔheyｄoｎotｒeaｌiｚetheｄａｎgertheｙarｅin.[Ｃ]Thｅycannotｈｅａrthefiｒeｆigｈterｓfｏrthｅｎｏｉｓe．[D]Ｔｈeｙmistａｋeｔhefirefｉghterｓforｍｏnsｔeｒs.２7.［A]ＨeｔravｅlsalｌoｖｅrAｍericatｏheｌppuｔoｕtｆiｒeｓ.[B］Ｈeoftenteacheschildrｅnｗhａt(yī)tododuringafire.［Ｃ］HeteａcｈｅsSpaniｓhiｎaSanFrancｉｍunity.[D]Hepｒｏｖｉdeｓoxｙgｅnｍaskstoｃhｉｌｄrenfｒeeofｃharge.28.[A]Hｅｓaｖeｄthｅliｆeofhｉsbrothｅrchｏkｉngoｎfood.[B]Heresｃuｅdaｓtudeｎｔfromabiｇfirｅ．[C］Hｅisverｙgoｏdaｔpｕbｌicspeakｉｎg．[D］Hｅｇiｖeｓinｆormativeｔａlkstoyoungｃhｉｌｄｒeｎ.2９.[A]ＦｉrｅfｉｇhtersplａyaｎimpｏｒtantroｌeinAmeriｃa.[B]Kidsshｏｕlｄleａrnnottobeａfrａidofmonｓtｅrｓ．［C]Ｃareleｓsnesｓcaｎｒesｕltintrageｄieｓ.[Ｄ]Informativespeｅchesｃaｎｓａvelives.PaｓｓageTwoQuestｉoｎs30to３2areｂａsｅdonｔhepasｓaｇｅyouhaveｊustheaｒd.3０.［A]Tosaｔisｆytｈｅnｅedsoｆtheｉｒfaｍily．[B］Tofｕllyreaｌizetheｉrpｏｔeｎtiaｌ．[C］Tomakｅmoneyforeaｒlｙｒｅtirｅment.[Ｄ]Togａｉｎaｓｅnsｅｏftｈeirpersonalｗorth.３1.[A]Tｈeymａyhaveｔoｃontｉnuetowoｒkiｎｏｌdａge.[B]Thｅｙｍａyregrｅtthetimeｔheywａsted．[C］Theymayｈａｖenoｂｏｄyｔodeｐｅndoniｎtｈefuture.[Ｄ]Ｔｈeymayhavefeｗerｊobopportuniｔｉes.32.［A］Ｍaｋｉｎgwｉsｅuseofyourtimｅ.[B]Ｅnjｏyiｎgｙｏｕrseｌｆwhilｅyoucan.［C］Saｖinｇasmuchasyouｃan.［Ｄ]Workｉnｇhａrdａndplayiｎghard．PａsｓageThreｅQueｓtionｓ33to35aｒｅbasedoｎｔｈepassagｅyoｕhaveｊusｔhｅarｄ．３3.[A］Hardｗorkingｓtｕdｅntｓbeｉngaccuｓedofcheatinｇ.[B]Boyｓtｕdｅｎｔsｂｅｉｎｇｏftｅntrｅateｄaslａw-ｂreakeｒs.［C]Innoｃｅntｐｅoplebｅｉnｇｓuｓpectedgｒoundｌesｓｌy.[D］Jｕnioremｐloyeesbeiｎgmadｅtoworkｏｖerｔｉmｅ.3４.[A]Forbiｄdingstudentstｏｔａkefoodoutofthｅreｓtａｕraｎt.[B]Requestｉngｃusｔomｅｒｓｔopａybeforetakｉngtｈｅｆoｏd．[C]Aｓkingcｕsｔｏmerｓtoleavetｈeirbａgsｏnthecouｎterｓ.[D］Allowingonlytwostudentsｔｏenｔｅrａt(yī)aｔｉme.３5.［A]Heｗastakｅnｔothｅｍanａgeｒ.[C]Hewａsaｓｋedｔｏｌeave．[B］Hewasclosｅlyｗatcheｄ.[Ｄ]Hewasoｖercｈargeｄ.ＳectioｎＣDireｃtｉｏns:Inthｉsseｃtion,youｗillhｅarapassａgethreetiｍeｓ.Ｗhenthｅpasｓageｉｓｒeａdforthefirsttime，yoｕsｈouldlistencａrefulｌyｆｏritsgeｎeraliｄea.Wheｎｔhepassａgｅiｓreaｄfｏrthesecｏndtime,yｏuarerequireｄtｏｆｉlliｎｔhebｌａnksnumberｅｄfrom36to43ｗｉththeｅxactwｏrdsyouhavejuｓｔheard.Fｏrblanksｎｕmberedfrom44to４6youａreｒeｑuiredｔofｉllｉnｔｈｅmissingiｎformation.Fｏrtheseblaｎｋs,yoｕcanｅitheruｓetheｅxaｃtｗｏｒdｓyouhａvejusｔhｅardorwriteｄowntｈｅmainpoiｎtsiｎｙoｕroｗnwoｒds．Finallｙ，whenthｅpａｓｓageiｓreadforｔhethirdtimｅ，yｏuｓhoｕldcheｃkwｈatｙouhaｖｅwritteｎ.注意：此部分試題在答題卡2上作答。Ｗritｉｎgkｅepｓuｓｉｎtouchwiｔhｏtherpｅople.Wewritetｏcommunｉｃａｔewｉthrｅｌatiｖesandfrｉｅndｓ．Ｗeｗriteto（36)＿____＿__＿__＿_ｏurfaｍilyhistｏriessoouｒchｉldrenａndgrａndcｈiｌdｒencanlearnand(３7)__＿___＿_＿___＿thｅｉrherｉtａge(傳統(tǒng)）.WithｃoｍputersandInterｎetｃonnecｔionsinｓoｍany(3８)___＿________＿,collｅges，buｓiness,peoplee-mailingfriendsandrｅlaｔiｖesallｔheｔiｍe—ortalkingtotheminwritinginonliｎe(39)__＿＿____＿____ｒooms．Itiｓcheａpｅｒtｈａncallinglonｇｄistａnce,andａlｏtmore（４0)＿_____＿______thａnwaitinguntｉlSuｎdaｙfｏrthｅｔｅｌepｈｏne(41)＿____________todrop.Stuｄentｓaｒｅe-mａiliｎgｔheｉrprofｅssorsto（42)___＿_＿__＿____aｎｄdｉｓｃｕsstheirｃlaｓsｒooｍaｓｓｉｇnmentｓａnｄto（43）__＿__________thｅm.Theyaree－mailingclassｍatｅstodｉｓcusｓanｄcollaborａt(yī)e（合作)oｎｈｏmeｗork.（44)__________＿____＿__＿＿__＿_____＿___________________＿____＿__＿_．Dｅsｐiｔｅtｈeｇrowinｇiｍｐortａnｃeofcoｍpｕｔers,ｈowever,thereｗillalwaｙsbeａplacｅａndneedｆoｒtｈeｐｅrsonalletteｒ.(45)＿_______＿＿___＿________＿____＿＿__＿＿__＿_________＿____＿_.Nｏmatterwhattｈｅｃonteｎtofthｅmessage,itsrｅalｐoinｔiｓ,“IｗａntｙｏuｔoknoｗｔhatＩcareaboutyou.”(４6)_＿__＿_＿＿__＿____＿＿___＿_________＿＿＿_______＿____＿_＿_______________＿＿_＿_,ｂuｔonlyinｔhｅｓuccessofhuｍaｎrelａｔｉoｎsｈips．PartⅣReａdingCｏmpｒeｈensiｏn(ReａdingｉnDeｐtｈ）(2５minutｅs)SeｃtioｎADirectｉons:Iｎthiｓsecｔion,therｅisaｐasｓaｇewithtenblanks.Yｏuareｒequirｅｄtosｅlectonewordｆoreachblankfｒomaｌistoｆchoicesgiveniｎawｏrｄbanｋfolloｗiｎgtｈｅpaｓsaｇe.Reａｄthepaｓsagethｒouｇhcarefullybefoｒeｍaｋｉnｇyourｃｈｏiｃes．Eachchoicｅinthebankisidenｔifiedbyａletｔer.PｌｅａｓeｍarkthecorresｐoｎdingletｔｅrfｏrｅａｃhiｔemｏnＡｎｓwｅrSｈeet2witｈaｓｉnｇlelinethrouｇhｔhｅｃentre．Yｏumaynｏtuseaｎｙｏftｈewoｒｄsiｎｔｈｅｂankmorethanoｎｃe.Ｑuestionｓ4７ｔo56arebａｓedontheｆoｌlowingpａssaｇe.Ｗｈaｔdeterminｅsｔheｋindofｐersonyouａre？Ｗｈａt(yī)ｆactorｓmakeyoｕｍoreｏｒlesｓbｏld,ｉnｔｅlliｇｅnｔ,ｏraｂletoreadamａp?Alｌoftｈeseareinfluｅncｅdbythｅinteracｔｉonｏfyｏｕrgeneｓandtｈeenvironmentｉnｗhichyoｕｗeｒｅ４7.Tｈestｕdyofhowgenｅsandenviｒonｍentｉnteｒaｃttoinfｌuｅｎce４8activityisknｏwｎasbeｈａvｉoralｇｅneｔics．Behavioｒａlｇeneticshａｓmａdeimportａnt４９tｏtｈebｉologicalｒevolｕｔioｎ,ｐｒoｖidinginｆormａt(yī)ioｎaｂｏｕttheextenttoｗhiｃhbｉologyinflueｎcesｍind,braｉnａｎdbehａvior．Ａｎyreｓeａrchｔhatsuggeststhaｔ50toperformcｅrｔａｉnbｅｈavｉoｒsarｅbasｅｄinbiｏloｇｙisｃontroｖerｓial.Wｈowａntsｔoｂｅtoldｔhａt(yī)thereaｒｅlimitａt(yī)ionstowhatｙoｕcan５1ｂaｓeｄonｓoｍｅthｉngthａt(yī)ｉｓｂeyoｎｄyouｒcontｒol，sucｈａsyｏurgenes?Iｔｉseasytoａｃceｐtthatｇenｅｓcontrolpｈｙsiｃalcharacteｒiｓticｓsuchasseｘ,raceandeyecoｌｏｒ.Ｂｕtcangｅnesalsoｄetｅｒminｅwｈｅthｅrpeoｐｌｅwillgetｄivoｒｃｅd，how5２theyare,ｏｒwhatcａreertheyaｒelikeｌｙｔocｈｏose?Aconceｒnｏfpsychologicalscientistsistｈe53ｔoｗhichallｏfthｅsecharａcteristicsaｒeinfｌuｅｎｃeｄｂynaｔureａｎdnｕｒture（養(yǎng)育),ｂygeneticmakｅｕpaｎｄthｅenvironｍeｎｔ.Increａｓiｎglｙ,sciｅnce54ｔhatgｅｎeslａytｈeｇrｏｕｎdworkｆormａｎyｈuｍaｎtｒａits.Frｏmthisperｓpeｃtive,peｏｐlｅarｅｂorn55likｅunｄevｅｌopedｐhoｔograpｈs:Theｉmageｉｓaｌreadycaptureｄ,buｔｔhｅwayit56apｐeａrscanvａrｙｂasedontheｄｅvelｏｐmentprｏcesｓ.Howeveｒ,theｂasiｃpictureistherefromthebeｇｉnninｇ.注意:此部分試題請在答題卡２上作答。［A］abｉlities［I]exｔｅnｔ[B]achievｅ[Ｊ]indiｃateｓ[C]apｐｅal［Ｋ]ｐｒoceｅds[D]coｍplaints[L]psyｃｈｏlogicａl［Ｅ]ｃｏntribuｔions[M］raｉsed［F]ｄiｓｐlaｙed[Ｎ]sｍart[G]ｅｓsentiallｙ[O]sｔanｄａｒｄ[H]eｖenｔｕallySecｔiｏnBDirｅctｉoｎs:Ｔhｅｒeａｒe2passaｇｅsinthｉｓｓeｃｔｉon．Eａｃhｐassaｇeiｓｆolloweｄbysoｍequｅstiｏｎsorunfiｎisheｄstatemｅnｔs．Foｒeachoftｈemtｈereａｒefｏｕrｃhoiｃesmaｒkeｄ[A],［B],[C]and[D].YouｓhouｌｄdｅciｄeｏｎthebesｔcｈoicｅandmａrkthecｏrrespｏndingletｔerｏｎＡnｓwerSheeｔ2ｗithasinｇlelinethrouｇhtheｃentｒe.ＰassageOnｅＱuestiｏns5７to61arebａsedonthｅｆolｌowｉｎｇpasｓage.Ｉtispｒｅｔｔｙmuｃｈaone-wａｙstreet.Whileｉｔmaybecommonｆorunivｅｒsitｙresearchersｔotｒyｔheirluckiｎthecommeｒｃiaｌworｌd,tｈereisｖｅryｌittｌｅtraffiｃiｎtｈeoppositedireｃtiｏn．Paｙｈａsalwaysbｅeｎthebiggeｓtｄeteｒｒent,aｓpeｏpｌeｗｉthfamiliｅsofｔｅｎfeeltheyｃａnｎoｔaffoｒdｔhｅｄrｏpinsａｌarywhenmoｖiｎgtoaｕniｖersityｊoｂ.Forsomeｉndustｒialscｉｅntists,hｏweｖer,theattrａctｉｏnsofacａdemiａ(學術(shù)界)outweighａｎyfinanciaｌconsｉderaｔions.HｅlenLeeｔooka70％cutiｎｓalaryｗhenshｅｍovedfｒｏmasｅnｉｏrpoｓtinAbbottLaboratoｒiｅstoamｅｄicａldepartmｅnｔattheUnivｅrsityoｆCamｂｒidgeTheiｍpaｃｔｏfａsaｌarｙｃｕtisｐrobabｌｙlessｓｅveｒefoｒaｓcientistintheeａrlyｓtａgｅｓofacareeｒ.GｕyＧrant,ｎowarｅseaｒchａssociateatthｅUnileverCenｔrefｏrMolｅcularＩnｆｏｒmaｔｉcsattheUnｉveｒsityofCambｒｉｄge，ｓpeｎttwoyearsworkiｎgfｏrapｈａrmaｃeｕticａｌ(制藥的)compａｎybｅforereｔurｎinｇtouniverｓiｔｙasapｏst－doctoｒａｌｒｅseaｒcheｒ.Ｈetoｏka３0%sａｌaryｃuｔbｕｔfelｔｉtwｏrｔhwhilｅfortheｇreateｒintｅllectualopportunities．Higheｒupｔhｅlaｄder,whｅreaｐaｙcｕtisusuａllｙmoreｓignificant，thｅdemandforsｃientｉsｔswithａweａｌｔhofexｐerienｃeinｉｎｄｕsｔryiｓforcｉngunｉｖersitiｅsｔｏmakethｅtrａnsiｔion(轉(zhuǎn)換)toacadeｍiａmoreaｔtrａctiｖe,accordingtoLee.Ｉndｕstrｉａlsｃientiｓtstendｔoreceivetrａinｉngthaｔacaｄemicsdonot,sucｈａsｈoｗtobuildaｍｕltiｄisｃipｌinarytｅam,manａｇebuｄｇｅｔｓandnegotiａt(yī)ｅｃｏntrａｃｔｓ.Thｅｙarealｓoweｌlplacedｔobｒingｓoｍｅthingｅxｔratothｅｔeacｈinｇｓiｄeｏｆaｎacademiｃｒolethatｗillhelpｓtudｅntsgetａｊobｗhｅntheｙgｒaｄuate,sａｙsLee，perhaｐsｅｘpｅｒiｅｎceinmanufａcturiｎgprａｃｔiｃeorｐroｄuctdｅｖeｌopmeｎｔ.“Ｏnlyaｓmallnumbeｒoｆundergｒaduatesｗilｌcoｎtiｎueinanacａdemiccaｒｅer.Sosoｍeoｎeleavｉｎguｎiversｉtｙwhｏａｌrｅadyｈasthｅsｋillsｎｅedｅｄtoworkiｎaｎinｄusｔriallabhasfarmorepoｔｅnｔｉalinthejobｍarkｅtｔhaｎｓomeoｎeｗｈｏｈａｓspｅntallｔhｅirtimeonaｎarrowresearchprｏjeｃｔ.”注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。５7．By“aonｅ-ｗaysｔreet”（Line1,Pａra.1),theauthoｒｍeans__＿＿___＿.[A］ｕniｖersiｔyｒesearcheｒsknｏwlittleａboutthｅｃｏmmerｃiａｌwｏrld[B]thereｉslｉｔtｌｅexchanｇebetweenｉnduｓtryaｎｄacademｉa[C]fｅwinｄustrialscientiｓtsｗoulｄqｕitｔoworkinａｕnｉversitｙ[Ｄ]fewuｎｉversitｙprofeｓsorsarewillinｇｔodoiｎｄｕsｔrｉａlresearch5８．Thｅword“ｄetｅrrent”(Ｌｉne2,Ｐara.1)ｍoｓｂablyrｅfersｔｏsoｍethiｎｇthat＿＿______.［A]keepsｓomeoneｆｒomｔａｋｉngaction［C]aｔtractspｅopｌｅ’satteｎtｉｏn［B］helpstｏｍovethｅtｒaffic[D]briｎｇｓｓomeoneafiｎaｎcialｂurden59.WhaｔwasＨeleｎLeｅ’smajorcｏnsiderationwhenshｅｃhangｅdherjobiｎｔheｍidｄleｏfｈercarｅｅr?[A]Ｆｌeｘiblewｏrkhoｕrs.［C］Herpreferenceｆoｒtheliｆｅstyleoncampuｓ.[B]Hｅrｒeｓｅarｃhinterｅstｓ.[Ｄ]Prospecｔｓofacadeｍｉｃaｃcoｍplｉshments.60.GuyGraｎｔchｏｓeｔoworkaｓａresearchｅｒatCａmbrｉdｇｅinordｅrto_＿＿＿____.[Ａ]doｆinancｉallymｏｒerewardingｗork[B］raiｓehissｔatuｓintheaｃadｅmiｃwｏrld［C]enricｈhｉsｅxperｉencｅinmedicalresｅａrch[D]explｏitbettｅｒintｅlleｃtualｏｐportuｎities61．Whatcoｎｔributiｏｎcanindustrialscienｔｉｓtsmakewheｎｔhｅycoｍetoteaｃｈinａunivｅrｓiｔｙ？［A]Increａsｅitsｇraduａt(yī)es’ｃｏmpｅｔitｉｖeｎｅssinthejobｍarｋet.[B]Developitsｓtudｅｎts’poｔeｎtiａｌiｎrｅsｅarch．[C］Heｌpｉtｔooｂtａｉnfinａnciａlsｕｐportfroｍｉndusｔｒy.[Ｄ]Geariｔｓreseａｒchtｏwardｓpractiｃalaｐpｌｉcａt(yī)ｉoｎs.PassａｇeTwoＱｕｅstionｓ62ｔｏ66arebａsedoｎｔhefｏlloｗｉｎgpasｓage.Bｅingsocｉaｂlelookｓlikeagoodｗaytoaddyearsｔoyｏurｌife.Ｒelaｔioｎshipswitｈfamｉｌy,ｆriends,nｅｉghｂours,evenｐets,wｉllaｌldothetrｉck,bｕttｈebｉggeｓtloｎｇevity(長壽)boostｓeｅmsefrommarriagｅoraｎｅqｕivａleｎｔrelａｔiｏnship．Ｔheefｆectwasfirstnotediｎ１８5８byWilｌiamFarｒ,whowｒoteｔhatwｉｄowsａｎdｗidowers(鰥夫)wereatamuｃhhigｈerriｓkofdyiｎｇthａntｈeirmaｒｒiedpeeｒs.Sｔｕdiessinｃethｅnsuｇgｅstthatmarriａgeｃouldaddasmｕｃhassevenyearstｏaｍan’sｌｉfｅandtwotoawomａn’s.Tｈeeffeｃthoｌdsｆorallｃauｓesofdeath,ｗhetherｉlｌness,aｃcidentorself－h(huán)arm.Eｖｅniftｈeoddｓareｓtａckedagａinstｙou,marriagecaｎmｏrethanｃomｐensａt(yī)e．LindaWaiteｏfｔｈeUｎiｖerｓiｔｙｏfCｈicａｇohａｓfoundｔhａt(yī)amａｒrｉｅｄoｌdermaｎｗitｈｈeartdisｅasecanｅｘpecttｏliｖeneaｒlyfouryearｓlongerｔhanａnunmarrｉedｍanwｉtｈaheａlthｙheaｒt.Lｉｋeｗiｓｅ,amａrｒiedmａnwhoｓmoｋesmoretｈanapａcｋadayｉsliｋeｌytoliveasｌoｎgasadiｖorceｄｍａnｗhodoeｓn’tｓmoke．Therｅ’saflipsiｄe,hoｗeｖer，ａｓｐartnｅｒsａｒemｏrｅｌｉkｅlytobecoｍeilｌoｒｄieinthｅcoupｌeｏfyeaｒsfolloｗｉngthｅirspouse’sｄeath,andcaringforaｓpousｅｗiｔhmentaldｉｓｏｒdeｒｃanleａveyouwithｓomeｏftheｓamesevereｐroｂｌeｍs.Ｅvensｏ,ｔheoddsｆavｏｕrmａrriage.Ina30-ｙearstudyｏｆmｏrｅｔhan10,000people,NｉcholａsCｈｒistakｉsoｆSohowdoesｉtwｏrk?Tｈeeffecｔsａｒecompｌeｘ,ａfｆeｃtedbyｓocｉo-ｅｃoｎoｍiｃｆaｃtoｒs,hｅaｌtｈ-ｓｅｒviｃeｐrovｉsiｏn,emotioｎaｌｓuppｏrtandotｈerｍorephyｓｉｏloｇｉcal(生理的)mecｈanismｓ．Forexaｍpｌe,ｓｏcialｃontactcanboosｔdｅveｌoｐｍentofｔheｂraｉnaｎdｉmｍｕnesysｔem,leadiｎｇtobｅtｔerhealthaｎｄlessｃhａnceｏfdeｐｒessｉonｌatｅrinlife.Pｅopleｉnｓupporｔiｖe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