2023年職稱英語(yǔ)真題理工A試題及答案

2023年職稱英語(yǔ)真題理工(Ａ)第1部分:詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1-1５題,每題１分,共1５分)下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或者短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分?jǐn)M定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1．Theｒｕlesaｒetoorｉgidtoallowfｏrｈｕmaneeｒror.A．inｆlexible?Ｂ.geｎerａl C．ｃomｐlex?D．dirｅｃt2.Thiｓsｐecieshaｓnｅarlydｉｅdoutbecａuｓｅｉtsｈａbiｔaｔｉｓbeingdestroyed.A.tｕrneｄdead?Ｂ.pasｓｅdby C．caｒriｅdａｗａy Ｄ.ｂecoｍeextinct3.Thｅｃontrａｃｔbeｔwｅe(cuò)ntｈetｗocomｐａniｅｓwiｌlexpirｅｓoon.A.shortｅn?B.eｎｄ Ｃ．start D.ｒeｓumｅ4．Tｈｒeeｗorld-clａsstenｎｉsplayerｓcameｔocｏｎtｅｎdｆoｒthisｔitle.A.argue?B.cｌaiｍ?C.wish?D．compete５.Themｅthodsofcomｍunｉcaｔionuｓeｄduringｔhewarwereｐｒiｍitiｖe.A．ｓiｍple B．reliable Ｃ．efｆeｃtｉｖｅ D．a(chǎn)lternａt(yī)iｖe6．Rｅspectforlｉｆeisaｃａｒdｉnalprinｃipｌeofthelａｗ．A.moral B.rｅgular C.ｆuｎdamenｔal D.hard7．Theｄrｉnkingwaｔｅrhasbecｏｍeｃｏntaｍiｎatedwithｌeaｄ.A.polluteｄ B.treated?Ｃ.tested D．corrupted８．Comｅoｕt,ｏｒI’ｌlbuｓtｔhedooｒdｏwn.Ａ.shｕt B.sｅｔ?C．ｂreaｋ?D.beaｔ9．Sｈeshｅｄafewtｅａrｓａｔｈerdaughｔer’swedｄing.A．ｗipｅｄ?Ｂ．injectｅd C．prｏduced?D.reｍoved1０.Tｈeyｄidn’ｔsｅe(cuò)mtoapｐrecｉaｔｅtheｍａｇnitudeoｆｔhｅprｏｂlｅｍ.A．ｅxｉsｔenｃe?B.impｏrtａncｅ?C.cａｕse?D.sｉｔuatｉoｎ１1.Thｅｔoｗeｒｒｅｍaiｎsintａctｅvenaｆterｔwohｕndｒeｄyeaｒs．A.unkｎoｗn?B．ｕｎｕsual?C.undａｍaged?D.unstablｅ1２.Ｍanyexpertsrｅmaｉnskepticalａｂｏutｈisｃlａｉms.A.ｄｏｕｂtful?Ｂ.ｕnｔｏｕｃｈed C.certaｉｎ Ｄ.sｉlｅnt1３.Theｐropｏsalwaｓｅndｏrsedbytｈemaｊｏｒiｔｙofmembeｒs.A．rejｅcted?Ｂ．ｓubmitted C.ｃｏnsiｄｅrｅd?Ｄ.aｐproｖeｄ１4.Rｕmoｒsbeｇanｔｏcircuｌａｔeabouthｉsfinａncｉalpｒoblems.A.senｄ?B.spread C．ｈeaｒ Ｄ.conｆｉrｍ１５.Ｔｈepolｉcewillneｅdtokeepawａryeyeｏnthisareaofｔown.Ａ.naked B.cauｔｉｏｕｓ Ｃ.bliｎd?D．private

第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16-22題，每題1分，共7分）ＮeｗUnderstａndiｎｇofNaturaｌSｉlk’sMｙstｅｒiesＮatuｒaｌsilｋ,aｓｗeallknｏw，ｈasastrengthtｈaｔmaｎ-mademａt(yī)eｒiaｌshａｖｅloｎgstｒugｇleｄtomatｃh.IｎadiscｏｖeｒythatsoundsmorelikeanaｎcｉeｎｔChinesｅproverbthaｎamateriａｌsscienceｂreａkｔhｒｏｕｇh,MIＴreｓeａrcheｒshａvediscoverｅdthａｔｓiｌｋgｅtsｉtｓstrenｇthｆromitｓweakｎesｓ.Ｏr，ｍｏrespecificalｌy，ｉtsmanｙwｅaknessｅs.Silkgeｔsitｓextraordｉnaryｄurabilityandductilｉty（柔韌性)ｆromanuｎuｓuａlａrrangementofhyｄroｇenbｏndsthataｒｅiｎtrinsicaｌｌyｖeryweａkbuttｈatwoｒktogｅthertｏcreateastrong,flexiｂlｅstrｕctｕｒe.Mostｍateriaｌs—espeｃiallythｅoneｓｗeenｇineｅｒforstreｎgtｈ—gｅｔtｈeirｔｏughnesｓfroｍbrittleness．Asｓucｈ,ｎaturａlsilkslikethoseproduｃedbysｐidｅrsｈavｅlongfａｓｃinatｅdｂoｔhbiｏlogiｓtｓandeｎｇinｅe(cuò)ｒsbecauseofｔhｅirliｇｈｔｗeｉgｈt,ductiｌityaｎdｈighｓtrｅngtｈ(poundforpouｎd,sｉlkisｓtrongerｔｈansｔeeｌaｎdｆaｒｌessｂritｔｌｅ)．Ｂutonitsface,iｔdoesn＇tｓeemthatsｉｌｋｓsｈouｌdbeasstrｏngasthｅyarｅ;molｅcularｌy，theyarｅｈeldtｏgethｅｒbyhydroｇｅｎbonds,wｈicｈarｅｆarwｅakerthａntheｃovalｅnt(共價(jià)的)ｂondsｆoundinｏｔｈermolｅcｕles．Tｏgetabetｔerｕnｄeｒstandｉｎgｏfhｏwsilkｍanaｇeｓｔoｐrｏducesucｈstrｅｎgththroｕghsｕchweakbonds,tｈｅMITｔｅamcreatｅｄａsｅｔofcｏmｐutｅrmｏｄｅｌｓtｈataｌlｏweｄｔhemtｏｏbsｅrｖｅtheｗayｓｉlkbehaｖesatｔheaｔomｉｃlevel.Theyfoｕnｄｔｈａｔtheａｒranｇemenｔofｔhetｉnysilknaｎoｃｒystals(納米晶體)isｓuchthatｔhehyｄrogｅnboｎdｓaｒeabletｏworkcooperativｅlｙ,reinforcingoｎｅanｏtheｒagaiｎstｅxｔerｎaｌfoｒcｅsanｄｆａｉlingslｏwlyｗhentheyｄofail,ｓｏasnoｔｓoallｏｗaｓuddeｎfractｕretosｐreadaｃrosｓasilｋｓｔrｕcｔｕｒｅ．Theresulｔisnaturalｓilksthatcaｎstrｅtchａｎｄbｅndwhilｅrｅtａiningａhigｈdegreｅｏfstrｅｎｇth.Butwhiletｈat'saｌlweｌlaｎdgoodfｏrsｐiders,beesａndthelｉｋe,thisundeｒstandｉｎgofsilｋｇｅｏmetrycouｌdｌeaｄtonewmateriａlsｔhatａrestrongerandmoreductｉlethanthoｓeｗeｃancｕrreｎtｌyｍanufａcture.Ourbｅstanｄstrｏngestｍａt(yī)eriａlsａｒegｅneｒallyexｐensiveanddiｆfiｃｕlｔtoprｏduce（ｒequirｉnghightempeｒaturetrｅaｔmｅnｔsorenergｙ-ｉｎtensiｖｅｐrｏcesses).Bylookingtoｓilkaｓamodel,researchｅrscouｌdpoｔenｔｉaｌlｙdeviseｎｅwｍaｎｕfacturingmethodsthaｔｒeｌyｏnｉnｅxpensiｖｅｍaterｉalsａndwｅaｋbondstocｒｅaｔeｌessrigid,ｍoｒｅfｏrｇivｉｎｇmａｔeriaｌsthatarｅnｏｎeｔheleｓsｓｔrongertｈananｙthingｃｕｒrentlyonｏffｅｒ.Anｄifyoutｈoughtｙｏuwｅregoｉngtｏｇetoutｏfthismaterialsscieｎｃestoｒyｗiｔhoｕthearingaboｕtcarbｏnnanotubes(納米碳管),thinkagain.ＴｈeMＩTｔeamisalreadyinthｅｌablookinｇｉntoｗａysｏfｓyｎthesizingsilk-lｉkestrｕctｕresouｔｏfｍateｒｉａlsthatａｒｅｓtrｏnｇｅrthannａt(yī)ｕralｓｉlk—likｅcａrbonnanoｔubes.Suｐer-sｉｌksａｒeｏｎthehorizｏn.16．ＭITｒesearcherscarryouｔthestudytoiｌlｕstrａt(yī)ｅanａｎcｉenｔChineｓeproｖerb.A.Rigｈｔ?B.Ｗｒong?C.Notｍentiｏned17.Ｓilk’sｓtrengthcｏmeｓfromitsweａkhｙdrogenbondswｏrkｉngtogether．Ａ．Ｒigｈt Ｂ.Wroｎｇ?C.Notmｅntioｎed１8.Biologistsandｅnｇｉnｅｅrｓareinterestediｎｕnderｓtanｄｉnｇｎaturａｌsilksbecausethｅyareverylighｔandbrｉｔtle.Ａ.Ｒight B.Wｒoｎg C.Notmeｎｔioｎed19．Ifｔhehydrogenbondsbreakduetoexterｎａlforces,ｔｈeybreａkfasｔ.Ａ.Riｇht?Ｂ．Wrong?C.Notmｅｎtioned２0.TheMＩＴｔeａmｈaｄtrｉeｄｄifｆｅrenｔmateｒialsbeforetｈｅystudiesnatｕralsｉlｋintheｒeｓearcｈ．Ａ.Rｉght B.Wｒｏng?C.Nｏｔmentｉoｎed21.Ｃａrbonnａnoｔｕbeｓarecｕrrentlythｅｍoｓtpopｕlａrtopｉciｎｍａｔeｒialsscｉence.A．Right?B．Wｒong?C.Nｏｔｍenｔionｅd２２．ｉntheｆuｔuｒeA.Rｉghｔ?B．Ｗrong C.Nｏｔmeｎtioｎeｄ下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù):（1)第23～26題規(guī)定從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；（2)第27~30題規(guī)定從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子擬定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。ＢlacｋHolｅs１.Blaｃkholescａｎｂｅbeｓtdescribedaｓａsorｔofvacuum,suckｉｎｇuｐeverythiｎginｓpacｅ．Scｉentiｓｔsｈaveｄiscoverｅｄｔhatｂｌackhｏｌescｏｍefromaneｘploｓiｏnｏｆhuｇｅｓtars.Sｔarsthataｒｅｎｅａrdeathｃａｎｎolongｅｒｂurｎduetolｏｓｓoffuel,andbecauseitstｅｍperatuｒecａnnｏlongercontrolthegrａｖｉｔationaｌ（重力的）force,hydrｏgenｅｎdsuppｕttｉngprｅｓsuｒeonｔoｔhesｔａr’ssｕrfacｅｕｎtilitｓｕｄdenlyeｘplodeｓｔhｅnｃollapses.２.Ｂlackｈoｌeｓcｏｍeｆrｏmsｔaｒｓthataｒｅmadeｏfhydｒogen,othergasｅsａndafｅwmｅtalｓ.Wｈeｎtheｓeexplｏdeｉｔcａnturnintoaｓtelｌaｒ－masｓ(恒星質(zhì)量)bｌacｋhoｌe，ｗhichｃａnｏｎlｙoccｕriｆtheｓｔarｉsｌaｒgeenough(sｈoulｄbebiggerｔhantｈesun)forｔｈeeｘplｏｓionｔobｒeakitintopieｃｅs,aｎｄtｈｅgｒaｖiｔystartstocomｐacteverypｉeceｉnｔothetiｎｉｅsｔｐaｒtｉcle.Trytoｓeeaｎdcompare:ｉfastarthat’ｓtｅｎtimesthesiｚｅoｆｔｈeｓunendsuｐbeingａblackhｏlethａt(yī)’snｏｌoｎgerthan70kilomｅｔｅrs,thentheEarthｗouldｂecomeaｂlackｈｏlethaｔ’ｓoｎlｙaｆraｃtiｏnoｆanｉｎch!3.Oｂjectstｈaｔgetｓｕｃkeｄinablackhoｌeｗilｌaｌwaｙsｒｅｍaintheｒe，nevｅrtｏbｒeakｆree．Butｒｅmｅｍberthａt(yī)blaｃkｈolｅscａnｏnlｙｇoｂbleuｐ(吞噬)objｅctswｉｔｈinａｓpｅcificｄisｔａｎｃetｏiｔ．Iｔ’spossiblefｏralaｒgestaｒｎearｔhｅsuntｏbｅcoｍｅａblaｃｋholｅ，butthｅsuｎwｉlｌｃｏntｉnuｅtostayｉｎplace．Oｒbiｔsｄoｎｏｔchａｎgeｂecauｓethｅｎewlyformeｄblacｋholｅcontainｓｅxactｌytｈesａmｅamountｏfｍassaswhenitwaｓａｓtar,oｎlythistｉmｅitｓmassistotaｌｌycｏntractedtｈatｉtcａnenｄupasnoｂiggerｔhａnaｓtate.4．Sｏfar,ａstronomershavｅfiguredouttｈaｔblackhｏleｓeｘisｔbecauｓeofAｌｂertEiｎstein’sｔhｅoryofrｅlatｉｖity.Inｔheｅnd,tｈｒougｈnumｅｒｏusstｕdies,thｅyhaｖediｓｃｏveｒｅｄthaｔblａckhoｌestrulｙeｘist.Sincebｌackｈｏlｅstrapｌightandｄｏnotgiveoｆfｌｉgｈt，ｉtｉｓｎearｌyimpoｓsibｌetodetｅctblackｈｏlesｖiaａｔeｌescｏpe．Butastronomeｒsｃontinｕeｔostudygaｌaxiｅs,spaceandtｈesoｌａrsystemtounderstａndhowｂlackｈoｌesmighｔeｖolvｅ.Itispoｓsiblethatblackholescaneｘistｆｏrmillionｓofyearｓ,ａndｌatｅrcoｎtrｉbutetoａbiｇgerpｒoceｓsingaｌaxies,whichcaneventuallyleａｄtocreationｏfｎewentities.Scientistsalsocｒeditblackｈｏlesａｓhｅlpfuｌiｎlearninghｏwgaｌaｘｉeｓbegａｎｔｏform.A.Isｔｈeｒｅproofthaｔｂlackｈoｌｅsrealｌｙｅxｉst?B.Whataredifｆｅrｅnttｙｐesｏｆblackholｅs？C.Ｈowarebｌａckｈolesforｍed?D.Hｏwwereｂlaｃkholeｓnamed？E.Whathaｐｐenstotheobjectｓａｒoｕndablａcｋhole?F.Wｈatareｂlａckholeｓmadeof?23.Pａｒagraph12４．Ｐaｒagraｐh22５．Paragｒaph326.Paｒａgraｐh4２7．Blaｃkhｏlｅsａreforｍedafteｒ.28．Whｅｎalarｇｅｓtareｘplｏdeｓ,ｔheｇravｉtyｃompａctｓｅverｙｐｉeceiｎto.２９.Anｅwlyformedbｌackhｏｌeａndthestaritcomeｓfromareof.30．ＡｌbeｒtEinstein’sｔheoryofreｌativityhelｐsｔoproｖe.A.thecrｅationｏｆnewentitiesB.ａnexploｓiｏnofhugｅｓtarsC.theｔｉｎieｓtｐａrticlｅＤ．ｔhesameamoｕｎtoｆmassＥ.ｔheexｉstｅnceoｆｂｌackhｏleｓＦ.ａfrａcｔionｏｆａninch

第４部分：閱讀理解（第31-45題,每題3分，共４5分）下面有３篇短文,每篇短文后有５道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,為每題擬定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第一篇ＦoreｃastingＭeｔｈodsTherearｅseveraldｉfｆerｅnｔmethｏdsｔｈatcａnbeusｅdtocreateaｆｏreｃast.Tｈemｅthodafoｒecasｔerｃhoｏｓesdｅpeｎdsupontｈeｅｘperienceｏftheforecastｅr,theamounｔoｆinforｍａt(yī)ionaｖailabletｏthｅforeｃastｅr,ｔhelevelofdifficｕｌtyｔｈａt(yī)theforeｃastsiｔuａｔｉonpresｅntｓ,ａnｄtheｄegreｅoｆａcｃｕrａcyorｃonfidenceneｅdedintheforecast.Tｈefｉrｓｔofｔhesemetｈodsistheperｓｉstencemethｏd;ｔhesimpｌestｗayoｆprｏducingafｏｒecaｓt.Thｅpｅrsisｔｅnｃeｍeｔhodａsｓumeｓthatthｅcoｎｄｉtionsａt(yī)thetｉmeoｆtｈeforecａsｔwｉｌlnｏtchａnge.Forｅxａmｐlｅ,ｉfｉｔｉssunｎｙand８7ｄegｒeｅsｔoday，theｐersisｔeｎｃｅmetｈodｐｒedｉctsthatitwｉllbｅsuｎｎyanｄ8７dｅgreestomｏｒrow．Ｉfｔｗoinｃhesofｒａinfｅllｔｏｄaｙ,ｔhepｅrｓisteｎｃemｅthodwouldpｒeｄicttwoinchesofrainｆortomorrow.Hoｗeveｒ,ifweatherｃonditioｎｓchangesigｎificantlyfｒoｍdaytoｄaｙ,tｈepersisteｎcｅmethoｄusuallｙbｒeaksdｏｗnａndisnotthebestforeｃａｓｔingmｅtｈodｔousｅ．Thetｒendsmeｔhｏdiｎｖｏlｖｅsｄetermininｇthespｅｅdanｄｄirectionofmｏvementｆｏrfroｎｔs，highaｎdlowpreｓsｕrecｅntｅrｓ,andａｒeasofcｌoudsａndprｅcipiｔatioｎ.Ｕsiｎgthisinformaｔｉon,theforｅcasｔercａｎpredicｔｗheｒeｈeoｒshｅe(cuò)xpectsｔｈosefeaturestobeatsoｍｅfutｕreｔime．Forexample，ifastｏrmsｙstemis1,00０milｅswesｔofｙｏuｒloｃａt(yī)ionaｎdｍｏviｎgtｏtheｅastａt(yī)2５０miｌesperｄay,uｓiｎgｔhｅtrｅndsｍetｈｏdyouｗoｕlｄprediｃｔittoaｒriveiｎyoｕrarｅaiｎ4ｄaｙs.Ｔheｔreｎdｓmｅthodwoｒｋswellｗｈｅnｓyｓteｍscontinuetomoveatthｅｓamｅspｅｅdｉnｔhesameｄirectｉonfoｒaloｎｇｐｅｒｉodｏftime．Iftheyslowdoｗn,spｅｅdｕp,changeinｔeｎsity,orchａngedirｅcｔion,thetrenｄｓfｏrecａsｔwiｌlｐrobablｙｎｏtwoｒkａswell.Ｔhecliｍａt(yī)oｌogyｍeｔhoｄisａnｏthersｉｍｐlewayｏfprｏdｕｃｉngafoｒｅcaｓｔ.Ｔhismethodinvolｖeｓａｖerａginｇｗeathｅrstatｉsｔiｃsａｃcumulaｔｅｄｏveｒmanyyeａrstomａｋｅtheforecast.Ｆoreｘaｍplｅ,ifyouwereusiｎgtｈeclimatｏlogymeｔhoｄtｏpredicｔtheweａｔｈerforNewＹｏrkCityoｎJuly４th,yoｕｗouldｇｏthroughaｌｌｔheweatｈerdataｔhaｔｈasbeenreｃordｅdｆorｅveryJuly4tｈanｄtakeaｎaveｒage.Thｅclimatologyｍethｏdonｌywoｒkswellwｈenｔhｅweaｔherpａt(yī)terｎｉｓｓｉmｉlartｏthａｔexpectedfoｒthecｈosentiｍeofyeaｒ.Iｆｔhepatｔernｉsquiteｕnusualforｔｈｅgiｖentiｍeoｆyeaｒ,thｅｃlimａt(yī)oｌogymｅtｈodwｉlloｆｔenｆａｉl.Tｈeanalogｍethｏdiｓａslｉｇｈｔｌyｍorecompｌｉcatｅdmeｔｈｏdｏfpｒoduｃｉｎgaforeｃａsｔ.Ｉtinｖolvesexamiｎingｔｏday'sforecastsｃenarioandreｍemｂｅriｎgaｄaｙinthepａstwｈenthewｅaｔhｅrsｃenarｉoloｏkｅdverysｉｍiｌａr(anaｎaloｇ）.Tｈefoｒecasｔeｒｗouldprediｃtthaｔtheweatherｉｎthｉｓｆoreｃastwilｌbｅhavｅthesameasｉtdidｉnthｅpaｓt.Theanaｌogmｅｔhodｉsdifficulttousebecaｕseitisvirtualｌｙimpｏssibletｏfｉndaｐredictａｎaloｇ．Variouswｅatherfeaturesrａrelyaｌignthemｓelvesinthｅsａｍeｌocationsasｔheｙｗereinthepreviousｔiｍe.Evenｓmalｌdiｆferencesbｅtweentｈeｃuｒrｅnｔtimｅanｄtｈｅaｎaloｇcanleadｔoｖerydiｆｆｅrentｒeｓｕｌtｓ.3１．ＷｈaｔoftheｆｏllowinｇfａctｏrsｉsNOＴｍentionedｉｎchoosingａｆｏrecastiｎgｍethod?A．Neceｓsaryａｍｏｕntofｉnfｏrmａt(yī)iｏｎ.B.Deｇrｅe(cuò)ofdｉfficuｌtyiｎｖolｖedｉｎforecasting.C．Prａctｉcalknowlｅdgeｏftheforeｃaｓtｅr.D.Crｅativitｙoftheforeｃａstｅr.３2.ThepersｉsteｎcemｅｔhodｆａilstｏworｋweｌｌｗhｅnＡ.iｔisrａiny.Ｂ．ｉtｉssuｎｎｙ.C.weaｔhercｏｎdiｔiｏｎsｓtaysｔablｅ.D.wｅatheｒcondｉtionsｃhanｇegreaｔly．３3.ThetｒendsｍethｏdworkswelｌwｈeｎA(yù)．ｗeaｔhｅｒfeaturesarｅcoｎstantforalｏnｇｐｅriodoｆtiｍｅ.Ｂ.ｗｅａｔherfｅaturesaredefinedwｅll.C.preｄｉｃｔionsｏｎprｅcipitationareａccuraｔe.D．thesｐeｅdanddirecｔioｎofｍovemｅnｔareprｅdｉcaｂle.34.TheａnａｌogmetｈｏdshｏuldnotbeuｓediｎmakinｇａweatherｆoreｃastwhenＡ.ｔheanａｌogｌooｋsｃomplicated.Ｂ.thecurrentweaｔhｅrｓcenarｉoisdifferentｆｒｏmthｅanａlｏg．C.tｈｅａnaｌｏgismｏrethan1０yearｓoｌd.D.thecurrentwｅaｔｈerscenａriｏiｓｅｘaｃtlｙthｅsaｍeａｓtheａｎalog．3５．Hｉｓｔｏricａlｗeａt(yī)hｅrdａｔaarenecessaryinA．thepｅrsistencemetｈｏdａndthetrenｄsmｅｔｈoｄ.B.ｔhetrｅndｓｍethodanｄｔheclimatologymｅｔhoｄ.Ｃ.theｃlimatologymeｔｈｏdaｎｄtheａｎalogmethod．Ｄ.Thepeｒｓistenｃemetｈodaｎdtheanalｏgｍeｔhod.?第二篇ＳtudｅnｔsLeaｒnＢｅｔｔerWｉthＴouｃhscreｅnDｅsksObserｖetｈecriｔicｉｓｍsofnｅａｒlyａｎｙmajｏｒpubliceducaｔｉonsyｓtemiｎtｈewｏrlｄ，aｎｄａfｅwoftheｍａnycｏmｐlainｔsaremoreorlesｓuniversaｌ.Ｔｅｃhｎoｌoｇymovｅｓfａsｔerｔｈａｎｔhｅe(cuò)ducationｓysteｍ．Teacheｒsmｕsttｅaｃhatthepacｅoftheｓlowesｔstudeｎtｒａt(yī)heｒthanthefaｓtest.Aｎd—particularlyintｈeUｎiｔedSｔateｓ—sｃhｏolcｈｉldｒｅnasａgroupdｏn’ｔcａrｅmｕｃhfor,orexｃeｌａt(yī),mathematｉｃs.Soiｔ’sｈearteningtoｌｅarｎthataｎewkiｎdof“cｌasｓroomofｔheｆutuｒe”showｓpｒｏｍiseatmｉｔigatinｇsomeofthesepｒｏblｅms,ｓｔartｉngｗｉtｈthatfｕndamｅnｔalpieceｏｆclassｒoｏmfｕrniturｅ：thedesk．AUKstuｄyiｎvolviｎｇroughly4００ｓtudents,mostlyaged8-10yeaｒs,andａｎewgenｅratｉonofmultｉ-touｃh,ｍulｔi－uｓeｒ,cｏmpuｔｅrｉzeddeskｔoｐsurｆaｃesisｓhoｗｉngｔhaｔｏverthelastthｒeeｙeaｒsthetechnologｙhasaｐpreciaｂlybｏostedstudｅnts’mathskilｌｓcompａredtoｐeeｒslearｎiｎgｔｈeｓamｅmａt(yī)erialviａt(yī)heconvｅntionaｌｐaper-anｄ-pｅncilmethoｄ.Hoｗ？Thｒoｕghcolｌabｏration,mosｔｌｙ,aswelｌasｂygｉvingteａcｈeｒｓbｅttｅrtｏolｓbywｈichtomｉcrｏｍａnａgeindｉvｉdｕalstｕｄentswhoneedsｏmeextrainsｔｒuctiｏnｗhilealｌｏwingtherestoftheｃlａｓstｏcontｉnuemoｖingforwａrd．Tｒａditｉonａlｉnsｔrｕctionｓtｉllshowsrｅｓpectａbｌeefficaｃy(效力)atｉｎcreaｓｉｎgstｕｄeｎtsfｌueｎcyinmatheｍatｉcs,essentiａｌlｙｔhroｕｇhmemorizationandｐraｃtiｃe—ｄuｌl,ｒeｐetitivepｒａcｔicｅ.Ｂuttheresｅａｒcｈｅrshaveconcｌudeｄthaｔｔheseｎewtｏｕｃhsｃreendesksboosｔbotｈfｌuｅｎcyanｄfleｘibilｉｔy—thecｒｉticaltｈiｎkingｓｋillstｈａt(yī)allowstuｄｅntｓtoｓolvecoｍpｌｅxproｂleｍsnoｔsiｍｐlｙthroughｋnowiｎgｆｏrmuｌaｓanddevices,butｂｙbeingaｂｌetofｉguｒeｏｕｔwｈattherｅaｌprｏblemｉｓanｄthｅmｏｓteffｅctivemeansoｆstrippｉngitｄｏwnaｎdsolｖingit．Onereasonforthis,therｅsｅａrcｈerｓsay，ｉsthｅｍulti－touｃｈaspecｔofthetｅchnoloｇy.Ｓｔudentｓworkingｉnthenｅxt-gｅｎｃlａｓsroomcaｎwｏrktogetｈerａt(yī)tｈesamｅｔaｂletop,ｅacｈofｔheｍcoｎtrｉｂutingandｅnｇagingwitｈtheproｂlemａspａrtofaｇrouｐ.KnoｗnasSynergyNet,thｅｓoftｗarｅusｅｓｃompuｔｅrｖiｓioｎsysｔｅｍsｔｈａｔseeintheｉnfraｒed(紅外的)speｃtruｍtodistiｎgｕｉｓhbetweｅndｉffｅreｎttoucheｓondiffｅrentpartｓoｆthesurｆacｅ，ａlloｗinｇｓtudenｔstoaccessandusｅtoolｓonｔhescreｅn，ｍoveｏbｊectsandvisualaｉdsaroundonｔhｅｉrdｅsｋtopｓ，aｎｄotherｗiｓeｐｈysicａlｌyｉｎteｒacｔwiththｅnumｂersaｎｄinforｍａt(yī)iononｔheｉrsｃreeｎs．Byｕsｉngｔｈesesｃｒeｅnscｏlｌaboraｔｉvely,thｅresearcherｓsaｙ,thestudentｓarｅtosoｍeeｘtｅntteａcｈingtｈｅmseｌｖesaｓthosewiｔhaｓtrongergｒasｐondiｆｆicｕltconｃeｐtspulloｔhｅrstｕdentsforwardaloｎgwithtｈem.3６．ＷhichoftｈefollｏwinｇstaｔeｍentsisNOTtruｅoftheｐｕｂlicｅducａt(yī)iｏｎｓyｓｔem？A．Itｄoesｎotcaｔchupwithtｈｅdｅｖelopｍeｎtoftecｈnoloｇｙ.B.Teachｅrｓpaｙｍoreattenｔiontofastlearnersｔhansｌoｗleａrners.Ｃ.Ｓomesｉmilａｒcoｍplａｉntsａｂoutｉtareheａｒdindifferenｔcouｎtries.D.Manyｓｔudｅｎtｓaｒeｎoｔgｏｏdatleａｒｎｉngmaｔｈeｍａt(yī)iｃs．37.Ｗｈathaｓbeｅnfoundａｆtertｈeｎewtecｈiｓemｐlｏyed？A.Ｔeaｃhersareaｂｌetoｇiveinｄividｕａlizｅdatteｎｔｉｏntｏｓtｕｄeｎtｓinneed．B.Studenｔsbecomelessactｉveinleａrnｉｎgｍａt(yī)ｈeｍatics.C．Sｔudentsｓhowｐrefｅrencetｏtｈeconvｅntioｎalpａｐer-and-pｅｎcilｍetｈod.Ｄ.Ｔhｅgapｂｅtｗｅe(cuò)nslowleaｒnersandfastｌearｎersgｅｔmoｒeｎotiｃeaｂle.38.Wｈatisｔhebenｅfｉtsｔudentsgｅtｆromtheｎeｗteｃh?A.Iｔmakesthemmｏｒｅfluｅｎｔinpublicspeech．B．Itoffeｒsthemmｏreｆlexｉbｉlｉtyiｎchoosiｎgｃourses.C.Itiseffectiveinheｌpingtheｍsolvephysicalpｒoｂｌeｍs.D．Ｉtenablesthemtodeveloｐcriｔiｃaｌthinkingabｉliｔy．A．Ｅｖerystudenｔhａsaninｄｉｖiduａltabletop．B．Ｓtuｄｅntsｕsｅdｉｆfeｒenttｏolｓtointｅractwitheaｃｈｏtｈｅr．C.Theｍｕlｔi－touchfunctionstimulaｔesstuｄｅｎtｓ.D.Tｈｅｓoftwareｉnsｔalｌeｄaｕtomaticａｌlyｉdentifiesdifｆerｅntｕseｒs．A.Itｈelpsfaｓtleａｒnerｓtｏleaｒnfastｅr.B．Ｉtmakeｓteacｈerｓ’instructionunnecessａｒy.C．Itenablestｈemｔowoｒktogｅther.D.Itａｌlowsthｅwholｅcｌasstolｅaｒnatthｅsaｍｅpａce.

第三篇OｎtheＴrａilｏftheHonｅyBaｄｇersOnareｃeｎtfｉeldtriｐtoｔｈｅＫalahａriDeseｒt,ateaｍofｒesearｃhersleaｒntaloｔmoreａbouthonｅybadgｅrs(獾).Thetｅａmempｌｏｙedaｌｏcａlｗiｌdlifeeｘperｔ,KｉｔsoＫhaｍa,tohelpthemｌocaｔeandｆolｌoｗtheｂａdgersaｃｒosｓｔｈｅdeｓert.Theiｒmainaｉmwａstostuｄythebadgers’ｍｏｖementsandｂeｈａviourasdｉsｃreetｌｙ(謹(jǐn)慎地)ａspossｉble,withouｔfrightenｉngｔhｅmawayｏｒｃausinｇｔheｍtocｈaｎgetheirnａt(yī)uraｌbｅhａｖiour.Thｅyａlｓopｌaｎnedｔｏtrapafeｗanｄsｔudｙtｈemcloseｕｐbeforereleaｓiｎgthｅm.Inviｅwoｆthｅanimａl’srｅpuｔatｉon,ｔｈiswassomethingthatｅｖeｎＫｈａmａwaｓrelｕｃtantｔodo.“Ｔhｅｐｒｏbleｍwｉtｈｈoｎeybadgeｒsｉsｔhｅyarenaturaｌlycuriousａｎiｍals,ｅｓpeciａllywhentheyｓｅe(cuò)sｏｍｅｔhingｎｅw,”ｈesays．“ｔhａｔ,cｏmbｉｎeｄｗiｔhtｈeirｕnpｒｅdictabｌeｎatｕre,cａnbｅａdａngerｏｕsｍixturｅ.Iｆｔheysｅnseyouhavefood,ｆoreｘample,thｅywon’tｂeshyaboｕtcoｍｉnｇｒigｈtupｔoyｏｕｆｏrsomeｔｈinｇtoｅａt(yī).They’ｒｅactuallyquｉtesociaｂlecreatuｒｅsaｒoundhｕｍanｓ，bｕtassoｏnａstｈeｙfeｅltheymightbeinｄａnger，theyｃaｎｂecomｅe(cuò)xtrｅmelyviciｏus(兇惡的)．Ｆortunatｅlyｔｈiｓisｒaｒe,ｂutiｔdｏeｓhaｐｐen.”Ｔheｒesearchconfirmedmanythingｓthatｗereaｌreadｙknown.Ａｓeｘｐecteｄ,honeybadgeｒｓatｅanｙｃrｅaturesthｅycｏuldcaｔｃhandkｉll.Evenpｏisｏｎoｕssnａkeｓ,feａrｅdａｎｄaｖｏidｅdbyｍostotherａnimａｌｓ,ｗerenotsaｆefromthem.Therｅseaｒcｈersｗｅｒeｓurpｒiｓed，howevｅr,bｙtｈｅanｉmａｌ’ｓfonｄnessforloｃａlmｅlonｓ，proｂaｂｌybｅｃauseｏｆtheirhiｇhwateｒcｏntenｔ.Previouslyｒｅsｅarcｈerｓthoｕghｔthａt(yī)ｔheanimaｌgotallofiｔsｌiqｕｉdrequiremｅntｓfromitspｒey(獵物）.Tｈetｅamaｌｓｏｌearntthat，contrarytopｒevioｕｓrｅsearcｈfiｎdinｇs，thｅｂadgeｒｓoccasｉｏnallyformｅdｌooｓefａmiｌｙgroups.Ｔｈeyｗereａlｓoabletocｏnfｉrmｃerｔainresultsfrompreｖioｕsreseaｒch,includinｇｔhefａt(yī)thatfemａlebａdｇersnevｅｒsocｉaｌiｚedｗitheachoｔher．Foｌloｗingsomeoｆtheｍaleｂadｇｅrswasaｃhallenge，sinceｔhｅycancovｅｒlargeｄｉstanｃesinaｓhｏrtｓpaｃeoftimｅ.Soｍehuntｉngteｒrｉtoriescoｖｅrmorｅtｈaｎ５0０sｑｕarekｉlomeｔeｒs．Althoughｔheyseemhａppytｏsharetheseｔeｒritorieｓwitｈｏthermales,ｔhereareoccasｉｏnalfightsoｖeraｎimｐorｔaｎtｆoodsｏuｒｃｅ，ａｎｄmalebａdgerｓcａｎｂeasaｇgrｅssiveｔｏwardｓeaｃhothｅrastheyａretowarｄｓｏtｈｅrspecies.Asｔhebadgersbecamｅaccustoｍedtｏtheprｅseｎceofpeopｌｅ,ｉtgavetheｔeamｔhｅｃhaｎcetogｅtupclｏｓeｔｏtｈｅmwithoutｂeｉngthesｕbｊｅctoftheａnimal’sｃuriｏsｉｔy—oｒtheｉrsuddeｎaggrｅsｓｉｏn．Thebaｄgers’eatingpatterns,whichhadbeendｉsｒuptｅｄ，ｒｅturneｄtonorｍaｌ．Ｉｔａlｓoalloweｄthｅtｅamtoobservemoreｃｌoseｌysomeｏftheｏtherｃreaturesthatfｏrmwｏrkｉngassｏciatｉoｎswｉthtｈehoneybａdgeｒ，aｓthesｅseemstoaｄoptthｅbａdgerｓ’reｌaxｅdatｔiｔudｅwｈenｎｅarhumaｎs.４1.WhｙdiｄｔｈewilｄlifeeｘpertｓvｉｓiｔｔhｅKaｌａhａriＤesｅrt?A.Tofｉnｄwhｅｒehｏｎｅｙbadｇｅｒｓlivｅ．Ｂ.Toｏbsｅrvehｏwhoneyｂadgerｓbeｈave.Ｃ．Ｔoｃatchsomehonｅybaｄgerｓfｏrｆood．D.Ｔofindｏutｗhyhonｅybadgｅrｓhaveａbadreｐuｔaｔion.４2.Whａt(yī)dｏｅsKｉtsoKhａmaｓａyaｂｏutｈoｎeybadｇerｓ?A.Theyshowinterestintｈinｇsthｅyarenotｆaｍｉliaｒwith.C.Theｙｄonｏtenｊoｙｈumanｃompany.Ｄ．Ｉtiｓcｏｍmonforｔhemtoattackpeople．４３．Ｗhaｔdidtheteamfｉｎdoutａbouthoｎeybadgers?Ａ.Thereweresomecreaturesthｅydｉdnoteaｔ.B.Ｔheyweｒeafｒaiｄofpoisonouscreaｔurｅs.C.Tｈeｙmａｙgetｓomeoftｈeｗatertheyneeｄｅdfrｏmfruit.D.Femａｌebadgersｄidnotmixwｉtｈmaleｂadgｅｒs.４4.Whichofthefoｌlowinｇｉsaｔypiｃalｆｅａt(yī)ureｏｆｍaｌebadgers？A．Tｈeydon’tｒｕｎverｙqｕｉｃkly.B．Tｈeｙｈｕnｔoveraveｒylａｒgearea.C.Theｙdｅfｅｎdtheｉrteｒritｏryｆromｏtｈerbaｄｇｅｒs.Ｄ．Ｔｈｅyａreｍoreagｇressivethanfemaleｓ45.Ｗhathａｐpeneｄｗｈenhｏｎeｙｂadgｅrsgoｔusedtoｈumａｎsarouｎｄthem?Ａ．Theybecａmｅlessagｇｒeｓｓivetｏwarｄsoｔｈerｃreａt(yī)urｅｓ．B.Tｈｅｙstａｒｔedeatiｎgmoｒe.C.Othｅｒaｎiｍａlｓｓtartedwoｒkingwiｔｈtｈem.Ｄ.Tｈｅylostinｔｅreｓtｉnｐeｏpｌe．

第５部分:補(bǔ)全短文（第4６-５0題，每題2分,共１0分)下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中５個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章面貌。ＴoadsａrｅＡrｔｈriｔicaｎｄinPａinＡrthｒitisｉsaｎillｎesstｈatcaｎcauｓepａiｎandswｅllingiｎｙourbones．Toads,aｂigpｒoｂleｍｉnthenｏrthofAｕｓｔraｌia，aresufferingｆromｐainfuｌａｒthｒitisiｎｔｈeｉｒleｇsａndbackｂｏnｅ,anewstudｙhａsshｏｗn．Theｔoadsｔｈatjuｍptheｆasｔｅstaｒeｍorｅlikelytobelａrgｅrａndtohａvelｏnｇｅrlegs．4６.Thｅlaｒｇeｙelloｗtoａｄs,nativeｔoSoutｈanｄＣｅntralＡｍericａ,wereiｎtroduｃedinｔｏｔhenortｈ－easternＡustraliａｎstatｅoｆQueenslaｎdin1９３Ｓinanattｅmpttoｓtｏpｂeeｔleｓａnｄｏtherinsｅｃtsfroｍdｅstroｙinｇsugarcaneｃrops.Nowｕｐｔo200miｌlionｏftｈepoisoｎｏustoａdsｅxistiｎthｅcountｒy,aｎdｔｈeyarerapiｄｌysｐreadingｔｈrougｈtheｓtａt(yī)ｅofNorｔheｒnTerrｉtoryａt(yī)arateoｆupto6０kmａyeａr.Thetoadscannｏwbefｏuｎdacrｏssmｏrethａnoｎeｍillｉonｓqｕaｒekilomｅters．47.ＡVeneｚueｌanｐoisonvirusｗastrｉｅdinthe1９90ｓbuthadｔoｂeａbandoｎｅdａfteriｔｗaｓfoｕndｔoalsｏkiｌlnatiｖｅfｒｏｇspｅｃiｅs.ThetｏａdshaveseverｅlyaｆfｅcｔｅｄecoｓystemｓｉnAustralia.Ａnimaｌs,anｄｓometｉｍeｓpets,thateatｔheｔoａdsdiｅiｍmｅdｉａt(yī)elｙfroｍtheiｒpoｉｓｏn,ａnｄthetoadstｈemsｅlveseatａnｙthiｎｇtheｙcanfitinsiｄｅtheirmouth.48.Ａｃo-authoｒoｆｔhenewstudy,RickSｈiｎe，aprofeｓsorattheUnｉveｒsｉｔyofSydneｙ，sａysthatlittleａt(yī)teｎtioｎhasbｅe(cuò)ngivｅntotheprobｌemsthatｔｏaｄｓfaｃｅ.Ricｋaｎdhｉｓcｏlｌｅaｇuｅssｔuｄiedneaｒｌｙ500tｏaｄsfromQueenｓlａnｄandtheNｏｒthernTeｒritoryaｎdfｏuｎｄthatthｏseintｈelａt(yī)terstａt(yī)ewereverydiｆferent.Ｔheyweｒｅactiｖe,ｓpriｎtinｇdoｗnroadsａndbreeｄingquickly.Accordingtotheresｕltsoftｈestudy,thefａstesttｏadstｒavｅlnｅａrlyonｅkilomｅtreaｎighｔ.49.Butｓpeeｄanｄｓtｒengｔhｃomｅaｔapｒicｅ—ａrｔhritisofｔｈｅlegsａndｂａckbonedｕetocｏnstaｎtpressurepｌaｃedoｎtheｍ.Iｎlaboｒatorytests,tｈｅresｅａrｃheｒsfｏunｄｔhａt(yī)afｔeｒaboｕt１５minｕtｅsofhoppinｇ,arthritｉｃtｏaｄsｗｏuldtrａｖellessdｉstａncewitheaｃｈｈop.50．Tｈesｅtoadsareｓopｒogｒａmmedｔomｏve,apｐarentlｙ,thａt(yī)eｖenｗｈｅninpainｔheｔｏadsｔraveｌlｅdaｓｆaｓtandasfaｒasthｅｈealｔhyｏneｓ,cｏnｔｉnuingtheｉrｒelｅntlｅssmaｒchａcroｓsthｅlandscape.Ａ.Ｔoaｄsarｅnotbｕiｌttｏbｅrｏadrunners—ｔｈeyａreｂuilｔtｏsｉtarouｎdponｄｓandｗetarea．B.Tｈｅtａsknoｗｆacingthｅcouｎtrｙisｈowtoremｏvethetｏads.C．Fｕrtheｒmoｒe,thｅyｓｏｏntａkeoverｔhenaturalhaｂｉtatｓoｆAustrａlia’ｓnatｉvespeｃies.D.Ｔoadｓwitｈlｏｎgeｒlegsmovefasteｒａndtｒavelｌonｇeｒdistanｃes，ｗhiｌetheｏtherｓareｂeｉnglｅftbeｈｉｎｄ.E.Ｂutｔｈｉsａｄvantageａlsohａｓabｉｇdrawback—ｕpｔo10％oｆｔｈebigｇｅｓttoadssuffeｒｆｒomarｔhritis.Ｆ.Bｕtａrthｒiｔｉsdiｄn’tｓloｗdoｗntoａdsoutsiｄethelａboratoｒy,theresｅａrｃｈersfound.

第6部分：完形填空(第51-６5題，每題1分,共1５分)下面的短文有１５處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白擬定１個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。BｅtｔerSoｌarEnergySysｔeｍs：MorｅHeat,MoreＬiｇhtSoｌarpｈotovｏｌtaictｈermalｅnergysｙsｔemｓ,orPVTs,generaｔeboｔhhｅａt(yī)andｅlｅctｒicity,bｕt（51)nｏwtheｙhaｖen’tbeｅnverｙgｏodattheheａt(yī)-geneｒatingpａｒtｃomparedtoastand-alｏnｅsolarｔhermaｌcolleｃtor.Ｔhaｔ’ｓｂｅｃauｓetｈｅｙoperateaｔlowteｍperatｕrestocooｌｃrystallinesiliconsolarｃellｓ,(５2)ｌetstｈesilicongeneraｔemorｅｅlｅcｔｒiciｔｙｂutisn’taｖｅryeffｉciｅntwａｙtｏgaｔhｅｒｈeat．Thaｔ’ｓaｐrｏbleｍofeconomｉcs.Goodsolaｒhot-wａt(yī)ersｙstemｓcanharveｓtｍuchｍｏreenerｇythanａsolar－ｅlectrｉcsｙstemａt(yī)asuｂstanｔiallyloweｒ(53).Ａnｄit’salsoaｓpａcｅproblem:photｏｖoltaicceｌｌsｃａｎ(5４)uｐａlltheｓpaceｏｎthｅrooｆ,leaｖinｇlｉttｌeroomfortherｍalａpplications.Inapａｉｒｏfstuｄieｓ,JｏshuａPｅarce,ａｎassociatepｒｏfessorofｍaterｉａlssｃieｎce