蘇寧設(shè)計(jì)題目信息驅(qū)動(dòng)的需求鏈管理模式_第1頁(yè)
蘇寧設(shè)計(jì)題目信息驅(qū)動(dòng)的需求鏈管理模式_第2頁(yè)
蘇寧設(shè)計(jì)題目信息驅(qū)動(dòng)的需求鏈管理模式_第3頁(yè)
蘇寧設(shè)計(jì)題目信息驅(qū)動(dòng)的需求鏈管理模式_第4頁(yè)
蘇寧設(shè)計(jì)題目信息驅(qū)動(dòng)的需求鏈管理模式_第5頁(yè)
已閱讀5頁(yè),還剩40頁(yè)未讀 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

的方法以顧客的策信化的構(gòu)建及優(yōu)化級(jí)織架構(gòu)調(diào)的處于行業(yè)同期增長(zhǎng)階段的大型連鎖發(fā)展企業(yè)并有著雄厚的的企業(yè)都有著深刻的啟迪意義。 Withtheimprovementofthetechnology,theenhancementofinformationandtheintensificationofglobalization,thecompetitionamongthelargechainbusinessareincreasinglyfierce.Itisdifficultforcompaniestowincompetitionadvantagemerelyusethetraditionalcompetitionstrategy,thusmorecompaniestreatdemandchainmanagementastosavecost,gaincompetitiveadvantageandmakebusinessmoresuccessful.Fromthepointofdemandchainmanagement,thisarticleusecasestudymethodtodiscusstheinformation-drivendemandchainmanagementmode,whichdiscussfromthefollowingaspects:marketingstrategy,informationsystemformulation,organizationalchange,supplychaindesignandintegrationandlogisticnetworkn.Theinformation-drivendemandchainmanagementmodecanbeimpliedbymanycompanieswhichitisnotonlyusefulforthecompaniesrelatedtoapplianceindustriesbutalsofullofsignificancetothefirmsinthegrowingstageandhaveenoughcashtosupportdemandchaindesignmanagement.:Suning,marketing,informationtechnology,logistics,supply,七十年在各的持下我開(kāi)引進(jìn)西方達(dá)國(guó)家設(shè)備和術(shù)海萬(wàn)寶等企業(yè)開(kāi)始登歷史舞臺(tái)。、隨著放不斷深入,家電行迎來(lái)了發(fā)展潮在1985年至1995電企業(yè)斷對(duì)引的國(guó)技術(shù)進(jìn)行化吸收并開(kāi)嘗試自創(chuàng)TLWTO,國(guó)家電迎來(lái)第三次浪潮-浪潮,此時(shí)的家電業(yè)綜合實(shí)力到了逐漸形了性品牌場(chǎng)和區(qū)性品牌兩類(lèi)市場(chǎng)到前已經(jīng)成了珠角、長(zhǎng)三角環(huán)渤灣東南海地區(qū)大產(chǎn)業(yè)著電子商的逐漸起家電企的發(fā)商的競(jìng)能力日加強(qiáng)企業(yè)間從傳單一的市競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系為爭(zhēng)理不僅要完備物流體還要需人等方面大規(guī)模投入國(guó)企業(yè)對(duì)求鏈的理步伐對(duì)緩,需求鏈管理家電市場(chǎng)尚處于萌芽狀態(tài),還,第一節(jié)應(yīng)鏈管理理供應(yīng)鏈管理指的是“圍繞企業(yè),通過(guò)對(duì)信息流,物流,流的控制,從采它是將供應(yīng)商,制造商,分銷(xiāo)商,零售商,直到最終用戶連成一個(gè)整體的功能網(wǎng)鏈模式"[2]。它的目的是通過(guò)物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃、供應(yīng)商、分銷(xiāo)商整合、信息系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建等有效的管理方法使供應(yīng)鏈的總成本最小化,它主要包括計(jì)劃、采購(gòu)、制造、配搜和退貨五大環(huán)節(jié)。快速響應(yīng)和有效客戶響應(yīng)是供應(yīng)鏈管理的兩大管理方法。對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈管理可以通過(guò)現(xiàn)代化、ERP系統(tǒng)、SAP系統(tǒng)等實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)零庫(kù)存、柔性制造、有效地解決企業(yè)通常會(huì)的“牛鞭效應(yīng)。與傳統(tǒng)的物流規(guī)劃和管理相比,供應(yīng)鏈管理有如下優(yōu)勢(shì):可以有效地降低庫(kù)存。通過(guò)對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈的管理,鏈上各成員通過(guò)先進(jìn)的信息系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)的信息交換,可以共享生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃、訂單需求、庫(kù)存動(dòng)態(tài)等信息,從而提高庫(kù)存預(yù)測(cè)的準(zhǔn)確性,并地補(bǔ)充庫(kù)存,從而減少不確定性并有效地降低安全庫(kù)存;可以降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在供應(yīng)鏈管理中,鏈上各成員間通過(guò)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)來(lái)降低各自承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn);可以降低供應(yīng)鏈整體的運(yùn)營(yíng)成本。但是對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈的有效管理需要鏈上各成員之間建立良好的合作關(guān)系,進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)的信息共享,因此,成功的供應(yīng)鏈管理,需要供應(yīng)鏈上各成員對(duì)與庫(kù)存、最終的客戶服務(wù)水方面達(dá)成一致,并且要開(kāi)誠(chéng)布公,站在供應(yīng)鏈的高度來(lái)看待問(wèn)題,共同解決問(wèn)題。第二節(jié)求鏈管理理Lambert等把需求鏈管理定義為:“對(duì)從最終用戶直至初始供應(yīng)商的、基于客戶價(jià)值的,提品、服務(wù)及信息的業(yè)務(wù)過(guò)程集成”。需求鏈包括了從供應(yīng)商到制造商再到最終顧客的網(wǎng)絡(luò)[1]。在需求鏈的各環(huán)節(jié),包括制造商、分銷(xiāo)商、零售商等以顧客的實(shí)際需求為,進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)和制造以及庫(kù)存的管理,需求鏈的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)(制造商、批發(fā)商、分銷(xiāo)商、零售商)都要根據(jù)顧客實(shí)際的需求來(lái)生產(chǎn)或管理庫(kù)存,即它代表了一種“拉”的配送流。所以,需求鏈管理以創(chuàng)造、培養(yǎng)和滿足客戶需求為目標(biāo),提品的同時(shí)進(jìn)行服務(wù)咨詢(xún)、服務(wù)實(shí)施并不斷進(jìn)行服務(wù)追蹤的網(wǎng)絡(luò)鏈。這種基于客戶需求為的需求鏈的管理需要先進(jìn)的信息系統(tǒng)的支撐,高效的響應(yīng)機(jī)制,基于顧客實(shí)際需求的供應(yīng)商、制造商和顧客之間要更緊密的協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)作,所以需求鏈管理不僅僅與物流有關(guān),還包括了學(xué)、市場(chǎng)學(xué)、供應(yīng)鏈整合、信息化建設(shè)、流程再造等相關(guān)活動(dòng)。目前,把顧客需求為進(jìn)行的規(guī)劃、、產(chǎn)品制作和高效快速的響應(yīng)已經(jīng)成為了需求鏈管理產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),需求鏈管理也成為了很多企業(yè)的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力之一,在許多行業(yè)被認(rèn)為是創(chuàng)造競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)最有力的工具之一。大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。只有將定制化了的產(chǎn)品運(yùn)送到顧客手中,才能贏得的客戶。另一方面,99%,15%左右的交付等各種環(huán)節(jié)的系列活動(dòng)的管理,但二者之間仍然存在著重大區(qū)別。WalMart、DELL、Seven-Eleven等,消費(fèi)者處于接受的地位。但隨著產(chǎn)品個(gè)性化需求式”管理。推動(dòng)式的供應(yīng)鏈以制造產(chǎn)品為。通過(guò)對(duì)是常規(guī)的預(yù)測(cè),了解市場(chǎng)對(duì)特定產(chǎn)品的需求數(shù)量進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。通常把歷史數(shù)據(jù)、季節(jié)性、周期性、特殊等較為容易的數(shù),它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)顧客個(gè)性化需求的管理地把顧客的潛在需求及時(shí)反饋給設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)部應(yīng)鏈管理通常采取式管理它通過(guò)一個(gè)企業(yè)將上下游企業(yè)以不同的方式在一起,ERP,第一代物第一代物 建其中是蘇寧的,隨著蘇寧的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不斷擴(kuò)大,為更好地為各級(jí)市場(chǎng)的客1-1: 信息驅(qū)SAPERP前期信息ERP第二代物 建第三代物 建式實(shí)踐發(fā)展有了較為深入的了解,并參閱大量的蘇寧電器管第二代物 建第三代物 建第一節(jié)景介

第三章例蘇寧電器創(chuàng)立于1990年的,經(jīng)過(guò)20余年的發(fā)展,已經(jīng)從單一的空調(diào)零售商發(fā)展成為了中國(guó)3C(家電、IT、消費(fèi)類(lèi)電子)家電連鎖零售企業(yè)的領(lǐng)先者。最初,創(chuàng)業(yè)資本只有10余萬(wàn),店面只有200余平米,但是根據(jù)蘇寧電器2011年年報(bào)顯示,至年底,據(jù)蘇寧電器已在256個(gè)地級(jí)以上城市擁有連鎖店共計(jì)1,684家,其中規(guī)店1,532家、精品店17家、縣鎮(zhèn)店134家、樂(lè)購(gòu)仕生活廣場(chǎng)店1家,連鎖店面積合計(jì)達(dá)682.88萬(wàn)平方米,比上年同期增長(zhǎng)32.32%。自創(chuàng)立以來(lái),蘇寧電器經(jīng)歷過(guò)三次三次創(chuàng)新,從最初的單一空調(diào)經(jīng)營(yíng)到綜合家電發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)向零售并走家電連鎖化道路,2000年以后又轉(zhuǎn)向建設(shè),用先進(jìn)的信息系統(tǒng)來(lái)支撐蘇寧的發(fā)展。至2009年,蘇寧電器位居“中國(guó)連鎖百?gòu)?qiáng)”榜,成為了中國(guó)最大的商業(yè)零售企業(yè)。而國(guó)美電器、百聯(lián)分別位居第二、三位。蘇寧的成長(zhǎng)與發(fā)展已被研究者總結(jié)為“蘇寧模式”,好多高校的市場(chǎng)課程中也會(huì)提及蘇寧這一案例作為研究和探討蘇寧的成長(zhǎng)已企業(yè)發(fā)展史上一個(gè)十分值得關(guān)注的信息化系統(tǒng)。作為一家民營(yíng)企業(yè),沒(méi)有強(qiáng)大的背景支撐,創(chuàng)業(yè)初期沒(méi)有雄厚的實(shí)力,第二節(jié)信息驅(qū)動(dòng)的需求鏈管理模式增多之后,需要進(jìn)行信息化來(lái)支持蘇寧的運(yùn)營(yíng),從而支持蘇寧的整個(gè)活動(dòng)。需要相應(yīng)的組織架構(gòu)的支撐。2000ERP系統(tǒng),為此進(jìn)行了一次組織結(jié)構(gòu)2005年左右,此時(shí),蘇寧已經(jīng)完成了第一次信息化系第三節(jié)蘇寧信息驅(qū)動(dòng)的需求鏈管理模式實(shí)踐路一、發(fā)展模(12蘇寧一二三四級(jí)市場(chǎng)分布圖的商圈,尋找指點(diǎn)城市并控制城市。每進(jìn)入一個(gè)城市,先進(jìn)軍其商圈,再以之、在這樣的連鎖發(fā)展模式下,目前蘇寧在發(fā)展建立起了28個(gè)大區(qū)、100多個(gè)子公司,形成了北至哈爾濱南至廣州西至東至寧波的橫向連鎖網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu);體系;在同一城市的不同區(qū)域,形成了從商圈的3C旗艦店到次商圈的中心店,再到社、、寧又提出做品類(lèi)研究的專(zhuān)家,2009年,蘇寧在其總部成立專(zhuān)門(mén)的自主產(chǎn)品研發(fā)中心,“事長(zhǎng)張近東蘇寧搞自營(yíng),完全是建立在消費(fèi)者和市場(chǎng)需求的基礎(chǔ)上,是奔著提高銷(xiāo)售第一的原則。這增加了消費(fèi)者的產(chǎn)品品類(lèi)的選擇,使蘇寧獲得了的顧客基礎(chǔ),“(EXPO始大力發(fā)展旗艦店,并推出了3C模式至2006年,蘇寧進(jìn)行了第四代“3C+旗艦店”的3C+旗艦店不僅使消費(fèi)者享受到的服務(wù)和體驗(yàn),對(duì)于蘇寧而言可以通過(guò)搜集顧客接、、、、委托發(fā)等方在重慶長(zhǎng)春島等數(shù)個(gè)一、二級(jí)市場(chǎng)商圈力推進(jìn)自建艦店開(kāi)發(fā)。實(shí)“雙軌制,在傳門(mén)店方面,續(xù)維持并優(yōu)化廠家終人員合的方式對(duì)部精品與鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)店店面進(jìn)“端自營(yíng)。蘇寧已經(jīng)始嘗試對(duì)松系列、惠而系、法迪歐系列,以及系進(jìn)行化能力,且上游供應(yīng)商產(chǎn)研發(fā)過(guò)程中遇到的際有了會(huì)、、、、第三,蘇寧不斷提高連鎖店面銷(xiāo)售人員的服務(wù)能力。在過(guò)去,蘇寧作為一個(gè)銷(xiāo)售這樣的能力逐漸無(wú)法匹配,要給客戶提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù),必須在產(chǎn)品的服務(wù)如蘇寧的產(chǎn)品能力跟家電生產(chǎn)商有著一定程度上的產(chǎn)局,蘇寧希望通過(guò)自主產(chǎn)品的研發(fā),鍛煉出采購(gòu)人員的產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)、能力以及終端零售人員的銷(xiāo)、產(chǎn)品的銷(xiāo)售并按季節(jié)打款包銷(xiāo)是指零售商生產(chǎn)商的產(chǎn)品再在相應(yīng)的賣(mài)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行銷(xiāo)售。模式,即蘇寧電器與上游供應(yīng)商如惠普、海爾等企業(yè)直接簽訂直供合作協(xié)議。直供合作模式可以減少的中間環(huán)節(jié),使讓利的空間更為巨大,使消費(fèi)者享受的。此外,。華盛、普天泰利三家企業(yè)合作,獨(dú)家銷(xiāo)售索尼愛(ài)立信的兩款3G—W508(定位與時(shí)型涵蓋了幾乎所有品類(lèi)。蘇寧還致力于的定制采購(gòu)和銷(xiāo)售。2010年,蘇寧與日本先鋒(影音及光盤(pán)技術(shù)的世界先驅(qū))在舉行合作簽約先鋒在家用視聽(tīng)持。雙方還將依托蘇寧旗下的鐳射和LAOX等銷(xiāo)售,加強(qiáng)雙方在和海外市。,人工管理效率的低下,使蘇寧必須引入高效實(shí)用的高科技管理信息,率,1996年,蘇寧和鼓樓稅務(wù)局聯(lián)合開(kāi)發(fā)了銷(xiāo)售業(yè)務(wù)與財(cái)務(wù)聯(lián)網(wǎng)的開(kāi)票系統(tǒng),蘇寧成1999年至2005,蘇寧開(kāi)始啟動(dòng)ERP系統(tǒng),自主開(kāi)發(fā)與二次開(kāi)發(fā)相結(jié)合,建立了擁 服”的服務(wù)鏈條,四大終端構(gòu)成了“金字塔”式的服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò),前臺(tái)的銷(xiāo)售與的服務(wù)緊密溝通以及信息的傳遞,蘇寧還構(gòu)建了內(nèi)部Voip系統(tǒng)、平臺(tái)和會(huì)議系統(tǒng)。信息系統(tǒng)的實(shí)施為蘇寧節(jié)約了大量的成本,年節(jié)約成本超過(guò)20%Voip年節(jié)省的費(fèi)就達(dá)1000多萬(wàn)元,成為了企業(yè)提高利潤(rùn)的一大重要因素。、ERP系統(tǒng)全面升級(jí),完全集著更大的管理難題。如蘇寧的各項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)如進(jìn)銷(xiāo)存、財(cái)務(wù)、OA系統(tǒng)、人力資源系統(tǒng)以及B2B系統(tǒng)、B2C系統(tǒng),雖各自都有一定的集,但沒(méi)有形成的完全集成,這使蘇寧益與節(jié)約控制,協(xié)調(diào)各區(qū)靈活運(yùn)作與協(xié)調(diào),蘇寧從2004年開(kāi)始醞釀ERP系統(tǒng)的全面升級(jí)。2005年,蘇寧決定現(xiàn)有的信息系統(tǒng),按照國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一步到位建立高度集成與現(xiàn)代化的信息系統(tǒng)。7SAP/ERP系統(tǒng)升級(jí)項(xiàng)目正式啟動(dòng)。20064月,德國(guó)SAP公司、IBM咨詢(xún)業(yè)務(wù)服務(wù)部和蘇寧電器在蘇寧電器總部聯(lián)合宣布蘇寧電器SAP/ERP成功實(shí)施上線。該工程創(chuàng)下了全球零售業(yè)SAP實(shí)施規(guī)模最大、實(shí)施周期最短兩項(xiàng)記錄。SAP寧可節(jié)約采購(gòu)成本35%以上,尤其是庫(kù)存成本節(jié)約80%以上。SAP/ERP系統(tǒng)全面升級(jí)了與供應(yīng)商對(duì)接的B2B系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)交流、自動(dòng)下單、補(bǔ)貨、自三、蘇寧組織架構(gòu)調(diào)整與組織架構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)行必須基于的目標(biāo),滿足的要求組織結(jié)構(gòu)的和組織文化的再造同步進(jìn)行,通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整來(lái)創(chuàng)造和發(fā)現(xiàn)組織文化的時(shí)機(jī),同時(shí),亦通過(guò)對(duì)文化的繼承和揚(yáng)棄來(lái)為組織開(kāi)辟道路;充分考慮的跟進(jìn)和支持和優(yōu)化對(duì)縱管理流和橫向作流進(jìn)行了科合理的工和從形定在行組織構(gòu)調(diào)整同時(shí)蘇寧充分認(rèn)識(shí)了設(shè)的重性蘇寧每進(jìn)入一城市布下個(gè)點(diǎn)之即進(jìn)行建管等管理可以持運(yùn)營(yíng)才”(配送中心、中心)組織結(jié)。大即形成14個(gè)28個(gè)管理大區(qū)和數(shù)百個(gè)的三級(jí)矩陣式組織架構(gòu)。3-2,蘇寧組織架構(gòu)演變(2000)2006年蘇寧再次進(jìn)行了規(guī)模浩大的組織架構(gòu),將十四大中心合并,并增加部分關(guān)鍵職能,形成四大管理總部,并設(shè)立8個(gè)地區(qū)管理總部,35個(gè)地區(qū),該組織架構(gòu)演3-3,蘇寧組織架構(gòu)演變(2006)、中期廠商合作,專(zhuān)業(yè)化服務(wù),規(guī)?;?jīng)營(yíng)(1990年至90年代中期在與上游供應(yīng)商建立良好關(guān)系的同時(shí)良好的服務(wù)也成為了蘇寧創(chuàng)業(yè)初期重要的價(jià)值來(lái)源和最強(qiáng)大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),并且通過(guò)服務(wù)逐步創(chuàng)立了品牌信譽(yù)。當(dāng)時(shí)的批發(fā)商注重的建了服務(wù)安裝隊(duì)伍并采取了的開(kāi)創(chuàng)性舉動(dòng)開(kāi)啟了關(guān)于保障的先河。至1993年,蘇寧專(zhuān)做客戶的服務(wù)隊(duì)伍已逾300人。,在蘇寧電器發(fā)展初期,就已深入了解到消費(fèi)者的需求消費(fèi)者的不是產(chǎn)中擊退了傳統(tǒng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,確立了蘇寧在空調(diào)市場(chǎng)地位。,、競(jìng)合模式創(chuàng)新:建立全協(xié)同競(jìng)爭(zhēng)模式(90年代中期至末期20世紀(jì)90年代中期-90年代末的中國(guó)家電市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)出供大于求的狀態(tài),空調(diào)、冰場(chǎng)之外生產(chǎn)廠家開(kāi)始剝離層層的商分銷(xiāo)商和經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商廠商之間的利益凸顯出來(lái)。三、21商、供銷(xiāo)商等。但是開(kāi)設(shè)專(zhuān)賣(mài)店、直營(yíng)店的成本都很高,在2005年前后,家電連鎖業(yè)開(kāi)始起步,2005年以后,看好這一行業(yè)的投資者紛紛介入,走上了跑馬圈地的擴(kuò)張布局之模式+消費(fèi)者體驗(yàn)?zāi)J綖橹行?快速擴(kuò)張連鎖模式++嘗試自營(yíng)模式。所采取的幾個(gè)2009搞促銷(xiāo)完全是蘇寧的事情,賣(mài)不出公司自擔(dān)責(zé)任”[3]所指就是店面形成以消費(fèi)者為導(dǎo)向的服務(wù)能力,探索自營(yíng)模式,與工廠之間建立簡(jiǎn)單的關(guān)系。而傳統(tǒng)的“聯(lián)營(yíng)”模式的講利益分成。蘇寧推進(jìn)自營(yíng)亦是小步快走,先在精品店、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)店、社區(qū)店以及新進(jìn)的LAOX“在家電連鎖發(fā)展初期,家電零售商都把目光瞄準(zhǔn)了各城市的商圈。為此,蘇寧采取法,自2000年開(kāi)始構(gòu)建第一代物流配送中心。2002年建立自己的智能配送中心,2003年進(jìn)化、優(yōu)化和之后,最終形成了一個(gè)中心兩個(gè)同心圓的服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理體系:、第二代物流建設(shè)——一級(jí)配送分撥服在共建立物流配送中心50個(gè),完成了在一級(jí)城市的布局,進(jìn)入了部分二、三級(jí)城市,化配送等,兼具城市配送和區(qū)域調(diào)撥功能。采用了貨架、電動(dòng)托盤(pán)車(chē)、搬運(yùn)車(chē)、用裝有GPRS全球的車(chē)輛進(jìn)行配送。(2)、第三代物流建設(shè)——二級(jí)配送服在完成了三級(jí)市場(chǎng)的物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)收編之后,2007年,蘇寧提出了建設(shè)第三代物流基蘇寧的網(wǎng)絡(luò)布局需要蘇寧加快對(duì)物流體系的與優(yōu)化。系統(tǒng)建設(shè)以“網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成化、作業(yè)機(jī)械化、管理信息化”為發(fā)展目標(biāo),在若干大中城市建立了以區(qū)域物流中心為的倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)和長(zhǎng)途網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在各地建立城市配送中心、配送點(diǎn),1100180的三級(jí)體系,日最大配送能力154(試)運(yùn)營(yíng)階段,6122015的50-60個(gè)物流建設(shè)。目前,蘇寧電器在擁有3大物流、52個(gè)區(qū)域配送中心、29162243第一節(jié):蘇寧電器研究發(fā),家電行業(yè)已經(jīng)很難奏效。近年來(lái)而一些家電巨頭的區(qū)域地位難以撼動(dòng),國(guó)內(nèi)中小家電都一、主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)收入方200120022003200420052006200720082009201041蘇寧營(yíng)業(yè)總收入、凈利潤(rùn)統(tǒng)計(jì)(2001-42蘇寧凈利潤(rùn)增速折線圖(2001-發(fā)展之后,2004年提出了ERP系統(tǒng)的全面升級(jí)。2005年蘇寧決定原有的ERP系統(tǒng),按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與IBM等公司共同合作,開(kāi)發(fā)構(gòu)建高度集成和現(xiàn)代化的信息系統(tǒng)。7月其二、費(fèi)用率方200920082007200620052004蘇國(guó)4-34-3ERP系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化升級(jí)時(shí),蘇寧的費(fèi)用率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于國(guó)美SAP2007年蘇寧的費(fèi)用率有2008年實(shí)施了按照國(guó)家政策的調(diào)整實(shí)施了“家電下鄉(xiāng)”政策,總成本投入大大增加,因此,蘇寧的費(fèi)用率沒(méi)有大幅度降低。而國(guó)美電器這幾年一直側(cè)重于門(mén)店的擴(kuò)張和宣傳,幾乎沒(méi)有進(jìn)行建設(shè),費(fèi)用率隨著市場(chǎng)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大而不斷增加。三、毛利率方200920082007200620052004蘇國(guó)4-44-4可以看出,、年兩年,蘇寧和國(guó)美的毛利率相似,不到國(guó)外大型電ERP10%。四、凈利潤(rùn)方200920082007200620052004蘇國(guó)4-5構(gòu)建需要投入大量的:一方面,電腦、系統(tǒng)軟件等硬件設(shè)備的投入成本很高;另一IBM進(jìn)相應(yīng)的IT人才進(jìn)行SAP系統(tǒng)的實(shí)施和;在SAP系統(tǒng)運(yùn)營(yíng)前期蘇寧需要投入一定的資SAPSAP第二節(jié)例研究意僅僅圍繞著客戶需求,把作為,信息化作為驅(qū)動(dòng),在進(jìn)行組織架構(gòu)的調(diào)整與,一、基于客戶需求的策一位。在需求鏈管理中,各企業(yè)也需要把客戶需求置于位置??蛻粜枨笾傅牟粌H僅是客戶對(duì)產(chǎn)品的需求,更指的是客戶在產(chǎn)品的同時(shí)需要的其他服務(wù)需求。如客戶在造了蘇寧良好的品牌形象,使蘇寧獲得了的消費(fèi)者的青睞。為了給客戶提供更好的客上連鎖店的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和的經(jīng)營(yíng),使蘇寧可以全面及時(shí)地掌握市場(chǎng)的需求信息。在游集結(jié),為易購(gòu)提供一個(gè)成技術(shù)環(huán)境與支持。,信息化的目的主要有:一、為了更好地支持各項(xiàng)活動(dòng),因?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)信息系統(tǒng)人員可以實(shí)時(shí)地了解庫(kù)存、訂單、等情況,從而采取相應(yīng)的策略,在提供客戶服2006,三、組織結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和是信息化的必要條產(chǎn)商進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng),而是從批發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)向零售,走上了家電連鎖化道路。至2000年蘇寧確立了連鎖發(fā)展道路之后逐步探索除了連鎖經(jīng)營(yíng)和供應(yīng)鏈管理的方B2BB2C對(duì)接,提高了市場(chǎng)反應(yīng)效率。蘇寧上線的B2B系統(tǒng)解決的主要是采購(gòu)協(xié)同、財(cái)務(wù)及付款B2BSAP/ERPSAP隨著蘇寧從一二級(jí)市場(chǎng)向三四級(jí)市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)張,并于2008年進(jìn)入農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)后,蘇寧的銷(xiāo)售網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)遍布各地,這需要更好更規(guī)范的物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的支撐。網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)化升級(jí)、的數(shù)據(jù)從而更好地預(yù)測(cè)客戶的需求提供更優(yōu)質(zhì)的客戶服務(wù)如蘇寧以SAP為的ERP系統(tǒng)提升了內(nèi)部運(yùn)營(yíng)能力,提升了合作伙伴和客戶的價(jià)值。而B(niǎo)2B和B2C對(duì)接的商務(wù)系統(tǒng)拉近了蘇寧與消費(fèi)者之間的距離;24小時(shí)的呼叫中心接入系統(tǒng),使蘇寧能夠?yàn)榭蛻籼?、度等一系列特點(diǎn)。一直以來(lái),家電行業(yè)的物流遞送一直存在著遞送速度慢、安裝等方面的問(wèn)題,這在很大程度上是由于基礎(chǔ)投入不足偏弱造成的。這些問(wèn)題的存在不能流的建設(shè)作為其重要的發(fā)展策略之一在自營(yíng)物流體系建設(shè)方面進(jìn)行了一系列富有開(kāi)創(chuàng)、蘇寧的以信息化為驅(qū)動(dòng)的需求鏈管理模式不僅僅對(duì)我國(guó)的家電連鎖企業(yè)有著深刻的啟迪意義樣地對(duì)我國(guó)其他行的企業(yè)有著鑒作用這些企需要具以下幾個(gè)條件一以連鎖展為標(biāo)蘇寧之以對(duì)需進(jìn)行管理是為隨著連鎖化業(yè)的發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)營(yíng)式使其很難客戶需求進(jìn)把和管理,必須對(duì)需鏈進(jìn)行管理二足夠的現(xiàn)流論是信系統(tǒng)的建還是應(yīng)鏈合或是物體系設(shè)都需要入巨大的人力物力力三處于業(yè)同期長(zhǎng)階段當(dāng)?shù)纳芴幱谠鲭A段時(shí)及地需求鏈管理以幫助業(yè)進(jìn)一取得行領(lǐng)先地對(duì)需求鏈管理不盲目跟需找到適合自企業(yè)的理模式企業(yè)需鏈管沒(méi)有好的模式只有合不合供應(yīng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)、信息系統(tǒng)必適合企業(yè)的際需要。需鏈管理要有準(zhǔn)確的識(shí),以客戶求為,對(duì)求鏈中的 策信息化供應(yīng)鏈物體系、組架構(gòu)等行管理。 ,本是在我的導(dǎo)師——高峻峻老師的悉心指導(dǎo)下完成的在擬定了的中抽出時(shí)間討論我的,她不僅僅在寫(xiě)作方面給以我莫大的指點(diǎn)嚴(yán),,。需求鏈管理的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題及發(fā)展模式[J].經(jīng)營(yíng)理,2006,37-,.全方位打造“海陸空”商業(yè)體系[N].人物,2011,消費(fèi)電子:[J2009742-J].現(xiàn)代商貿(mào)工業(yè),2010,8:263-265.[J],2008,03:23-.現(xiàn)代物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建[M].:科學(xué),2005:50-[J]20091:33-,.由蘇寧物流配送模式的思考[J].管理案例,2008,06:30-[D],2007,0337-Ericsson,D..Orion,Demandchainmanagement--Theimplementation.2011,Vol.27Issue2,p119-145,27p,Ming-HonHwang;HsinRau.,HumanSystemsManagement,2007,Vol.26Issue1,p23-33,11pHumanSystemsManagement26(2007)23–33IOSPressEstablishmentofacustomer-orientedmodelfordemandchainMing-HonHwanga,bandHsinRauaDepartmentofInformationManagement,DiwanCollegeofbDepartmentofIndustrialEngineering,ChungYuanChristian.Thisstudyattemptstosolveproblemsencounteredintraditionalsupplychaindesign,including:productsnotbeingdesignedormanufacturedaccordingtocustomerneeds;lowprofitorover-crowdedcompetitorsinthechosentargetmarket,andsbetweentheobjectivesforeachmemberofthesupplychain.Moreover,thisstudy mendsamodelforcalculatingtheobjectivesfortheoveralldemandchainandforeachmember.Thismodelizestheoveralldemandchainperformancebysatisfyingcustomerneeds.Itnotonlygivesdemandchainmembersforvalueaddingdirection,butalsomonitorsthemembersduringexecution.Theproposedmodelprovidesimmediatecorrectiveactionifanymembersofthedemandchaindeviatefromthe:Demandchainmanagement,customer-oriented,supplychainmanagement,Theaccelerationofinformation,in-creasingglobalcompetitionanddiversitiesincustomerneedsandthethreatsofrisingcosts,fallingprofitsanduncertaintyintheenvironmentfactorsimplythatmanycorporationshavehadtostrengthentheircorecompetitiveness,andoutsourceotherfunctionstoothercountriesinordertodecreasescosts[1],finallyformingglobalcompetitionbetweensupplychains.Supplychainmembersincreasevaluefortheircustomer,andhencegaincompetitiveadvantages,throughseamlessintegrationandcoordination.Thisapproachformsawin-winstatusamongthechainmembers,ratherthanwin-loseorlose-loserelation.Therefore,membersinthesupplychainnotonlystrengthentheircorecompetitiveness,butalsoneedtodevelopstrategiesamongthemselves,toreducecostandtoincreaseproductvalue.Supplychainmanagement(SCM)hasreceivedincreasingattentionrecently.CookandRogowski[2]haveconcludedthatajust-in-timestrategycanimprovemanufacturingcapabilityandefficiency,reducelead-time,increaseon-timedelivery,improveefficiencyinmovementofmaterialandreducewasteintime.Hammeletal.[3] mendadoptingPull-Pull-PullinsteadofPull-Push-Pull.Pull-Pull-Pullhasallowedtoincreaseitson-timedeliveryrate,qualityandprofit.Schrader[4]concludedthatthecross-dockingapproachusedbyWal-Martenablesgoodstobedeliveredrapidlyfromthewarehousetoeachstore,significantlyreducingsalescost,andprovidingcustomerswithlow-pricedgoods.Manycurrentstudiesonsupplychainmanagement,suchasthosementionedabove,focusontheproductionconceptorientationforsupplychaindesignandmanagement.Productionconceptorientationmeansefficientlyintegratingsupplychainmembers,suchasrawmaterialrs,manufacturers,distributorsandretailers,toproducehigh-valueproductsorservices,whilealsominimizingthecostfortheoverallsupplychain.However,suchadesignmightcauseproblem.Forinstance,theproductsmightnotbedesignedordevelopedtottheactualneedsofthecustomer;thetargetmarketmightbefilledwithtoomanyexistingcompetitors,makingitunprofitable;coordinationbetweenproductionandmarketingmightbedifficult,ductionmodewithlimitedproducttypeandmasstyhasmovedfurtherawayfromactualcustomerneeds.Customersaremoreandmoredemandingalargervarietyofindividualizedproducttypesinlimitedties.Customerstendtoacceptproductsorservicesthataredifferentfromothersavailable,andthecurrentsupplychainmodehas einadequateforsatisfyingcustomerneeds,leadingtothedevelopmentoftheconceptofdemandchainmanagement(DCM).Numerousacademicshave einterestedinDCM.Trevilleetal.[5]seesDCMasatypeofSCM,butwithenhancedmarketingtechniques,whilealsoensuringaphysicalproductwithenhancedsupplyefficiency.FrohlichandWestbrook[6]deniedDCMasthetaskofmanagingandcoordinatingthesupplychainfromthecustomertother.Williamsetal.[7]mentionedthatDCMinvolvesintegrationamongr,manufacturerandcustomerbasedonphysicaldistributionandinformationtransfertoimprovecustomerservice.Vollmannetal.[8]believesthattheconceptofSCMshouldberecedbythatofDCM.SupplyefficiencyinSCMmustbetransferredtoconceptsrelatedtothesatisfactionofcustomerneeds.Fromtheabove,themaindifferencebetweenDCMandSCMisthatinSCM,theprocessmovesfromupstreamtodownstream,withcustomerneedsbeingestimatedfromthe ,whileDCMtakestheoppositeapproachandmovestheprocessfromdownstreamtoupstream.Thus,DCMemphasizesandutilizestheconceptofprogressivemasscustomization.Zeleny[9]believesthatmasscustomizationrepresentsnewwayofdesigning,producing,sellinganddistributinggoodsandservices:individualizedfittedandcustomizedforindividualcustomers,yetprovidedattachedcostofmass-produced,standardized,off-the-shelfitems.Asthepointofcustomerinterventionmovessteadilyupstream,fromthepointofpurchasetothepointoforder,thesupplychainisprogressivelytransformedintoademandchain.Thisstudyproposesacustomer-orientedandcoordinatedmodelfordemandchainmanagement.Theterm“customer-oriented”meansthatallstrategicdevelopmentisbasedoncustomerneed.Ademandchainmustfightfortheleadingpositiontogaincompetitiveadvantagewhenfacingcompetitionfromotherdemandchains.Toachievethisaim,theend-customermustbesatisfiedwiththeproductorservices,becausetheend-customerpaysthemoney(Fig.1).The“coordinate“meansthatthemembers’objectivesofthedemandchainmustbecoordinatedbeforetheirvalue-addedactivitiesinordertoizetheoveralldemandchainperformance.Inreality,satisfyingallkindofcustomersisnotpossiblewithlimitedresources.Therefore,toizetheprofit,thedemandchainmustfocusoneparticulargroupofcustomers.Besides,eachmemberofthedemandchainfocusesitsresourcesonsatisfyingthetargetcustomers,whichalsohelpstomaintainacommontargetandavoidinconsistentobjectivesamongmembers.Therestofthispaperisorganizedasfollows.Section2describestheconcept,anddevelopsthecustomer-orientedandcoordinatedmodelfordemandchainmanagement.Section3thendescribeshowtocomputethedemandchain’scompetitiveness,andbuildupobjectivesforoveralldemandchainandforeachmember.ConclusionsarefinallydrawninSection4.Thissectionfirstdiscussescustomer-orientationandcoordinationindemandchaindesign,thenbuildsamodelforthedemandchainmanagement,anddiscussesitscontext.BasicDespitesignificantevidencethatSCMbenefitsfirms,manyobstaclestoitexist.Theseproblemscanbesolvedthroughtheconceptofdemandchain.Demandchainreferstotheseriesofactivities,suchasmanufacturinganddistributing,whichleadstoend-customersatisfaction[10].Vollmannetal.[11]emphasizedthatthedemandchainsatisfiescustomerneeds,particularlytheneedsofspecificmarketsegments,ratherthanseekingtooptimizethesupplychain.Thesupplychainfocusesonsupplyofmaterials,whilethedemandchainfocusesonmarketdemand.However,thedemandandsupplychainshavethesamemembersandbasicconcepts.Therefore,thestrategiesusedinSCMcanalsobeappliedtodemandchainmanagement(DCM).TraceyandTan[12]concludedthatsupplychainmanagementcanprovideasustainablecompetitiveadvantagebyenablingthemanufacturertopleasecustomersbyimprovingproductofferingsandserviceswhilesimultaneouslyreducingcost.Fromuppermanagement’s,theultimateaimofsupplychainmanagementistoattainhighlevelsofcustomersatisfaction.However,asmentionedearlier,productsandservicesfromthesupplychaincannotsatisfyallcustomers.Tosolvethisproblem,customersareclassifiedintodifferentsegments,sothatthecustomersinoneormoresegmentscanbesatisfied.Manystudieshave mendedtakingthesupplychainasavirtualentity[13–15].KetchenandLarry[16]foundastrongcorrelationbetweenstrategicmanagementandsupplychainmanagement.Therefore,thisstudypositsthatthemarketsegmentationstrategyappliedinmarketingtheorycouldalsobeappliedtoDCM.Smith[17]firstpresentedtheconceptofmarketsegmentation,whichpositsthatcustomerneedsareheterogeneous.Hence,customersshouldbeclassifiedintodifferentsub-markets,basedontheirvariousneeds.Thefocusedsub-marketisthenregardedasthetargetmarket.McCarthy[18]furtherfoundthreebenefitsfrommarketsegmentation:customerswithintargetmarketaresatisfied;profits,marketshareandrevenueareraised,and withlargescalecancreateamonopolyinthetargetavoidingcompetitionwithotherAftermarketsegmentation,thedemandchainhastoyzeeachsub-markettoobtainsufficientinnerandouterenvironmentalinformation.Thesub-marketwiththelowestcost,highestprofitandhighestprobabilityofachievingthetargetisthenchosenasthetargetmarket.Eachmembercanthenconcentrateitsresourcesonthetargetmarket.Toensurethattheallcustomerneedsinthistargetmarketaresatisfied,demandchainneedstocalculatetheobjectivefortheoveralldemandchainandforeachmember.Then,aswellasstrengtheningeachmember’scorecompetitiveness,allmembersco-operatewitheachothertodevelopvariousstrategiesforreducingcostandincreasingefficiencyoftheirvalue-addingoperations,thushelthememberstoachieveorevenexceedtheobjective.Followingthevalue-addingoperations,thedemandchainneedstoandoutwhethertheobjectivehasbeenachievedbyperformanceevaluationoftheoveralldemandchainandofeachmember.OttandKotzab[19]presentedtwometricsforevaluatingsupplychainperformance,namelytheprofitandthedegreetowhichhastheobjectivebeenachieved.Onedisadvantageofthefirstmethodisthattheprofitisdifficulttocomputewithnumerouscompaniesinvariouslocationswithdifferentproblems.Therefore,thisstudyusesthesecondmethodtoevaluatedemandchainperformance.Finally,performanceevaluationhastwopossibleresults.Thefirstresultisthatthedemandchainachievestheobjective.Inthatcase,profitsharingandriskpoolingshouldbeoperatedaspromised.Thesecondresultisthatthedemandchainfailstoachievetheobjectives.Inthiscase,thecausesoftheproblemmustbefound.Theproblemmayoccurinthevalueaddingactivities,orinsettingtheobjectives.ContentoftheBasedontheaboveconceptsmentionedabove,thisstudybuildsacustomer-orientedandcoordinatedmodelfordemandchainmanagement(Fig.2),asdescribedbelow.MarketsegmentationThisphasedescribeshowthesegmentationvariablesarechosen,andhowtheyareusedinclassifyingtheend-consumerwithinasub-market.Manystudiesproposegeographic,demographic,andpsychographicorbehaviorvariablesformarketsegmentation.However,benefitsegmentationisaneffectivevariableforimprovingcustomersatisfaction[20].Haley[20]hasconcludedthatdescriptivevariables,suchasgeographicanddemographicvariables,canonlyyzedatafromthepast,andhavelittleeffectontheforecastoffutureconsumerbehaviors.Acustomerpurchasesaproductoraservicebecausethefunctionorservicethatitprovidessatisfieshisneed–thecustomerdoesnotbuytheproductforitsownsake.Anyproductorservicecanbeconsideredasacombinationofbenefits.Demandforadifferentcombinationofbenefitsrepresentsadifferentsegment.Wind[21]concludedthatthebenefitsegmentationbenefitsboththeconsumerandindustrialmarkets,andishighlystable.Therefore,eachsub-marketrepresentsthedemandofthespecifiedbenefitfromaclassifiedend-customer.Sub-marketyzeThemarketsegmentationphasedividesthewholemarketintovarioussub-markets.Thenextstepyzestheinnerandouterenvironmentfactorsforeachsub-market.ngsoistoprovideinformationforthenextphase(i.e.,choosingtargetmarketphase).MinandZhou[22]observedthat,althoughobjectivesettingisthefirststepofbuildingupasupplychainmodel,butthesupplychainmodelbuildershouldfirstdefinethemaindrivingofthesupplychain.Thesub-marketyzephasemustinvestigatethemaindriving.Thisphaseincludesfouritems:thefirstitemistounderstandthecustomervalueinvariousmarketsegmentationsandthepotentialprofitofmarketsegmentation.Duetothelimitationsofthedemandchain’sresource,productscannotpleaseallcustomers.Ashouldthereforeconcentrateitsresourcesonaspecificmarketsegmentationinwhichthecustomervalueforthedemandchainandthepotentialprofitarethehighest.Customersindifferentsegmentationshavedifferentvalues:someareconcernedwithprice;someareconcernedwithproductorservicequality;somefocusondeliveryflexibility,whileothersareinterestedinafter-saleserviceorbrand.Inparticular,customersindifferentindustrieshavedifferentvalues.Forinstance,customersintransportationservicesaremostconcernedabouttime,whilecustomersofmanufacturingfirmsareprimarilyconcernedaboutaccuratespecificationdesign[23].Furthermore,productpricemaybethemostimportantcustomervalueinemergingmarkets,whereasproductbrandorqualitymaybethemostimportantinfirstworldcountries.Theseconditemisthecompetenceofotherdemandchaincompetitors.Beforedecidingthemarket,thecorecompetitiveadvantageoftheworld-classcompetitorsmustbeunderstoodtoavoiddirectcompetition.Thethirditemisthemissionandvisionofthewholedemandchainmembers.Futureidealsandlong-termobjectivemustbeconsidered,aswellastheshort-termprofitorthreats.Somestudiesusedthebalancedscorecardmethodtoevaluatetheperformanceofasupplychain[24–26]emphasizedthatthesupplychainmustbalancethelong-termandshorttermprofits.Theitemisthecompetitivenessofthewholedemandchain.Eachsub-marketrepresentsthedemandofanend-customerforaspecticbenet,implyingthatthecompetitivenessofademandchainindifferentsub-marketsalsovaries.Therefore,thedemandchainmustyzeitsowncompetitivenessineachsub-market.Inthiscase,thedemandchaincompetitivenessreferstothedegreetowhichtheneedsofademandchain’scustomersaresatisfiedascomparedwithotherdemandchainsinthesamesub-market.Section3discussesthemethodofcalculatingdemandchaincompetitivenessinsub-markets.ChoosingtargetmarketAfterthe“fouritems”ysisinthepreviousphase,themissionandvisionoftheoveralldemandchainareunderstood,alongwithcompetitionfromotherdemandchains,andthepotentialbenefit,customervalueandcompetitivenessofthewholedemandchainineachsub-market.MethodssuchastheJudgmentandDelphimethodsarethenappliedtochooseoneormoresubmarketsasdemandchaintargetmarkets.Thisphaseattemptstomeetthemissionandvisionofthedemandchain,avoidingcompetitionwithstrongcompetitors,izingpotentialprofits,and competitivenessofthedemandchainwithinthesub-market.BuildupandcoordinatetheobjectiveAlthoughthetargetmarketisdetermined,eachdemandchainmembermaystillhaveeachownobjectives.LeeandBillington[27]notedthateachsupplychainmemberhasitsownobjectives,whichmaybecontradictory,andwhichmightreducetheefficiencyofthewholesupplychain.Inthesamesituation,ademandchainmembermightaimtoreducecosts,andmightthusdecidetodecreasetheinventory,whilethedownstreamfirmisincreasingitsinventorytomaintainitscustomerservicequality.Thetotalcostmayrise,andconfidencebetweenmembersmayfallintheoveralldemandchain.Shapiro[28]discussedahealthcarefirmthatestablishedanewntwhileonlyconsideringtheoveralltransportationcost,withoutattemptingtominimizecostbyconsideringmanufacturingdecisionsacrossseveralnts.Simchi-Levietal.[29]concludedthatawholesupplychaincanbeoptimizedbyapplyingthebeststrategywhenfacingmarketuncertainty.Therefore,thisphaseadoptedmathematicalfunctionandgeneticalgorithmasthetoolstocalculatetheobjectivefortheoveralldemandchainandeachofthemembers,andizetheperformanceofoveralldemandchain,whilesimultaneouslysatisfyingtheend-customer’sneeds.Finally,thekeymemberofthedemandchaincoordinatesamongthememberstoachieveforeachoftheirobjectives.Section3discussesobjectivecalculationmethods.Inthisphase,allmembersusevariousfunctionalstrategiesandapproachestocooperate,coordinateorseamlesslyintegrateforthevalueaddingoftheproductorserviceundertheconditionofinformationtransparencyinthedemandchain.Amemberthatfindsadifficultyinachievingthebuiltobjectiveduringthevalueaddingoperationsneedtoreturntothepreviousphase(i.e.,buildupandcoordinatetheobjectivephase)tore-builditsobjectives.Bycontrast,ifallmembersagreetothebuiltobjective,thentheyinitiatethevalueaddingoperationtotheproducts.Theperformanceevaluationphaseisenteredattachedendoftheoperation.Currentlitureonthetraditionalproductionconceptorientationforsupplychaindesignemphasizesthisphase.MinandZhou[22]addressedissuesrelevanttoasupplychain,includinglocation-allocationdecisions,demandnning,distributionchannelnning,strategicalliances,newproductdevelopment,outsourcing,rselection,informationtechnologyselection,pricing,networkrestructuring,inventorycontrol,production/distributioncoordination,order/freightconsolidation,materialhandling,equipmentselection,layoutdesign,vehiclerouting/scheduling,workscheduling,recordkeeandpackaging.Insum,activitiesinthisphasefocusontheefficiencyupgrade.Theefficiencyreferstotheneedto“dothethingright”.PerformanceevaluatingInthisphase,thedemandchain,usingallperformancemeasurementsystemsormeasures,helpstoverifywhethermembersareInthegooddirectionandwhethertheobjectivehasbeencompleted.Iftheoveralldemandchainandeachmemberhaveachievedtheirobjectivessuccessfullyafterperformanceevaluation,thentheprofitsharingandriskpoolingoperationisinitiated.Bycontrast,anymemberthatfailstoachievetheobjectiveneedstoreturntotheprevious(i.e.,valueaddingphase),todetermineanymistakehasoccurredduringexecution.Manystudiesfocusontheresearchofthisactivity.Chan[23]consideredthattheobjectiveofperformancemeasurementismainlytoproposeallfeedbackandinformationtomeetcustomers’demandandstrategicobjectives.Whenfeedbacknotesanunsatisfactoryitem,italso mendshowtoimproveit,thusenhancingefficiencyandquality.Gunasekaranetal.[30]developedaframeworkformeasuringsupplychainperformance.Todiscusstheperformancemeasures,theirframeworkadoptsthesupplychainactivitiesandprocesses,suchasnning,sourcing,making/assemblyanddeliv

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論