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UnitedNations
NewYork,2023
ST/ESA/STAT/SER.E/6
DepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs
StatisticsDivision
StatisticsPapers
SeriesENo.6
2023
EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
CopyrightUnitedNations2023
Allrightsreserved
DepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs
TheDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsoftheUnitedNationsisavitalinterfacebetweenglobalpoliciesintheeconomic,socialandenvironmentalspheresandnationalaction.TheDepartmentworksinthreemaininterlinkedareas:(i)itcompiles,generatesandanalysesawiderangeofeconomic,socialandenvironmentaldataandinformationonwhichUnitedNationsMemberStatesdrawtoreviewcommonproblemsandtotakestockofpolicyoptions;(ii)itfacilitatesthenegotiationsofMemberStatesinmanyintergovernmentalbodiesonjointcoursesofactiontoaddressongoingoremergingglobalchallenges;and(iii)itadvisesinterestedGovernmentsonthewaysandmeansoftranslatingpolicyframeworksdevelopedinUnitedNationsconferencesandsummitsintoprogrammesatthecountryleveland,throughtechnicalassistance,helpsbuildnationalcapacities.
Note
ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthepresentpublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountryorofitsauthorities,orthedelimitationsofitsfrontiers.Theterm“country”asusedinthisreportalsorefers,asappropriate,toterritoriesorareas.Thedesignationsofcountrygroupsareintendedsolelyforstatisticaloranalyticalconvenienceanddonotnecessarilyexpressajudgementaboutthestagereachedbyaparticularcountry,territoryorareainthedevelopmentprocess.MentionofthenamesoffirmsandcommercialproductsdoesnotimplyendorsementbytheUnitedNations.ThesymbolsofUnitedNationsdocumentsarecomposedofcapitallettersandnumbers.
UnitedNationsPublications,405East42ndStreet,S-09FW001,NewYork,NY10017USAEmail:publications@
Website:
ST/ESA/STAT/SER.E/6
Salesnumber:E.23.XVII.1
printISBN9789212592244
PDFISBN9789210024389
printISSN2617-2828
onlineISSN2617-2836
iii
Content
Introduction…………………….........
Totalenergysupply…………………
Primaryenergyproduction………….……………
Electricity…………………...…………
Refineryoutput………………………
Totalfinalconsumption………………….………...
Energybalances……...…………………..………...
Energyindicators………….………...
Generalnotes……………..………...
Pageiv
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68
iv
Introduction
Thispublicationisthesixthinaseriesofpocketbookcompilationsonenergystatisticsdesignedtohighlighttheavailabilityofdataonvariousaspectsofenergyproduction,transformationanduseanditslinkagestootherkeystatistics.Energyiscentraltotheachievementofthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentandtheParisAgreementonclimatechange,andsoundenergystatisticsarethebasisforthereliablemeasurementofprogress,therebyassistingtheformulationofpolicymeasurestoachieveinternationalandnationalsustainabledevelopmentgoals.
TheinformationinthispublicationisprimarilybasedontheenergydatacollectioncarriedoutbytheEnergyStatisticsSectionoftheUnitedNationsStatisticsDivision(UNSD).Thedataareavailableinthe2020editionsoftheEnergyStatisticsYearbook,theEnergyBalances,andtheElectricityProfiles,threeannualUNSDpublicationsthatpresentenergydatainbasicindicatorformats,aswellasformatsthatshowamoredetailed,yetnumber-heavy,pictureofproduction,trade,transformationandconsumptionofenergyproductsinmorethan200countriesandterritories.
Thepresentpublicationaimsatprovidingadditionalinformationbyhighlightingkeyindicatorsandusingdifferentvisualizationstoalsoshowdevelopments,dependenciesanddistributionsinawaythatstandarddatatablescannotconvey.
Moreinformationaboutthedatacollectionprocess,aswellastheotherthreeannualpublicationssourcedfromthesamedatabaseasthispocketbook,isavailableat/unsd/energystats.
Acknowledgements
ThispublicationhasbeencompiledbytheEnergyStatisticsSectionofUNSD,whichisheadedbyMr.LeonardoSouza.TheconceptualdesignofthispocketbookhasbeencarriedoutbyMr.Souza,Ms.AgnieszkaKoscielniakandMs.CostanzaGiovannelli.Ms.Giovannellitooktheleadinthegraphicdesign,supportedbyMr.GrahamOsbornandMs.PengGuo.TheenergydatausedforthepocketbookhavebeencollectedandprocessedbythestaffoftheEnergyStatisticsSection.
Enquiries,commentsandsuggestionsforimprovingthispublicationarewelcomeandshouldbeaddressedto:energy_stat@.
2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
Totalenergysupply
1.Totalenergysupplypercapita,2020
Gigajoulespercapita
Gigajoules
percapita
Source:UNEnergyStatisticsDatabase/UNGeospatial.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialonthemapsinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.DottedlinerepresentsapproximatelytheLineofControlinJammuandKashmiragreeduponbyIndiaandPakistan.ThefinalstatusofJammuandKashmirhasnotyetbeenagreeduponbytheparties.FinalboundarybetweentheRepublicofSudanandtheRepublicofSouthSudanhasnotyetbeendetermined.AdisputeexistsbetweentheGovernmentsofArgentinaandtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandconcerningsovereigntyovertheFalklandIslands(Malvinas).
FACTSANDFIGURES
Worldtotalenergysupply1(TES)was578.6EJin2020,decliningby4.1%comparedto2019.ThedecreaseaffectedalltheregionsbutwasmostintenseinNorthernAmerica(-7.7%)andLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(-5.8%).IntheUnitedStates,theabsolutedecreaseinTESobservedbetween2019and2020wasmorethan7EJ(-7.7%).
AsiaTESdiminutionwasmoremodest(-1.3%),withtheregionaccountingforthefirsttimeformorethan50%oftheworldtotalenergysupply;China,incontrasttotheoveralltrend,hasincreaseditsTESin2020(+2.8%).Ontheotherhand,Europe’sshareofworldTEShasbeensteadilydeclininginthelast30years,droppingfrom35.3%in1990to17.5%in2020,withanabsolutereductionofmorethan5EJbetween2019and2020(-4.8%).
Internationalbunkerswereequalto12.5EJin2020(accountingfor2.2%ofworldTES),showingasubstantialcontractioncomparedto2019(-27.3%).
(1)Seenotesonpages68-73.
UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision1
2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
2.Energyintensity2,2020
Gigajoulesperthousandinternational$
Gigajoules
perthousand
international$
Source:UNEnergyStatisticsDatabase/UNGeospatial.Thedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialonthemapsinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofany
opinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitation
ofitsfrontiersorboundaries.DottedlinerepresentsapproximatelytheLineofControlinJammuandKashmiragreeduponbyIndiaandPakistan.ThefinalstatusofJammuandKashmir
hasnotyetbeenagreeduponbytheparties.FinalboundarybetweentheRepublicofSudanandtheRepublicofSouthSudanhasnotyetbeendetermined.Adisputeexistsbetween
theGovernmentsofArgentinaandtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandconcerningsovereigntyovertheFalklandIslands(Malvinas).
3.Energysupply(total,percapitaandenergyintensity2),majorcountries,2020Exajoules,gigajoulespercapitaandgigajoulesperthousandinternational$
Country
TES
Country
TESpercapita
Country
Energyintensity2
China
140.2
Iceland
988.2
Iceland
18.9
UnitedStates
85.5
Qatar
635.2
TrinidadandTobago
17.7
India
38.2
Bahrain
451.2
NewCaledonia
14.1
RussianFederation
31.5
TrinidadandTobago
405.0
Liberia
14.0
Japan
16.1
UnitedArabEmirates
391.6
Zimbabwe
13.7
Brazil
11.9
BruneiDarussalam
369.7
Dem.Rep.oftheCongo
13.5
Canada
11.9
Kuwait
350.9
Uganda
12.3
Germany
11.6
Gibraltar
320.8
Turkmenistan
11.9
World
578.6
World
73.8
World
4.6
(2)Seenotesonpages68-73.
2UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision
2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
4.Totalenergysupplybyregionandsource,2020
Exajoules
Northern
America
(excl.US)
CoalOilNaturalgas
LatinAsia(excl.America&China)
Carib.
Biofuelsandwaste
ChinaEuropeOceaniaIntl.bunkers
NuclearElectricityandheat
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
UnitedStates
Africa
5.Totalenergysupplybyregionandsource,2020
Exajoules
Region
Coal
Oil
Natural
gas
Biofuelsandwaste
Nuclear
Electricityandheat
TES
Africa
15.00.10.933.5
NorthernAmerica(exclUS)
11.9
UnitedStates
9.329.63.785.5
LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean
1.60.43.532.4
Asia(excl.China)
40.647.942.7154.7
China
84.827.67.3140.2
Europe
12.927.46.0101.0
Oceania
0.3-0.66.8
Internationalbunkers
-12.50.010.02--12.5
World
156.0170.8140.953.428.928.5578.6
UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision3
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
19902020
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
6.Totalenergysupplybyregion,1990–2020
Exajoulesandpercentage
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Africa
UnitedStates
Asia(excl.China)
Europe
InternationalBunkers
NorthernAmerica(excl.US)
LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanChina
Oceania
7.Totalenergysupplybyregion,1990,2000,2010and2020
Exajoules
Region
1990
2000
2010
2020
Africa
15.920.928.033.5
NorthernAmerica(excl.US)
8.910.610.911.9
UnitedStates
80.395.392.985.5
LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean
19.625.533.132.4
Asia(excl.China)
63.397.8131.5154.7
China
30.442.5101.6140.2
Europe
126.3106.7112.0101.0
Oceania
6.8
Internationalbunkers
8.711.214.912.5
World
357.7416.0531.3578.6
4UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
19902020
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
8.Worldtotalenergysupplybysource,1990–2020
Exajoulesandpercentage
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
CoalOilNaturalgasBiofuelsandwasteNuclearElectricityandheat
9.Worldtotalenergysupplybysource,1990,2000,2010and2020
Exajoules
Source
1990
2000
2010
2020
Coal
93.599.3151.4156.0
Oil
134.3154.8173.9170.8
Naturalgas
68.286.9113.9140.9
Biofuelsandwaste
30.735.345.653.4
Nuclear
21.828.029.828.9
Electricityandheat
9.311.716.728.5
Total
357.7416.0531.3578.6
UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision5
2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
Primaryenergyproduction
10.Energyself-sufficiency3,2020
Percentage
Source:UNEnergyStatisticsDatabase/UNGeospatial.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialonthemapsinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.DottedlinerepresentsapproximatelytheLineofControlinJammuandKashmiragreeduponbyIndiaandPakistan.ThefinalstatusofJammuandKashmirhasnotyetbeenagreeduponbytheparties.FinalboundarybetweentheRepublicofSudanandtheRepublicofSouthSudanhasnotyetbeendetermined.AdisputeexistsbetweentheGovernmentsofArgentinaandtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandconcerningsovereigntyovertheFalklandIslands(Malvinas).
FACTSANDFIGURES
Worldprimaryproductionreached587EJin2020,a4.2%declinecomparedto2019,whilehavingincreasedby62.3%comparedto1990,correspondingtoanaveragecompoundedyearlygrowthof1.6%.Theyearlydropwasdueinparticulartothethreelargestenergysources,namelyoil(-7.3%)coal(-4.8%),andnaturalgas(-2.6%),whichrepresented81.2%oftheworldtotalprimaryenergyproductionin2020.Asignificantshareof2020primaryenergyproductionoccurredinahandfulofcountries:
-Sixcountriesproducedalmost7/8ofallprimarycoal(87.4%),withChinaaloneproducingmorethanhalf(50.5%)oftheworldcoal.Amongthemajorproducers,theUnitedStateshadthemostsubstantialdecline(-25.5%);
-TheUnitedStatestoppedtheoilproducerswitharound17.3%oftheworldproduction.Fivecountriesconcentratedmorethanhalfofallprimaryoilproduction(52.8%),butinallofthemproductiondiminishedin2020.Iraqoilproductioncontractedby13.7%;
-Fourcountries(UnitedStates,RussianFederation,IranandChina)producedmorethanhalfofallnaturalgas(52.0%).Ofthemajorfourproducers,onlyChinaincreaseditsnaturalgasproductionin2020(+9.7%).
(3)Seenotesonpages68-73.
6UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision
2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
11.Primaryenergyproductionbyregionandsource,2020
Exajoules
AfricaNorthernUnitedLatinAsia(excl.ChinaEuropeOceania
AmericaStatesAmericaChina)
(excl.US)andthe
Caribbean
CoalOilNaturalgasBiofuelsandwasteNuclearElectricityandheat
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
12.Primaryenergyproductionbyregionandsource,2020
Exajoules
Region
Coal
Oil
Naturalgas
Biofuelsandwaste
Nuclear
Electricityandheat
Total
Africa
43.9
NorthernAmerica(excl.US)
1.011.01.521.7
UnitedStates
10.830.433.04.08.93.590.6
LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean
1.70.43.535.1
Asia(excl.China)
32.265.541.3162.3
China
4.14.07.4111.7
Europe
14.511.46.0101.4
Oceania
0.3-0.620.3
World
159.4175.6141.852.828.928.5587.0
UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision7
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Africa
UnitedStatesAsia(excl.China)Europe
NorthernAmerica(excl.US)LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean
China
Oceania
2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
13.Totalprimaryenergyproductionbyregion,1990–2020
Exajoulesandpercentage
19902020
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
14.Totalprimaryenergyproductionbyregion,1990,2000,2010and2020
Exajoules
Region
1990
2000
2010
2020
Africa
28.136.547.343.9
NorthernAmerica(excl.US)
11.615.716.621.7
UnitedStates
69.169.772.390.6
LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean
25.835.441.835.1
Asia(excl.China)
74.2108.3146.1162.3
China
32.740.888.6111.7
Europe
112.995.0102.7101.4
Oceania
7.410.614.520.3
World
361.7412.1530.0587.0
8UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
15.Worldprimaryenergyproductionbysource,1990–2020
Exajoules
CoalOilNaturalgas
BiofuelsandwasteNuclearElectricityandheat
16.Worldprimaryenergyproductionbysource,1990,2000,2010and2020
Percentage
Source
1990
2000
2010
2020
Coal
26.2%23.2%29.0%27.2%
Oil
37.7%37.7%32.2%29.9%
Naturalgas
19.0%20.9%21.4%24.2%
Biofuelsandwaste
8.5%8.6%8.6%9.0%
Nuclear
6.0%6.8%5.6%4.9%
Electricityandheat
2.6%2.8%3.2%4.8%
Total
100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%
UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision9
Coal
Oil
Naturalgas
2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
17.Primaryproductionofcoal,oil,andnaturalgas,majorcountries,2020Percentage
Indonesia
Australia
F
US
US
China
Russian
ederation
SaudiArabia
RussianFederation
O
Iran(Islamic
Other
countries(75)
es
ries
thercountri(97)
Rep.)
Othercount(97)
0%20%40%60%80%100%
18.Primaryproductionofcoal,oil,andnaturalgas,majorcountries,2020Exajoules
Coal
Oil
Naturalgas
China
80.5
UnitedStates
30.4
UnitedStates
33.0
Indonesia
14.3
RussianFederation
21.9
RussianFederation
24.8
Australia
12.3
SaudiArabia
20.8
Iran(IslamicRepublicof)
8.2
India
11.6
Canada
11.0
China
7.7
UnitedStates
10.8
Iraq
8.5
Canada
6.5
RussianFederation
9.7
China
8.2
Qatar
6.2
SouthAfrica
5.8
UnitedArabEmirates
7.5
Australia
5.3
Kazakhstan
1.9
Brazil
6.7
SaudiArabia
4.8
Others
12.4
Others
60.6
Others
45.3
World
159.4
World
175.6
World
141.8
10UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision
a
2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
19.Primaryproductionofbiofuelsandwaste,nuclear,andelectricityandheat,
majorcountries,2020–Percentage
Biofuelsandwaste
Nuclear
Electricity
andheat
0%20%40%60%80%100%
20.Primaryproductionofbiofuelsandwaste,nuclear,andelectricityandheat,majorcountries,2020–Exajoules
Nige
riaChina
India
US
China
Chin
US
Oth
ercountries(204)
Otherco(29
thercount(214)
untries
)
ries
France
Brazil
O
Biofuelsandwaste
Nuclear
Electricityandheat
India
8.0
UnitedStates
8.9
China
7.4
Nigeria
5.0
China
4.0
UnitedStates
3.5
China
4.1
France
3.8
Brazil
1.7
Brazil
4.0
RussianFederation
2.3
Canada
1.5
UnitedStates
4.0
RepublicofKorea
1.7
India
1.0
Indonesia
1.6
Canada
1.1
Türkiye
0.9
Ethiopia
1.4
Ukraine
0.8
RussianFederation
0.8
Germany
1.3
Germany
0.7
Germany
0.8
Others
23.3
Others
5.6
Others
10.9
World
52.8
World
28.9
World
28.5
UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision11
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
19902020
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
21.Primaryproductionofcoalbyregion,1990–2020
Exajoulesandpercentage
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Africa
LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanChina
Europe
NorthernAmerica
Asia(excl.ChinaandIndonesia)Indonesia
Oceania
22.Primaryproductionofcoalbyregion,1990,2000,2010and2020
Exajoules
Region
1990
2000
2010
2020
Africa
6.2
NorthernAmerica
24.323.923.711.8
LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean
1.7
Asia(excl.ChinaandIndonesia)
6.99.916.217.9
China
23.129.569.780.5
Indonesia
14.3
Europe
30.616.515.914.5
Oceania
4.57.010.612.4
World
94.895.7153.9159.4
12UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision
2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
23.Primaryproductionofcoalbyregionandtypeoffuel,2020
Exajoules
Africa
NorthernAmericaLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanAsia(excl.ChinaandIndonesia)
China
Indonesia EuropeOceania
020406080
HardcoalBrowncoalOilshale/OilsandsandPeat
24.Primaryproductionofcoalbyregionandtypeoffuel,2020
Exajoules
Region
Hardcoal
Brown
coal
Oilshale/
Peat
Total
Africa
6.2-0+6.2
NorthernAmerica
6.7
5.1
-
11.8
LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean
1.70.10+1.7
Asia(excl.ChinaandIndonesia)
16.01.80+17.9
China
80.5
-
-
80.5
Indonesia
14.3
-
-
14.3
Europe
14.5
Oceania
11.5
0.9
-
12.4
World
147.511.70.2159.4
UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision13
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Africa
UnitedStates
Asia
RussianFederation
NorthernAmerica(excl.US)
LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanEurope(excl.RussianFederation)Oceania
2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook
25.Primaryproductionofoilbyregion,1992–2020
Exajoulesandpercentage
19922020
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
26.Primaryproductionofoilbyregion,1992,2000,2010and2020
Exajoules
Region
1992
2000
2010
2020
Africa
14.216.4
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