高考英語核心語法學(xué)案名詞性從句

名詞從句【定義】一個(gè)句子在另一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語，相當(dāng)于名詞，故稱為名詞性從句。【四大從句】名詞性從句分為主從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、主語從句一個(gè)句子在另一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)主，即句子充當(dāng)主語，該句子稱為主語從句?！就瓿衫洹扛鶕?jù)句意選詞填空that,if,whether,when,what)(1)Thathecertain.(2)hegoisnotknown.(3)Whathesaidistrue.(4)Whenthewillheldnotdecidedyet.【結(jié)論】－從句，從句為一個(gè)句意完整的陳句，沒有具體意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起標(biāo)志性作用，但不能略。－從句，從句來源于一般疑問whether不省略，意為是否，不能用替換殊疑問詞－從句從句來源于特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞不能省略意思為特殊疑問詞本來的意思，在從句中充當(dāng)句成分。【疑難1】Whoisisofbusiness.【疑難剖析】任何從句要用陳述句語序，即謂語序。【疑難2】ThatheEnglishisknowntousall.Whatheatsad.【疑難剖析】主句時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)過去的某一時(shí)態(tài)；主句時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)視具體情況而定?！疽呻y3】That2010AsianGamesaresuccessfulknownto【疑難剖析】單個(gè)句子作主語，視為單數(shù)?！疽呻y3】isapitythatdidn'tseethedoesn'tinterestwhetherornot.isinthemorningthattookplace.isJohnthatbrokewindow.【疑難剖析】．主語從句常由充當(dāng)形式主語，而本身放句子末尾。2作形式語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較作形主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)的什么成分用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用/。用it作式主語的常用結(jié)構(gòu)＋名詞＋從isafactthat事實(shí)是…ishonorthat非常榮幸iscommonknowledgethat…是常＋形容詞＋從isnaturalthat很自然…第1頁共4頁

isstrangethat奇怪的……＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋從that似乎…h(huán)appenedthat碰巧……appears似乎[]＋過分詞＋從句isreported據(jù)報(bào)道hasthat證實(shí)isthat據(jù)……【疑難5】issaidthatChairmanHuwillvisitourschoolnextweek.([]ThatChairmanHuvisitschoolnextweeksaid.(×)【疑難剖析】主語從句不可位于句首的五種況：if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可位于復(fù)合句句首Itissaid/reported結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。Ithappens/結(jié)中的主語從句不可提前。occurredtohimthathefailedinexamination.(√)Thathefailedtheexaminationoccurredto(×)Itdoesn'tmatterhow結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。doesn'tmatterhenot.√)Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn'tmatter.(×)含主語從句的復(fù)句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。Islikelythatitrainthe？√)Isthatrainintheevening？【疑難6】what與that在引主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別WhatyousaidyesterdayisThatstillisaconsolation.【疑難剖析】what引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)主賓語或表語而that則不充當(dāng)任何成分。二、賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句賓語從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后?！就瓿衫洹扛鶕?jù)句意選詞填空that,if,whether,，(5)Iheardthathejoinedarmy.(6)didnotknowwhathadhappened.wonderyoucanchangethisnotefor(7)Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptinvitation.【結(jié)論9】引導(dǎo)的賓語從句that通?？梢允÷裕瑥木渲胁怀洚?dāng)任何成分。引導(dǎo)的賓語從句what在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。(if)導(dǎo)的賓語從句，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用意“是否?！疽呻y1】引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)和whether的別Iaskedherif/whetherhadabike.Theydiscussedwhethertheywillrightnow.第2頁共4頁

We'reworriedabouthesafe.Idon'twhethernothecome.Idon'twhethertogo.【疑難剖析】引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)用if和都可以，但有只用whether的特殊情況：動(dòng)詞discuss后；介詞后；whether與or連時(shí)；to?！疽呻y2】amafraid(that)madeamistake.【疑難剖析】作形容詞的賓語時(shí)，可以省略that?！咀⒁狻肯铝行稳菰~后常跟導(dǎo)的從句作賓語：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,等時(shí)也將此類詞后的that從看作原因狀語從句。)【疑難3】thatgetmarriednextmonth.【疑難剖析3】不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語，真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。【疑難4】admiretheirwinningmatch.(Iadmirethatwonmatch.【疑難剖析】后邊不能直接跟從句的詞有：allow,refuse,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,take,forgive等。這類詞后可以用定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不可以用引導(dǎo)的賓語從句?！疽呻y5】impressedthemanagerasanhonestman.(Heimpressedthemanagerthatwasanhonestman.(×)【疑難剖析】有些動(dòng)詞不可用于動(dòng)詞間接賓語that－句”結(jié)中，這類動(dòng)詞常見的有envy，，，blame，denouncecongratulate等?！疽呻y6】我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.【疑難剖析否定的轉(zhuǎn)移主句謂語動(dòng)詞think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。三、表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句表語從句，一般結(jié)構(gòu)“主語＋連系動(dòng)詞＋表語從句?！就瓿衫洹扛鶕?jù)句意填空(8)questioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchshorttime.(9)Thisiswhycan'tgetthesupportofpeople.(10)Butfactremainsthattheotherclasses.(11)reasonheisforschoolthattheearly【結(jié)論1】整陳述句充當(dāng)表語時(shí)用引，且不可省略；是否含義時(shí)用whether；義不完整時(shí)根據(jù)情況選用對(duì)的特殊疑問詞，如what，，where，等種特殊句型thereason和Itis…等結(jié)構(gòu)四、同位語從句第3頁共4頁

在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名性從句為同位語從句?！就瓿衫洹扛鶕?jù)句意選詞填空(12)king'sdecisionthatprisonersetfreesurprisedthepeople.(13)orderthatthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgiventhegeneral.【結(jié)論】同位語從句對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，可接同位語從句的名詞主要有：fact,information,problem,decision,suggestion,proposal,order等?！疽呻y1】同位語在句子中的位置Hegotnewsfromthanthesportsputoff.【疑難剖析】同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。【疑難2】同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別Thenewsthathetoldmeisthatgoabroadnextyear.他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出。ThenewsthatTomgoabroadishim.湯將出國的消息是他講的?！疽呻y剖析2】定語從句中的既代替先行同可以在從句中作某個(gè)成分語或賓語而位語從句中的是連詞只起連接主句與從的作用不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述名詞的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，功能是對(duì)名詞的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。名詞性從句練習(xí)out!___________論誰被轉(zhuǎn)smokinghereshallbefinedat(caught)___________長親自參加ceremonythestudentsmuchencouragement.Ithe_________使情更遭的是isthatIcan'thavequalificationtakethenext(bad)ThereasonEinsteinlefttoAmerica因Hitler迫害猶太人atthetime.(persecute)citybuiltin是塊廢地的地方tenyearsago.(what)Idictionaryoncondition條是他還我beforeFriday.Iwonderwhetherknows_______我要承受多大的痛苦towriteabook.(take)Thekingpromisedhisdaughterto任擊敗敵人的人defeat)Iamsatisfiedwith_________的學(xué)生所獲得的成(achieve)10.__________我認(rèn)為這很重要collegestudentsshouldlearnmoreaboutChinesehistory.(it)11.Scientiststheconclusion地的溫度正變得越來越高gettinghigherandhigher.(that)12.Theyoungcoupleworriedbecauseneitherofthemaware_________他在哪兒丟的thenecklace.(lose)13.誰第一個(gè)登上月球isclearus.(land)14.__________消息傳來thestudentwasadmittedintouniversityinstate.(word)15.___________我突然想起therewasashortthehistorymuseum.(occur)(whoevercaught;thattheprincipalhimselfattended;what