2016年高考試題(英語)北京卷(含答案解析)1708

絕密★啟用前2016年普通高等學(xué)校全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）英語本試卷共16頁，共150分?？荚嚂r間為120分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。試題總評：從整體上看難度略有提升，過渡較平穩(wěn)。試題重點(diǎn)突出，命題思路清晰，重視對思維能力和全面文化素質(zhì)的考察，強(qiáng)調(diào)交際運(yùn)用。整套試卷很好地體現(xiàn)了語言教學(xué)的特色：既融語言及情感、又兼顧知識與能力。一、語法部分難度適中，注重基礎(chǔ)知識的考察?？键c(diǎn)分：布時態(tài)語態(tài)（4道），非謂語動詞（3道），從句（5道），虛擬語氣、情態(tài)動詞、并列連詞（各1道）。二、閱讀部分體裁豐富，話題較貼近生活。從完形、閱讀到七選五，關(guān)注社會、自然以及自我價(jià)值的實(shí)現(xiàn)。篇幅難度與2015年北京高考基本持平，閱讀題目重視細(xì)節(jié)題目的考察。閱讀D篇是一篇議論文，篇幅較長。文章論述了大學(xué)在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主性和認(rèn)同感方面的重要性，文章有一定的難度，尤其是第70題文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通過第四段的“equallyimportant”及第五段段首的“moreover”等邏輯詞可推知文章結(jié)構(gòu)。三、應(yīng)用文題材新穎，綜合考察了考生的日常積累能力。談及人物的貢獻(xiàn)和對自己的影響時，考生有可能會遇到大量的詞匯障礙，故難度較去年明顯提升。四、情景作文話題較為常規(guī)，整體難度適中。“地球日”系列活動屬于保護(hù)環(huán)境的體裁內(nèi)容，對于考生并不陌生。第二部分：知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小從每題所給的ABCD四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)黑。題1分，共15分），并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂例：It’ssonicetohearfromheragain________,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.What’smoreB.That’stosayC.InotherwordsD.Believeitornot答案是D。21.Jackinthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.A.worksB.hasworkedC.wasworkingD.wouldwork【答案】C1

【解析】試題分析：題目考查時態(tài)。句意：突然斷電時，杰克正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作。根據(jù)occurred可知，這里指過去發(fā)生的事情，斷電時，杰克正在工作，綜合用過去進(jìn)行時，故選C。考點(diǎn)：考查時態(tài)22.Ilivenextdoortoacouplechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which【答案】A【解析】試題分析：題目考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。acouple是先行詞，這對夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所屬關(guān)系，故用whose作定語，相當(dāng)于thechildrenofwhom，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語從句23.—Excuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?—ThenewStarWars.Wehereformorethantwohours.A.waitedB.waitC.wouldbewaitingD.havebeenwaiting【答案】D考點(diǎn)：考查時態(tài)24.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.youcandohelps.A.HoweverB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.Wherever【答案】C【解析】試題分析：題目考查主語從句。Helps是謂語，“youcando”是主語部分，即主語從句，在主語從句中，do后缺少賓語，因此用whatever引導(dǎo)，故選C?？键c(diǎn)：考查主語從句25.IhalfoftheEnglishnovel,andI’lltrytofinishitattheweekend.A.readB.havereadC.amreadingD.willread【答案】B【解析】2試題分析：題目考查時態(tài)。句意：我已經(jīng)看完了這本英文小說的一半，周末把另一半看完。發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時?！翱葱≌f”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，到目前為止看了一半，故用完成時，故選B?？键c(diǎn)：考查時態(tài)26.iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.A.MadeB.MakeC.MakingD.Tomake【答案】D【解析】試題分析：題目考查不定式作目的狀語。句意：為了更方便地聯(lián)系到我們，你最好隨身帶著這張卡片。根據(jù)句意可知，這里是目的狀語，表目的用動詞不定式，故選D。考點(diǎn)：考查不定式作目的狀語27.Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,he’sinhisnineties.A.aslongasB.asifC.eventhoughD.incase【答案】C考點(diǎn)：考查狀語從句28.______overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.A.OrderingB.ToorderC.HavingorderedD.Ordered【答案】D【解析】試題分析：題目考查過去分詞作狀語。句意：(因?yàn)?那些書是一周多之前訂的，現(xiàn)在隨時有可能送到。Books和order是動即orderbooks/booksareordered，故用過去分此相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句becausetheywereordered...，故選D。考點(diǎn)：考查過去分詞作狀語賓關(guān)系，詞表示被動和完成，在29.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis_____onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.A.whatB.that3C.whetherD.why【答案】B【解析】試題分析：題目考查表語從句。句意：雨季最令人愉悅的就是人們可以完全不再受到沙塵的困擾。Is后跟從句作表語，即表語從句，表語從句不缺少主語、謂語和賓語，因此用that，只起引導(dǎo)作用，故選B。考點(diǎn)：考查表語從句30.Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts__intheend.A.rewardedB.wererewardedC.willrewardD.willberewarded【答案】D考點(diǎn)：考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)31.Ilovetheweekend,becauseI_____getupearlyonSaturdaysandSA.needn’tB.mustn’tC.wouldn’tD.shouldn’t【答案】A【解析】試題分析：題目考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：不需要；B.mustn’t禁止；C.wouldn’t不愿；D.shouldn’t不應(yīng)該。早起，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查情態(tài)動詞我喜歡周末，因?yàn)橹芰椭苋瘴也恍枰缙?。A.needn’t根據(jù)句意可知，周六、周日不用32.Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,_______theoldtownintoaA.turnB.turningC.toturnD.turned【答案】B【解析】4試題分析：題目考查現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨狀況。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的兩旁，使古鎮(zhèn)變成了一個夢幻之地。turn的邏輯主語是cottages，兩者是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示主動和伴隨，故選B。考點(diǎn)：考查現(xiàn)在分詞33.Ireallyenjoylisteningtomusic___ithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfromothercaresoftheday.A.becauseB.beforeC.unlessD.until【答案】A【解析】試題分析：題目考查原因狀語從句。句意：我非常喜歡聽音樂，因?yàn)樗茏屛曳潘?，使我不去想其它的事情。前后是因果關(guān)系，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查34.Whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou___me,Icouldhavehelped.A.toldB.hadtoldC.weretotellD.wouldtell【答案】B考點(diǎn)：考查虛擬語氣35.Iamnotafraidoftomorrow,______IhaveseenyesterdayandIlovetoday.A.soB.andC.forD.but【答案】C考點(diǎn)：考查并列連詞5第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上講該項(xiàng)涂黑。ARaceAgainstDeathItwasacoldJanuaryin1925inNorthAlaska.Thetownwascutofffromtherestofworldduetoheavysnow.Onthe20thofthatmonth,Dr.Welch36aSickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlyinfectious(傳染的)diseasemainlyaffectingchildren.ThechildrenofNomewouldbe37ifitstruckthetown.Dr.Welchneededmedicineassoonaspossibletostopotherkidsfromgettingsick.38,theclosestsupplywasover1,000milesaway,inAnchorage.HowcouldthemedicinegettoNome?Thetown`s39wasalreadyfullofice,soitcouldn`tcomebyship.Carsandhorsescouldn’ttravelonthe40roads.Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidn’texistyet.41January26,Billyandthreeotherchildrenhaddied.Twemtymorewere42.Nome`stownofficialscameupwitha(n)43.Theywouldhavethemedicinesentby44fromAnchoragetoNenana.Fromthere,dogeled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—knownas“mushers”—would45ittoNomeinarelay(接力).TheracebeganonJanuary27.Thefirstmusher,Shannon,pickedupthemedicinefromthetrainatNenanaandrodeallnight.46hehandedthemedicinetothenextmusher,Shannon`sfacewasblackfromtheextremecold.OnJanuary31,amushernamedSeppalahadto47afrozenbodyofwatercalledNortonSound.Itwasthemost48partofthejourney.NortonSoundwascoveredwithice,whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutwarning.Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow.Hewould49,andsowouldthesickchildrenofNome.ButSeppalamadeitacross.AhugesnowstormhitonFebruary1.AmushernamedKaasenhadtobravethisstorm.Atonepoint,hugepilesofsonwblockedhis50.Hehadtoleavethetrail(雪橇痕跡)togetaroundthem.Conditionsweresobadthatitwasimpossibleforhimto51thetrailagain.TheonlyhopewasBalto,Kaasen’sleaddog,Baltoputhisnosetotheground,52tofindthesmellofotherdogsthathadtraveledonthetrail.IfBaltofailed,itwouldmeandisasterforNome.Theminutespassedby.Suddenly,Baltobeganto53.Hehadfoungthe6trail.At5:30amonFebruary2,Kaasenandhisdog54themedicine.HequicklygaveittothesickchilNomehadbeen55.36.A.examinedB.warnedC.interviewed37.A.harmlessB.helplessC.fearless38.A.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.Otherwise39.A.airportB.stationC.harborD.borderC.busyD.dirtyD.carelessD.However40.A.narrowB.snowy41.A.FromB.OnC.ByD.After42.A.tiredB.upsetC.paleD.sick43.A.planB.excuseC.messageD.topic44.A.airB.railC.seaD.road45.A.carryB.returnC.mailD.give46.A.ThoughB.SinceC.WhenD.If47.A.enterB.moveC.visitD.cross48.A.shamefulB.boringC.dangerousD.foolish49.A.escapeB.bleedC.swimD.die50.A.memoryB.exitC.wayD.destination51.A.findB.fixC.passD.change52.A.pretendingB.tryingC.askingD.learning53.A.runB.leaveC.biteD.play54.A.gatheredB.stayedC.campedD.arrived55.A.controlledB.savedC.foundedD.developed【答案】36.A37.B38.D39.C40.B41.C742.D43.A44.B45.A46.C47.D48.C49.D50.C51.A52.B53.A54.D55.B【解析】試題分析：文章講述了一個人們接力運(yùn)送藥物來救患病兒童的感人故事。1925年1月份的阿拉斯加北部極其寒冷，由于大雪，諾姆小鎮(zhèn)與外界隔絕了。雪上加霜的是，那里的孩子患上了一種致命的傳染病--白喉。為了拯救孩子們，人們接力運(yùn)送藥品到諾姆。最終，人們通過狗拉的雪橇把藥物送到了諾姆。39.C考查名詞辨析。A.airport機(jī)場；B.station車站；C.harbor港口；D.border邊境。根據(jù)“soitcouldn’tcomebyship”可知，這里指港口狹窄的；B.snowy被雪覆蓋的；和馬都不能通行，故選B。A.From從，自；B.On在上面；C.By通過，在之前；D.After在之后。By+時間，與完成時連用，后跟過去的時間，用過去完成時；跟將來的時間，用將來完成時，結(jié)冰，故選C。40.B考查形容詞辨析。A.narrowC.busy繁忙的；D.dirty臟的。根據(jù)第一段可知，大雪覆蓋了道路，汽車41.C考查介詞辨析。8故選C。42.D考查形容詞辨析。A.tired勞累的；B.upset難過的；C.pale蒼白的；D.sick生病的。四個孩子相繼去世，還有20幾個患病，故選D。43.A考查名詞辨析。A.plan計(jì)劃；B.excuse借口；C.message信息；D.topic話題。當(dāng)?shù)氐墓賳T想到了一個計(jì)劃，故選A。44.B考查名詞辨析。A.air空氣；B.rail欄桿，鐵軌；C.sea海洋；D.road道路。根據(jù)下一段“fromthetrainatNenana”可知，藥物被用火車運(yùn)到Nenana，故選B。45.A考查動詞辨析。A.carry運(yùn)送，攜帶；B.return返回，歸還；C.mail郵寄；D.give給。然后再由乘坐狗拉的雪橇的人把藥物接力送到諾姆，故選A。46.C考查時間狀語從句。A.Though雖然；B.Since因?yàn)椋詮?；C.When當(dāng)；D.If如果。當(dāng)他把藥物交給下一個人時，他的臉已經(jīng)被凍得烏青，故選C。47.D考查動詞辨析。A.enter進(jìn)入；B.move移動；C.visit拜訪；D.cross穿過。根據(jù)“NortonSoundwascoveredwithice”可知，NortonSound一是片冰凍的水域，Seppala必須穿過這片水域，故選D。48.C考查形容詞辨析。A.shameful愚蠢的。根據(jù)“whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutw部分，故選C。慚愧的；B.boring令人厭煩的；C.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；D.foolish”可知，這是旅途最難的一52.B考查動詞辨析。A.pretending假裝；B.trying努力；C.asking問，要求；D.learning學(xué)會。Seppala的雪橇狗努力嗅著其它狗的味道，故選B。53.A考查動詞辨析。A.run跑；B.leave離開；C.bite咬；D.play玩耍。Seppala的雪橇狗找到開始奔跑起來，故選A。54.D考查動詞辨析。A.gathered聚集；B.stayedarriveinsp到達(dá)某地，這里指終于到達(dá)諾姆，故選D。55.B考查動詞辨析。A.controlled發(fā)展。所有的孩子得到了救治，諾姆活了下來，故選B。了軌道，保持；C.camped露營，借??；D.arrived到達(dá)?？刂疲籅.saved拯救；C.founded建立；D.developed9考點(diǎn)：人物故事類短文閱讀第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，20分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文：從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，將正確的選項(xiàng)涂在答題卡上。ADearAlfred,Iwanttotellyouhowimportantyourhelpistomylife.Growingup,IhadpeopletellingmeIwastooslow,though,withanIQof150at17,I’manythingbutstupid.ThefactwasthatIwasfoundtohaveADIID(注意力缺陷多動障礙).Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbecomeabsorbed.Inhighschool,Ibecamecuriousaboutthecomputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.Moreover,IcompletedtheseniorcourseofComputerBasics,plusfiverelevantpre-collegecourses.WhileIwasexploringmycuriosity,mydiseasegotworse.Iwantedtogotocollegeafterhighschool,butcouldn’t.So,IwaskillingmytimeathomeuntilJune2012whenIdiscoveredtheonlinecomputercoursesofyourtrainingcenter.Sincethen,IhavetakencourseslikeDataScienceandAdvancedMathematics.Currently,I’mlearningyourProbabilitycourse.Ihavehundredsofprinterpaper,coveredinself-writtennotesfromyourvideo.Thishasgivenmeapurpose.Lastyear,Ispentallmytimelookingforajobwhere,withoutdealingwiththepublic,Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalkto.Luckily,Idiscoveredthejob—DataAnalyst—thismonthandhavebeengoingfullsteamahead.IwanttoprovethatIcanteachmyselfarespectfulprofession,withoutgoingtocollege,andbejustasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,mycompetitors.Thankyou.You’vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart.Forthefirsttime,IfeelgoodaboutmyselfbecauseI’mdoingsomething,notbecausesomeonetoldmeIwasdoinggood.Ifeelwhole.Thisiswhyyou’resavingmylife.Yours,Tanis56.whydid’tTanisgotocollegeafterhighschool?10

A.ShehadlearnedenoughaboutcomputerscienceB.ShehadmoredifficultykeepingfoucesedC.ShepreferredtakingonlinecoursesD.Shewastooslowtolearn57.ASfortheworkingenvironment,Tainsprefers_A.workingbyherselfB.dealingwiththepublicC.competingagainstothersD.stayingwithADHDstudents58.Taniswrotethisletterinorderto_____.A.explainwhyshewasinterestedinthecomputeB.sharetheideasshehadforherprofessionC.showhowgratefulshewastothecenterD.describethecoursesshehadtakensofar【答案】56.B57.A58.C考點(diǎn)：人物故事類短文閱讀11BSurvivingHurricaneSandy(颶風(fēng)桑迪)NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgeclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays.“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie’schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick’scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(創(chuàng)痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”59.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound______.12

A.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB.herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC.herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD.theelderlywerefreefromsuffering60.Accordingtoparagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?A.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuildB.Thepeopletrappedinhigh_risebuildingC.ThevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivorsD.Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople61.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A.ShegavehertoystothekidsB.ShetookcareofyoungerchildrenC.ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelpD.Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform62.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.LittlepeoplecanmakeabigdifferenceB.AfriendinneedisafriendindeedC.EastorWest,homeisbestD.Technologyispower【答案】59.B60.A61.D62.A【解析】試題分析：Natalie是一個14歲的孩子，她生活的地方Brooklyn遭到了颶風(fēng)桑迪的襲擊，受災(zāi)嚴(yán)重?？吹饺藗冊趲椭亦l(xiāng)重建，Natalie也加入了進(jìn)去，Natalie創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)站來分享求助信息，幫助捐贈者找到需要的受助者。Natalie的行為得到了社會的認(rèn)可和表揚(yáng)。59.B段落大意題。A項(xiàng)未提及；根據(jù)第三段“Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn”可知，學(xué)校沒有搬走，而是暫時去Brooklyn上學(xué)，排除C；根據(jù)“peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly”排除D；根據(jù)“Whenthey”可知，他returnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruin13

們的街區(qū)被颶風(fēng)毀了，故選B。62.A寫作意圖題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.”可知，Natalie的助人行為得到了社會的認(rèn)可和贊揚(yáng)，說明小人物也可以有大作為，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：人物故事類短文閱讀。CCaliforniaCondor’sShockingRecoveryCaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica’slargestbirds,withwing-lengthofupto3meters.Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning(鉛中毒)nearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.“Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon’tseethepowerlines,”saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution(電死)iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.Tallpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock.Beforethetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofset-freedcondorsdiedofelectrocution.Thishasnowdroppedto18%.Leadpoisonoushasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney(腎)failuresanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wherethey14aretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtopayoff.Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to5.4%in2011.Rideout’steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors’averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears.“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,”hesays.“Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”63.Californiacondorsattractresearchers’interestbecausethey.A.areactiveatnightB.hadtobebredinthewildC.arefoundoninCaliforniaD.almostdiedoutinthe1980s64.Researchershavefoundelectricallinesare.A.blockingcondors’journeyhomeB.bigkillersofCaliforbniacondorasC.restplacesforcondorsatnightD.usedtokeepcondorsaway65.AccordingtoParaghaph5,leadpoisoning.A.makescondorstoonervoustoflyB.haslittleeffectoncondors’kidneysC.canhardlybegottenridofformcondors’bloodD.makesitdifferentforcondorstoproducebabybirds66.Thepassageshowsthat.A.theaveragesurvivaltimeofcondorsissatisfactoryB.Rideout’sresearchinterestliesinelectricengineeringC.theeffortstoprotectcondorshavebroughtgoodresultsD.researchershavefoundthefinalanswerstotheproblem【答案】63.D64.B65.D66.C15

考點(diǎn)：環(huán)保類短文閱讀DWhyCollegeIsNotHomeThecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsandarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasdecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededhelpfrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwith16coursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves“tryingon”newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually(在思維方面)andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide“safespaces”withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredondebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity(群體)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined(規(guī)定)andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescent’sdesireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself-discovery.67.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?A.SympatheticB.DisapprovingC.SupportiveD.Neutral68.Theunderlinedword“passage”inParagraph2means.A.changeB.choice17C.textD.extension69.Accordingtotheauthor,whatroleshouldcollegeplay?A.todevelopasharedidentityamongstudentsB.todefineandregulatestudents’socialbehaviorC.ToprovideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudentsD.Tofosterstudents’intellectualandpersonaldevelopment70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?【答案】67.B68.A69.D70.C【解析】試題分析：大學(xué)并不是溫暖的家庭，也不能成為學(xué)生的家庭。大學(xué)時期應(yīng)該是培養(yǎng)自主性和自我同一性的重要時期。大學(xué)是孩子脫離父母控制的決定性時期，因此，學(xué)校不應(yīng)該成為像家庭一樣讓孩子依賴的地方。68.A猜測詞義題。根據(jù)“fromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility”可知，從家庭的庇護(hù)到自主性和成年人的責(zé)任，這是一種轉(zhuǎn)變、變化，故選A。1869.D推理判斷題。每個人的個性都是不同的，排除A；根據(jù)第四段“Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacing...”可知，作者不贊成大學(xué)管理者約束學(xué)生的社會行為，排除B；大學(xué)不是一個無憂無慮的場所，排除C；大學(xué)應(yīng)該是學(xué)習(xí)知識和促進(jìn)學(xué)生成長的地方，故選D?？键c(diǎn)：教育類短文閱讀第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出正確的填入空白處。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimesWedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.71Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.72AsthequalityofRisk-takingwaspassedfromonrationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetoneKilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.73Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssa