高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第1部分Unit4Astronomythescienceof

Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars[單詞拼寫(xiě)應(yīng)用]核心單詞1．a(chǎn)tmospheren．大氣層；氛圍2．solaradj.太陽(yáng)的；日光的3．thusadv.所以；于是4．gentleadj.平和的；高雅的5．climaten．天氣6．crashvi.&vt.碰撞；墜落7．pulln．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力8．floatvi.&vt.(使)浮動(dòng)；(使)飄蕩n．飄蕩物9．systemn．系統(tǒng)；系統(tǒng)；制度10．theoryn．學(xué)說(shuō)；理論[語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用]用所給詞的適合形式填空。1．Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashed(crash)intothebackofabus.2．Hefoundsomethingfloating(float)onthelake，whichfrightenedhim.3．However，hewasthegentlest(gentle)manIhaveeverknown.4．Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup，shealsopulled(pull)upachair.5．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Wearelookingatthebenefitsofsystems(system)whichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.拓展單詞1．globen．球體；地球儀；地球→globaladj.全世界性的；全世界的2．violentadj.劇烈的；強(qiáng)烈的；強(qiáng)暴的→violencen．暴力→violentlyadv.暴力地；劇烈地3．likevt.喜愛(ài)prep.像→dislikevt.不喜愛(ài)；厭煩→likelyadj.可能的→unlikeprep.與不一樣；不像4．harmn．&vt.損害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.無(wú)害的5．existvi.存在；生計(jì)→existencen．存在；生計(jì)6．puzzlevt.&vi.(使)誘惑；(使)犯難n．謎；難題→puzzledadj.感覺(jué)疑惑的puzzlingadj.令人疑惑的7．religionn．宗教；宗教崇奉→religiousadj.宗教上的；信仰宗教的；忠誠(chéng)的8．biologyn．生物學(xué)→biologistn．生物學(xué)家9．reactv．反響→reactionn．反響；回應(yīng)[語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用]用所給詞的適合形式填空。1．Therewasapuzzledlookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecauseapuzzlingproblempuzzledher.(puzzle)2．Lastnightwehadadiscussionwereachedanagreementthatwewill

，whichbecamemoreandmoreviolent．Finallyneveruseviolencewhateverhappens.(violent)3．Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydoharmtoyourphysicalhealth，butitisalsoharmfultoyourmentalhealth.Sothereisnoharminadvisingyoutogiveitup.(harm)4．Heoftensaysthathedoesn'tbelieveinanyreligionbutmeanwhileherespectsothers'religiousfreedom.(religion)5．Unlikeme，myyoungerbrother，atallandstrongyoungman，likesplayingbasketballverymuch.ItislikelythathewillbecomeaYaoMinginthefuture.(like)閱讀詞匯1．fundamentaladj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的2．chainn．鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈3．a(chǎn)cidn．酸4．multiplyv．乘；增添5．gravityn．萬(wàn)有引力；重力6．exhaustvt.用盡；耗盡；使筋疲力盡7．satelliten．衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星8．spaceshipn．宇宙飛船9．a(chǎn)stronomyn．天文學(xué)10．carbonn．碳拓展聯(lián)想un-前綴高頻形容詞集錦unlike不像的②unfair不公正的③unimportant不重要的④unusual不平常的⑤unhappy不幸福的⑥unfortunate不好運(yùn)的unnecessary不需要的以-ful結(jié)尾的形容詞①harmful有害的②useful實(shí)用的③helpful有幫助的④powerful強(qiáng)盛的⑤careful當(dāng)心的⑥forgetful健忘的sorrowful傷心的3.后綴-ist名詞薈萃①biologist生物學(xué)家②tourist旅行者；旅客③physicist物理學(xué)家④scientist科學(xué)家⑤psychologist心理學(xué)家⑥specialist

專家⑦artist

藝術(shù)家熟詞生義你知道下邊句子中黑體詞的漢語(yǔ)意思嗎？1．(2017·浙江卷)Macheardalargevehiclebehindhim.He

pulled

infrontofitasthewolfwascatchingupfast,justadozenyardsawaynow.

泊車2．Asweknow，Japan，madeupofachainofislandsthatlieoffthecoastofAsia，isacountrywherenaturaldisastersoccurfrequently.一系列；一連串3．Smallbusinessesarefindingithardtosurviveinthepresenteconomicclimate.環(huán)境[短語(yǔ)多維應(yīng)用][語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用]采用左側(cè)短語(yǔ)的適合形式填空。1.in_time實(shí)時(shí)；終于①Now_thatweallunderstandthatthe高2．prevent_...from阻擋；遏止hazeisharmfultoourhealth，weshould頻3．now_that既然takeeffectivemeasuresto②prevent短4．cheer_up感覺(jué)快樂(lè)；感覺(jué)振奮it③fromgettingfrombadtoworse.No語(yǔ)5．lay_eggs下蛋matterwhathappens，wemust④6．give_birth_to產(chǎn)生；臨盆cheer_upandtrytoreducethepollution.Ifwekeepon，we'llsucceed⑤in_time.[語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用]采用左側(cè)短語(yǔ)的適合形式填7.in_one's_turn輪到某人空。8．watch_out_for親密注意；當(dāng)心；Afire⑥broke_outinthebuilding高防備lastnight.Luckily，thefirefighters9．depend_on依賴；取決于arrivedintimeandputoutthefire.We頻10．break_outwerewarnedto⑦watch_out_for短突發(fā)；迸發(fā)11．block_out擋住(光芒)electricityandgaswhencookingour語(yǔ)12．get_the_hang_of熟習(xí)；掌握；meals.Thankstothefirefighters'理解help，wewerenotinjured.Theyarethe13．a(chǎn)t_midnight在子夜menthatwecan⑧depend_onwhenweareintrouble.1．表達(dá)“當(dāng)心；當(dāng)心”的拓高頻短語(yǔ)薈萃④becareful當(dāng)心②stop/preventsb.from2．“v....from”表“阻doingsth.展①watchout(for)止，嚴(yán)禁”短語(yǔ)③bansb.fromdoingsth.聯(lián)當(dāng)心；當(dāng)心①discouragesb.from④keepsb.fromdoing②lookout想當(dāng)心③takecaredoingsth.sth.當(dāng)心[句式構(gòu)造仿寫(xiě)]教材原句背誦1.whether...ornot能否。Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.2.makeit＋adj.＋todosth.。Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋as。ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.形容詞作陪伴狀語(yǔ)。Wewatched，amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'sgravityincreased.

句式仿寫(xiě)應(yīng)用他們能否能夠經(jīng)過(guò)溝通達(dá)成協(xié)議還不清楚。It'snotclearwhethertheyareabletoarriveatanagreementthroughcommunicationor_not.我精曉英語(yǔ)，這使我更簡(jiǎn)單找到一份好工作。IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish，whichmakes_it_easier_for_me_to_findagoodjob.我付出的時(shí)間和精力是從前的三倍多，所以我相信我此次能成功。Idevotedthree_times_as_much_time_and_energy_asIdidbefore，soIbelieveIwillsucceedthistime.他在風(fēng)雪中待了七天，又冷又餓。Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow，cold_and_hungry.精講3個(gè)考綱單詞1．harmfuladj.有害的單句語(yǔ)法填空Asweallknow，abadeatinghabitisharmful(harm)toone'shealth.AsfarasI'mconcerned，thereisnoharminmakinganapologytohimfirst.(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——一句多譯盡人皆知，過(guò)度飲酒對(duì)你的健康有害。①Itisknowntousthatdrinkingtoomuchis_harmful_to_your_health．(harmful)②Itisknowntousthatdrinkingtoomuchdoes_harm_to_your_health．(harmn．)先理解再切記(1)beharmfultosb./sth.對(duì)某人/某物有害do/causeharmtosb.(2)對(duì)某人有害do/causesb.harmThereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事沒(méi)(3)有缺點(diǎn)Itdoesnoharmtodosth.[佳句背誦]Thesedayscausing/doingseriousharmto

，breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarecommon，lifeandtheenvironment.2.existvi.存在；生計(jì)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence(exist)．②Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultytheyhaveexisting(exist)onthemoneyheisearning.③Thereexistsawiderangeofdifferentopinionsamongthecommitteemembers.(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——達(dá)成句子固然很多人有了汽車，可是泊車倒是個(gè)現(xiàn)存的問(wèn)題。Manypeoplehavecarsoftheirown，butparkingis_an_existing_problem．先理解再切記(1)existin...存在于之中existon...靠為生Thereexists...某地有；存在(2)existencen．存在；生計(jì)comeintoexistence產(chǎn)生；建立；開(kāi)始存在(3)existingadj.現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)行的[名師點(diǎn)津]exist是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。existing是只作定語(yǔ)的形容詞。puzzlevt.(使)誘惑；(使)犯難；(使)窘困；感覺(jué)誘惑n．(游戲的)猜謎；難題；謎單句語(yǔ)法填空①Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsuchapuzzlingquestion，shestoodtherewithapuzzledlookonherface.(puzzle)②Shelostheartsinceshefailedintheexam，becauseherfuturewaspuzzling(puzzle)．③Thepolicearestillpuzzlingabout/overhowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——達(dá)成句子事實(shí)上，困擾你的事情關(guān)于中國(guó)的很多父親母親來(lái)說(shuō)也是一個(gè)難題。What_puzzles_you_is_actually_a_puzzle_tomanyparentsinChina.先理解再切記(1)puzzleabout/over絞盡腦汁；苦苦考慮(2)apuzzletosb.一件讓某人感覺(jué)疑惑的事情(3)puzzlingadj.令人誘惑的(4)puzzledadj.疑惑不解的；疑惑的bepuzzledabout

對(duì)疑惑不解[名師點(diǎn)津

]

以-ed

結(jié)尾的形容詞，如

puzzled

，confused

，frightened

，excited

，surprised等，除了能夠用來(lái)描繪人的心理活動(dòng)之外，還能夠用來(lái)修飾與人相關(guān)的一些名詞，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。解說(shuō)3個(gè)核心短語(yǔ)1．intime實(shí)時(shí)；終于；早晚單句語(yǔ)法填空①AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Atonetime，Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreefromthem.③Luckily，Iadaptedtothenewsurroundingsandeverythingreturnedtonormalinnotime.(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——達(dá)成句子我深信我們的努力早晚會(huì)有所回報(bào)。Iholdthefirmbeliefthatoureffortswill_pay_off_sooner_or_later/in_time.先理解再切記(1)innotime

馬上；馬上atnotime

決不(位于句首時(shí)，句子須用部分倒裝構(gòu)造

)atatime

每次；一次attimes有時(shí)，有時(shí)atonetime以前；一度atthesametime

同時(shí)fromtimetotime

有時(shí)；有時(shí)(2)takeone'stime

別焦急；慢慢來(lái)killtime

消磨時(shí)間2.inone'sturn

輪到某人(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Atthemeetingtheytookturnsto_put(put)

forward

anumberofsuggestionsaimingtopromotethereformofeducationsystem.Theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice.(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——一句多譯兩個(gè)女兒輪番照料患病的母親。①Thetwodaughterslookedaftertheirsickmotherby_turns．Thetwodaughterstook_turns_tolookaftertheirsickmother.先理解再切記inturn挨次；輪番；反之；反過(guò)來(lái)byturns

輪番；交替地taketurnstodosth.

輪番做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.

輪到某人做某事[佳句背誦]

Peopletrytoavoidpublic

transportation

delaysbyusingtheir

owncars

，whichinturn

createsmoreproblems.3.cheerup

(使)快樂(lè)；(使)振奮；感覺(jué)快樂(lè)；感覺(jué)振奮(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①CheerMaryup，andthingswillworkoutforthebest.②Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstill

there

tocheeronherfriends

andpraisetheiraccomplishments.(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——詞匯升級(jí)(一般表達(dá))WhenI'mfeelingsad，mymothertellsmefunnystoriestomakemehappy.(高級(jí)表達(dá))WhenI'mfeelingdepressed，mymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheer_me_up．先理解再切記(1)cheersb.up

使某人抖擻起來(lái)cheersb.on(

競(jìng)賽中

)以喝采聲鼓舞；為某人加油cheerfor

為而喝彩(2)Cheers干杯！[佳句背誦]Idohopeshecancheerupandacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!打破2個(gè)高考句型1．

(

教材

P26)This

produced

achain

reaction

，

which

made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop．這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反響，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。[重點(diǎn)提煉]makeit＋adj./n.＋forsb.todosth.，此中it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而真實(shí)的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式。(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Peopleinthewestmakeitaruleto_buy(buy)Christmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.Iconsideritnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——一句多譯跟著一每日過(guò)去，我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難和他相處。①Withdaysgoingby，Ifound(that)_it_was_hard_to_get_alongwellwithhim.(賓語(yǔ)從句)②Withdaysgoingby，Ifoundit_hard_to_get_alongwellwithhim.(不定式作賓語(yǔ))先理解再切記(1)make＋it＋形容詞/名詞＋that從句make＋it＋形容詞/名詞＋todo不定式make＋it＋nogood/nouse...＋doingsth.(2)常用于這類句型的動(dòng)詞還有：

think

，consider

，find

，feel

等。2.(

教材

P31)But

whenI

tried

to

step

forward

，I

found

I

wascarriedtwice_as_far_asontheearthandfellover.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我覺(jué)察我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因此我跌倒了。[重點(diǎn)提煉]twiceasfaras...是倍數(shù)的一種表示方法，意為“是的兩倍遠(yuǎn)”。(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thisbigstoneisthreetimesasheavy(heavy)asthatone.Therearefourtimesmore(many)booksinourlibrarythaninyours.(2)[鏈接寫(xiě)作]——一句多譯正在修筑的教課樓是那棟教課樓的三倍高。①Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnowis_three_times_as_high_asthatone.(high)②Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnowis_three_times_higher_thanthatone.(higher)③Theteachingbuildingbeingbuiltnowis_three_times_the_height_ofthatone.(height)先理解再切記英語(yǔ)中常有的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋原級(jí)＋asBA＋be＋倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋thanBA＋be＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size/weight/length...)＋ofBA＋倍數(shù)＋what從句，表示“A是的多少倍”[名師點(diǎn)津

]

在表示“兩倍”時(shí)要用

double

或

twice

，三倍或三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞＋times”。倍數(shù)有時(shí)也能夠用分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、

half

等來(lái)替代。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thewomanphysicistgave(give)birthtoafinehealthygirllastyear.2．Noonecanaccountforthereasonwhythefirebroke(break)outsosuddenly.3．Thetwotheories(theory)heputforwardfinallyprovedscientific.4．Asisknowntous，thePeople'sRepublicofChinacameintoexistence(exist)asanindependentcountryin1949.5．Notallpeopleareawareofthevariouseffectsofglobal(globe)warmingonEarth.6．Itdoesn'tmattermuchwhetherTomwillcometothepartyornottonight.7．Newtonwasoneofthegreatest

physicists(physics)

intheworld

andmanypeopleadmirehimverymuch.8．Unlike(like)mostpeopleintheofficewhocometoworkbycarcometoworkbybus.

，Iusually9．Theconversationwascarriedoninaharmoniousandfriendlyatmosphere.10．Thenewteackingbuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbethreetimeshiggerthanthepresentone.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Thesunheatstheearth，whichmakespossibleforplantstogrow.makes后加

it2．Wanderinginthecountryside

，Icouldfeelthewindgentleblowingthroughmyhair.gentle

→gently3．There

issomuchrainontheisland

thatits

annualrainfall

reachesasmanyassixtyinches.

many→much4．Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherethathisemployeesenjoytheirwork.

that

→where5．Thetwinbrothersstoodunderthetree

，puzzlingandsayingnothing.puzzling→puzzledⅠ.課文語(yǔ)法填空依據(jù)P25－26課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適合的單詞或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theearthwasjustacloudofdust1.whosefutureisuncertainafterthe“BigBang”．Thenthedustbegantosettleintoasolidballwhichwasso2.violent(violence)andexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintime3.to_produce(produce)manythings，whichmadetheearth'satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown，waterbegantoappearanditallowedtheearthtodissolve4.harmful(harm)gases.Thenlifebegantodevelop.Manymillionsofyearslater，smallplantsappeared.Theymultipliedand5.filled(fill)theoceansandseaswithoxygen.Land6.animals(animal)followedafterthefirstgreenplantsappeared.Thensmallcleveranimalsspreadall7.overtheearth.Humansdevelopednewmeansofgrowing，huntingandmovingaround.Astimewentbytheycoveredtheearth.Nowtoomuchcarbondioxidehasbeenputintotheatmosphere，whichpreventsheatfrom8.escaping(escape)fromtheearthintospace.As9.aresult，theproblemofglobalwarmingoccurs.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyears10.to_come(come)willdependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.Ⅱ.寫(xiě)作改錯(cuò)雙練依據(jù)提示運(yùn)用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)達(dá)成下邊小作文，并更正學(xué)生習(xí)作。1．據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)今年我們這里發(fā)生火災(zāi)的次數(shù)是昨年的

3倍。(three

times

asmanyfires

as)2．上個(gè)禮拜六，光明路上的一家百貨商場(chǎng)發(fā)生大火。

(breakout)3．路上有那么多車輛和人以致于消防人員不可以經(jīng)過(guò)，消防車很難湊近現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。(getthrough；getcloseto)4．依賴他們豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，消防人員最終阻擋了火災(zāi)的蔓延。(dependon；prevent...from)5．不言而喻，我們能否能阻擋火災(zāi)取決于我們能否有安全意識(shí)。(asenseofsafety)第一步：練寫(xiě)作用適合的連結(jié)詞將上述句子連成一篇短文。_______________