高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)外研通用版教師用書(shū)選修8MODULE3FOREIGNFOOD

1．owev． 應(yīng)給予2．consequencen. 后果3．transformv. 轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)變4．poisonn．毒藥v.下毒，使中毒→poisonousadj.有毒的5．tasten．味道；品味，愛(ài)好v．嘗，體會(huì)→tastyadj.美味可口的→tastelessadj.無(wú)滋味的6．mannern．方式；方法→mannersn．行為；禮貌7．requirementn．要求→requirevt.要求；需要8．remarkv．談到；說(shuō)起→remarkableadj.顯著的，異常的，非凡的，值得注意的9．consumev．(正式)吃；喝；消耗；消費(fèi)→consumern．消費(fèi)者10．gradualadj.逐漸的；逐步的→graduallyadv.逐漸地；逐步地11．customern．顧客→customsn．海關(guān)；關(guān)稅→customn．風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣12．chewv. 咀嚼13．trendn. 趨勢(shì)，趨向14．rawadj. 生的15．a(chǎn)rtificialadj. 人造的；人工的16．fragrantadj. 香的，芳香的17．complimentn. 贊美18．a(chǎn)bundantadj. 豐富的；充裕的19．ripeadj. (水果或莊稼)成熟的20．a(chǎn)ltogetheradv. 總的說(shuō)來(lái)；總而言之21．a(chǎn)mpleadj. 充足的；充裕的22．patternn. 圖案23．overheadadv. 在頭頂上；在空中[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空]1．Hemadegradualprogressinhisstudyandgraduallyhebecameapopularstudent.(gradual)2．Themushroomscontainpoisonandmanypeoplewerepoisonedbecausetheyhadeatenthepoisonousmushrooms.(poison)3．Sheoftengreetsmeinafriendlymanner，soIthinksheisapersonwithgoodmanners．(manner)4．Allthestudentsarerequiredtotakeanexamaftertakingthecourseandanyonewhofailstomeettherequirementswillfail.(require)5．Ittookthecustomeronlyafewminutestogetthroughthecustoms．AfterhearrivesinAmerica，heshouldfollowtheircustoms．(custom)1．no__wonder 難怪2．end__up 結(jié)束3．make__out 看出；理解4．have...in__common 與……有共同點(diǎn)5．in__short 總之；簡(jiǎn)言之6．set__fire__to 放火燒……7．be__popular__with 受歡迎8．go__against 違反，違背[選用以上短語(yǔ)填空]1．(2018·廈門(mén)質(zhì)檢)Hehasbeenworkingsohard.No__wonderhecouldanswersuchadifficultquestion.2．Shedidn’trecognizethemanwhohitherbecauseshecouldonlymake__outadarkfiguremovingtowardsher.3．Alwayssurroundedbyhonors,praisesandgifts,youngkidsnowadaysareeasytosufferpsychologicalproblemswhenthingsgo__againstthem.4．Jackisgood,kind,hard-workingandintelligent.In__short,__Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.5．Ingeneral,thetwoscientists’methodshavemuchin__common,__buttheresultsarequitedifferent.eq\a\vs4\al()前“因”后“果”名詞小結(jié)①reason 理由②cause 原因③result 結(jié)果④consequence 后果⑤outcome 結(jié)果；結(jié)局“說(shuō)”之種種①remark 談到；說(shuō)起②add 繼續(xù)說(shuō)；補(bǔ)充說(shuō)③complain 抱怨說(shuō)④goon 接著說(shuō)；繼續(xù)說(shuō)⑤warn 警告說(shuō)；提醒說(shuō)⑥whisper 低聲說(shuō)；私下說(shuō)“v.＋against”短語(yǔ)大觀園①goagainst 違背，違反②fightagainst 與……斗爭(zhēng)③competeagainst 與……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)④struggleagainst 與……作斗爭(zhēng)⑤playagainst 與……比賽1．couldnothavedone意為“(過(guò)去)不可能做某事”IhadeatenChinesefoodoften，butIcouldnothaveimaginedhowfabulousarealChinesebanquetcouldbe.2．thefirsttime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“第一次……”ThefirsttimeIsawathree-year-oldkidcheerfullychewingachicken’sheadIhadbaddreamsforweeks.3．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who...ItseemedtobejustabowlofgreyliquidanditwasonlyafterIhadtasteditthatIknewitwasactuallycookedwithmushrooms.4．do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)ButonethingIdoadmireisthepolitemannerinwhichBritishpeopleeat，evenifitisjustapotato.[句式仿寫(xiě)]1．他不可能離開(kāi)了這兒，因?yàn)樗拇笠逻€在這兒。Hecould__not__have__left__herebecausehiscoatisstillhere.2．第一次見(jiàn)到湯姆時(shí)，他正在英語(yǔ)角與一些學(xué)生交談。The__first__time__I__saw__Tom,__hewastalkingtosomestudentsattheEnglishCorner.3．直到我回來(lái)以后，我才聽(tīng)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)動(dòng)身去北京了。It__was__only__after__I__came__back__thatIheardthathehadleftforBeijing.4．我們政府的確需要采取一些措施來(lái)降低房?jī)r(jià)。Ourgovernmentdoes__needtotakesomemeasurestoreducethehousingprice.owevi.欠錢(qián)vt.欠(債等)；歸功于；應(yīng)感謝[佳句背誦]HowmuchdoIoweyouforlunch?吃午飯我欠你多少錢(qián)？(牛津詞典)Thanksforstickingupforme——Ioweyouafavour.謝謝你支持我，我欠你一個(gè)人情。[考點(diǎn)對(duì)接]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)①Theseearlysettlersowedtheirsurvivaltohardworkanddeterminationtosucceed.②(上海卷)Owing(owe)tobadweather,theflightwasdelayedforacoupleofhours.③IowedtothedoctorsthatIsurvivedsuchasevereaccident.在owed后加iteq\a\vs4\al()(1)owesb.sth.＝owesb. 欠某人某物owe 把……歸功于； 為……而感謝oweittosb.that... 多虧了某人……(2)owingto 因?yàn)?，由于如果owe的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式或名詞性從句，可使用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，將充當(dāng)真正賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式或名詞性從句放在句尾。[能力提升]——完成句子他將自己的個(gè)人成功更多地歸功于多年的努力工作而不是運(yùn)氣。Heowed__his__personal__success__more__to__his__years__of__hard__work__than__tohisgoodluck.remarkn．評(píng)論；談?wù)搗．評(píng)論；說(shuō)起；談到[佳句背誦](朗文辭典)Shecouldheartheothergirlsmakingruderemarksabouther.她可以聽(tīng)見(jiàn)其他女孩在說(shuō)她的壞話。Tomlefttheofficehurriedly,remarkingthathehadsomeworktodo.湯姆匆匆忙忙地離開(kāi)了辦公室，說(shuō)他還有事情要做。[考點(diǎn)對(duì)接]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Heremarkedon/uponhistriptoGermany,sayingthatitwasanunforgettableexperience.②PresidentXiJinpingmadearemarkablespeechonthe19thCPCNationalCongress.HisremarksinspiredalltheChinesepeople.(remark)eq\a\vs4\al()(1)remarkon/upon 就……發(fā)表意見(jiàn)/評(píng)論remarkthat... 談到；說(shuō)起(2)makearemarkon/about 就……發(fā)表意見(jiàn)；對(duì)……評(píng)頭論足(3)remarkableadj. 值得注意的；顯著的；非凡的[能力提升]——一句多譯對(duì)別人的相貌評(píng)頭論足是沒(méi)有禮貌的。①I(mǎi)t’s__impolite__to__make__a__remark__on/abouttheappearanceofothers.(remarkn．)②It’s__impolite__to__remark__on/upontheappearanceofothers.(remarkv．)consequencen．結(jié)果，后果；重要性[佳句背誦](朗文辭典)Manypeoplebelievethatpovertyisadirectconsequenceofoverpopulation.許多人認(rèn)為貧困是人口過(guò)多的直接后果。(朗文辭典)Hebrokethelaw,andnowhemustfacetheconsequencesofhisaction.他觸犯了法律，現(xiàn)在必須承擔(dān)自己的行為帶來(lái)的后果。[考點(diǎn)對(duì)接]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①M(fèi)anyhousesweredestroyedinthestrongtyphoon;asaconsequence,temporaryshelterswereingreatneed.②Asaconsequenceofhisillness,hecouldn’tgotoschool.Consequently,hefellbehindhisclassmates.eq\a\vs4\al()asaconsequence＝asaresult 因此，所以asaconsequenceof＝asaresultof 由于；因?yàn)椤木壒蔮eoflittle/noconsequence 不重要的；無(wú)足輕重的answerfortheconsequence 對(duì)后果負(fù)責(zé)take/facetheconsequencesofsth. 承擔(dān)……的后果[能力提升1]——詞匯升級(jí)(普通表達(dá))Don’tworry.Whereheisfromisnotimportanttome.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Don’tworry.Whereheisfromisof__no__consequence/importancetome.[能力提升2]——一句多譯由于缺乏支持，這個(gè)計(jì)劃失敗了，這讓我很傷心。①As__a__consequence__oflackofsupport,theplanbrokedown,whichmademeupset.②Theplanlackedsupport.As__a__consequence,__itbrokedown,whichmademeupset.transformvt.改變，改造；使改觀，使轉(zhuǎn)化[佳句背誦](牛津詞典)Itwasaneventthatwouldtransformmylife.那是能夠改變我一生的一件事。Withtheseyears’development,Chinawillbetransformedintoanadvancedindustrialcountry.經(jīng)過(guò)這些年的發(fā)展，中國(guó)將變成一個(gè)先進(jìn)的工業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)。[考點(diǎn)對(duì)接]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)tisasurprisethatthecityhasbeentransformedfromasmalltownto/intoamodernindustrialcenterinrecenttenyears.②Thepasttenyearshaswitnessedacompletetransformation(transform)ofourcountry.eq\a\vs4\al()(1)o... 把……改變成……transformfrom...to/into... 從……中轉(zhuǎn)變……(2)transformationn. 轉(zhuǎn)化；改變前綴trans-有兩種意義：(1)表示“進(jìn)入(另一地方)，成為(另一狀態(tài))”。如：transfervt.轉(zhuǎn)移；遷移；transmitvt.傳播；傳輸；transportvt.運(yùn)輸；傳送；transplant移植(器官等)；translate翻譯。另一種表示“超越，橫穿，通過(guò)”。如：transnational跨國(guó)的；transcontinental橫穿大陸的。[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)(普通表達(dá))I’mfullyawarethattheexperiencefrommylifeabroadhastotallytransformedme.(高級(jí)表達(dá))I’mfullyawarethatit’s__the__experience__from__my__life__abroad__that__has__totally__transformed__me．(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)makeout理解；辨認(rèn)出；填寫(xiě)[佳句背誦](牛津詞典)IcouldhearvoicesbutIcouldn’tmakeoutwhattheyweresaying.我能聽(tīng)到說(shuō)話的聲音，卻聽(tīng)不清他們?cè)谡f(shuō)什么。Annahasalwaysmadeoutthatshecomesfromarichfamily,butitisn’ttrue.安娜總是假稱(chēng)她來(lái)自富人家庭，但那不是真的。[一詞多義]——寫(xiě)出下列句中makeout的含義①(安徽卷)Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeoutwhatitisheistryingtoexpress.理解，__明白②(山東卷)Icouldbarelymakeoutthestageinthedarkness.辨認(rèn)出③Shemadeoutacheckandhandedittome.填寫(xiě)eq\a\vs4\al()makeup 化妝；構(gòu)成；編造；和好makeupfor 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償makesense 有意義；能理解makesenseof 理解；明白makeuseof 利用makethemost/bestof 充分利用makeit 成功；準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)，趕上與makeout經(jīng)?；煜亩陶Z(yǔ)：findout弄清楚，查明白；workout算出；弄懂；想出；解決；產(chǎn)生結(jié)果。[能力提升]——完成句子①(天津卷)在一些語(yǔ)言中，100個(gè)詞構(gòu)成了日常對(duì)話使用的所有詞匯的一半。Insomelanguages,100wordsmake__up__half__of__all__wordsusedindailyconversations.②(山東卷)只要你有夢(mèng)想，不斷努力就一定會(huì)成功。Aslongasyouhaveadream,keep__trying__and__you’ll__make__it．(教材佳句)ButonethingIdoadmireisthepolitemannerinwhichBritishpeopleeat，evenifitisjustapotato.但是讓我非常佩服的是英國(guó)人吃飯的舉止，哪怕僅僅是一個(gè)土豆，他們也會(huì)吃得斯斯文文。eq\a\vs4\al()句中Idoadmire是一個(gè)省略了關(guān)系詞的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾onething，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞admire前加了do表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。①Forthehappinessofyourfamily,doobeytrafficrules.為了您的家庭幸福，請(qǐng)務(wù)必遵守交通規(guī)則。②Hedidcomeyesterdaybutsoonwentbackbecauseofanimportantmeeting.他昨天的確來(lái)了，但因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)很重要的會(huì)議他很快就回去了。[考點(diǎn)對(duì)接]——單句改錯(cuò)①Doeswritetouswhenyougetthereincaseweworryaboutyou.Does→Do②ShedidtoldmeaboutheraddressbutIforgotallaboutit.told→telleq\a\vs4\al()(1)“do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句，意為“確實(shí)；的確”，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣，但須符合兩個(gè)條件：句子是肯定句；句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。(2)若強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等，則應(yīng)用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who引導(dǎo)的從句。(3)在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，可用intheworld,onearth,atall等介詞短語(yǔ)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，常翻譯成“到底，究竟”或“根本(不)，一點(diǎn)也(不)”。[能力提升]——句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Shelikeslisteningtopopsongs.(強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)→She__does__like__listening__to__pop__songs.②Jackdidn’tunderstandwhyshewasangrywithhimuntilhismothertoldhimeverything.(強(qiáng)調(diào)加黑部分)→It__was__not__until__his__mother__told__him__everything__that__Jack__understood__why__she__was__angry__with__him.③Whenwillourschoolholdthesportsmeeting?(用onearth強(qiáng)調(diào))→When__on__earth__will__our__school__hold__the__sports__meeting?eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Manyfactoriesandbanksinsomecountriescloseddownasadirectconsequenceofthewar.2．Whensheisputinasituationwhereshehastomakearemarkon/aboutothers,sheusuallychangesthetopic.3．Somethingmustbedonetopreventfactoriessendingoutpoisonous(poison)gasessoastokeepthecityfrombeingpolluted.4．(2016·浙江卷6月)Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort,he’sreliable.5．(2018·安徽省級(jí)名校聯(lián)考)Therearesomanygreentreesandbeautifulflowerseverywhere.Itisnowonderthattheairhereissofresh.6．Foodstasting(taste)good，likemilkandcookies，arecalledcomfortfoodsbecausetheymakeyoufeelbetter.7．TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotrytomakeitout．8．Undergivenconditions,theharmfulcanbe__transformed(transform)intothebeneficial.9．Weweregoingtogoout,butendedupwatching(watch)TVathomebecauseoftherain.10．Theyoungmansettingfiretothehousewascaughtonthescene.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯(cuò)1．(2018·湖南省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)Whenwedoesmakeamistake,wemustcorrectitfully,openly,andasquicklyaspossible.does→do2．Heowestohisdoctor’scarethatheisquitewellagain.owes后加it3．ThefirsttimewhenImethim,hewasworkingasasecretaryinabigcompany.去掉when4．Itwerethreebooksthattheyboughtthedaybeforeyesterday.were→was5．Wemusthavecometotheparty,butwewerecaughtinthetrafficjam.must→couldeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)單元語(yǔ)法(復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)從句)1．(2018·江西宜春四校聯(lián)考)Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,whereweenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.2．(2018·湖南懷化一模)Afteraboutanhour’sdrive,wereachedthesmalltownwhereIwasbroughtup,andwhichislocatedatthefootofthemountain.3．(2018·江蘇啟東中學(xué)月考)Thosehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.4．(2018·湖北重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體聯(lián)考)Caoisadeeplycommittedwriter,whosedifficultchildhoodhasagreatinfluenceonhiswriting.5．(2018·重慶南開(kāi)中學(xué)月考)However,bythe1940swhenelectricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasoftheUnitedStates,windmillswererarelyused.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材與語(yǔ)法填空根據(jù)教材課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。IthinkthatChinesepeoplearesometimes1.obsessed(obsess)withfood.ArealChinesebanquetcouldbeveryfabulous.Thefirstsixorsevendishesseemed2.to__fill(fill)thetable，withplatesdangerously3.balanced(balance)oneontopofanother.4.Surprisingly(surprising),moredishesarrived.Anotheraspectof“foodculture”is5.thattheChineseseemtoeatalmosteverypartofeveryanimal.Britishpeoplelikecoldfood,6.whileinChina，coldfoodmeanspoverty—youdon’tgiveittoaguest！IalsolearnedthattheEnglishliketomixfood7.beforeservingitatthetable.Thefoodhere8.goes(go)againsttheChinesesenseofbeautyandstyleatthedinnertable.Chinesedishescan9.be__photographed(photograph)andhaveanice10.appearance(appear)．eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)教材與話題寫(xiě)作(Ⅰ)用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)完成下列句子。1．瑪麗和大多數(shù)女孩有共同點(diǎn)，即非常喜歡甜食。(have...incommon;dessert)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Maryhassomethingincommonwithmostgirls—shelikesdessertverymuch.2．甜食富含糖類(lèi)，而糖可以轉(zhuǎn)化成脂肪，難怪瑪麗會(huì)如此胖。(abundant;transform;nowonder)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Dessertisabundantinsugar,whilesugarcanbetransformedintofat.NowonderMaryissofat.3．營(yíng)養(yǎng)專(zhuān)家說(shuō)，甜食不但能使人發(fā)胖而且還能引起其他嚴(yán)重的后果。(remark;consequence)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Nutritionexpertsremarkthatdessertcannotonlymakepeoplefatbutalsobringaboutotherseriousconsequences.4．所以我們?cè)谡写腿藭r(shí)，也要減少甜食的量。(entertain;guest)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whenweentertainguests,weshouldreducetheamountofsweets.5．總之，為了身體健康，我們要平衡飲食，加強(qiáng)鍛煉。(inshort)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Inshort,inordertohaveahealthybody,weshouldeatabalanceddietandtakemoreexercise.(Ⅱ)將以上句子連成短文，要求銜接連貫、過(guò)渡自然。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)下面是李華的一篇作文，文中有五處錯(cuò)誤，改正錯(cuò)誤并背誦該文。Maryhassomethingincommontomostgirls—shelikesdessertverymuch.Dessertisabundantinsugar,whilesugarcantransformedintofat.NowonderwhyMaryissofat.Nutritionexpertsremarkthatdessertcannotonlymakepeoplefatbutalsobringaboutotherseriousconsequences.Sowhenweentertainguests,weshouldreducetheamountofsweets.Inshort,inordertohaveahealthbody,weshouldeatabalanceddietandtakemoreexercises.答案：Maryhassomethingincommoneq\f(to,with)mostgirls—shelikesdessertverymuch.Dessertisabundantinsugar,whilesugarcaneq\o(\s\up7(∧,be))transformedintofat.Nowondereq\o(why,\s\up0(＼))Maryissofat.Nutritionexpertsremarkthatdessertcannotonlymakepeoplefatbutalsobringaboutotherseriousconsequences.Sowhenweentertainguests,weshouldreducetheamountofsweets.Inshort,inordertohaveaeq\f(health,healthy)body,weshouldeatabalanceddietandtakemoreeq\f(exercises,exercise).eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解A(2018·濟(jì)南高三針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練)ThemodernpizzawasoriginallyinventedinNaples，Italy，butthewordpizzaisGreekinorigin，derivedfromtheGreekwordpēktosmeaningsolidorancientGreekscoveredtheirbreadwithoils，herbsandchfirstmajorinnovationthatledtoflatbreadpizzawastheuseoftomatoasawascommonforthepooroftheareaaroundNaplestoaddtomatoestotheiryeast－basedflatbread，andsothepizzabegan.Whileitisdifficulttosayforsurewhoinventedthepizza，itishoweverbelievedthatmodernpizzawasfirstmadebybakerRaffaeleEspositooffact，apopularurbanlegendholdsthatthearchetypal(原型的)pizza，PizzaMargherita，wasinventedin1890，whentheRoyalPalaceofCapodimonteaskedtheNeapolitanpizzaioloRaffaeleEspositotocreateapizzainhonorofthevisitingQueenthethreedifferentpizzashecreated，theQueenstronglypreferredapiewrappedinthecolorsoftheItalianflag：red(tomato)，green(basil)，andwhite(mozzarella)．Supposedly，thiskindofpizzawasthennamedaftertheQueenasPizzaMargherita.Later，thedishhasbecomepopularinmanypartsoftheworld：·Thefirstpizzeria，AnticaPizzeriaPort’Alba，wasopenedin1830inNaples.·InNorthAmerica，thefirstpizzeriawasopenedin1905byGennaroLombardiat53SpringStreetinNewYorkCity.·ThefirstPizzaHut，thechainofpizzarestaurantsappearedintheUnitedStatesin1958.·Nowadays，manyvarietiesofpizzaexistworldwide，alongwithseveraldishvariantsbaseduponpizza.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了比薩的歷史起源。1．What’smainlytalkedaboutinthetext?A．Waysofmakingpizza.B．Thehistoryofpizza.C．Varietiesofpizza.D．Storiesaboutpizza.B解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“ThemodernpizzawasoriginallyinventedinNaples，Italy，butthewordpizzaisGreekinorigin”以及文章的整體內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了比薩的歷史起源。2．Whatcanreplacetheunderlinedword“derived”inParagraph1?A．Separated. B．Adapted.C．Originated. D．Transformed.C解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段的“ThemodernpizzawasoriginallyinventedinNaples，Italy”可知，此處說(shuō)的是比薩起源于希臘單詞“pēktos”，故畫(huà)線詞意為“發(fā)源，開(kāi)始”，故選C。3．Howwaspizzafirststarted?A．AncientGreekscoveredtheirbreadwithoils，herbsandcheese.B．PeopleinNaplesaddedtomatoestotheirbreadasatopping.C．RaffaeleEspositowrappedapieinthecolorsoftheItalianflag.D．QueenMargheritaawardedhernametopizzaintheRoyalPalace.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，那不勒斯人先在面包上用西紅柿作為配料，由此開(kāi)創(chuàng)了比薩這種食品，故選B。4．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A．Pizzaremainspopulararoundtheworld.B．ThefirstPizzaHutwasopenedinNaples.C．Thetasteofpizzastaysthesameovertime.D．GennaroLombardiwasthefirsttomakepizza.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的“Later，thedishhasbecomepopularinmanypartsoftheworld”和“Nowadays，manyvarietiesofpizzaexistworldwide，alongwithseveraldishvariantsbaseduponpizza.”可知，比薩現(xiàn)在在全世界依然很受歡迎，故選A。B(2018·遼寧大連雙基測(cè)試)Wheneverweseeabutton,wewanttopressitbecauseweknowthatsomethingwillistrueinmostcases,forexample,onadoosomebuttonsareactuallyfake(假的),likethe“close”buttononalift.Manypeopleareinthehabitofpressingthe“close”buttonbecausetheydon’thavethepatiencetolifts’“close”buttonsareacompletetrick,atleastintheU．S.—thedoorswillnotcloseanyfasternomatterhowhardyoupress.Itstartedinthe1990swhentheAmericanswithDisabilitiesActwaspassedintheU．S.,makingsurethatallliftsstayedopenlongenoughsothatpeoplewithdisabilitiescouldentersafelrepairworkerscanusethebuttonstospeedupthedoorclosingprocessiftheyhavespecialkeys.Buttonormalliftriders,thebuttonsaren’tcompletelytopsychologists,fakebuttonscanactuallymakeyoufeelbetterbyofferingyouasenseofcontrol.“Asenseofcontrolisveryreducesstressandincreaseswell-being，”saidEllenJ．Langer,apsychologyprofessoratHarvardalsoaddedthatalotofbuttonsthatdon’tdoanythingexistinourlivesforthissamepurpose.Forexample,pedestriancrosswalkbuttonsdon’tliveuptotheirnamesthemusedtohelpmakethetrafficsignalschangefaster,butthatwasbeforecomputer-controlledtrafficsignalswereintroduced.Butpsychologistsfounditinterestingthatevenwhenpeopleareawareoftheselittle“whitelies”，theystillcontinuetopushfakebuttonsbecauseaslongasthedoorseventuallyclose,itisconsideredtobeworththeeffort.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了我們平時(shí)生活中所見(jiàn)到的按鈕可能是不起作用的。5．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Todescribedifferentfakebuttons.B．Toexplorethefunctionsoffakebuttons.C．Toanalyzevarioushabitsofpushingbuttons.D．Toexplainthedisadvantagesoffakebuttons.B解析：寫(xiě)作意圖題。通讀整篇文章可知，作者通過(guò)舉例子介紹了不同地點(diǎn)的虛假按鈕，其目的是探求這些虛假按鈕的功能。故選B。6．Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“close”buttonsonaliftinAmerica?A．Theyworkwhenpeoplepressthemhard.B．Theyweredesignedforasenseofcontrol.C．Theyneverspeedupthedoor-closingprocess.D．Theytakethesafetyofthedisabledintoaccount.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的第一句可知，美國(guó)電梯里的“關(guān)閉”按鈕是為了確保殘疾人能安全地通過(guò)。故選D。7．Whatcanweinferaboutpedestriancrosswalkbuttons?A．Theycanmakepeoplefeelbetter.B．Theyhelpcomputersworkfaster.C．Theycancontrolthetrafficsignals.D．Theyhelppedestrianscrosssafely.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“fakebuttonscanactuallymakeyoufeelbetterbyofferingyouasenseofcontrol”和第六段中的“Forexample,pedestriancrosswalkbuttonsdon’tliveuptotheirnameseither.”可知，人行橫道按鈕也沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)其功能，但可以讓人們感覺(jué)好一點(diǎn)，故選A。8．Whichmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ButtonsintheU．S.A.B．ButtonsAlwaysLieC．ButtonsMayNotWorkD．“Close”ButtonsonLiftsC解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了有些按鈕只是形式上的，而不具備真正的實(shí)際功能。故C項(xiàng)“按鈕可能不起作用”最符合文章主旨。故選C。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)完形填空(2018·河北衡水中學(xué)聯(lián)考)ThatwasmyfirstballetperformanceandIwastheleadrole.Ahugeblackcurtain__1__mefromthecrowd.Myheartracedsorapidlythatitwould__2__outofmychest.Arushof__3__shotthroughmybodywhenthemusicbeganandItookmy__4__atthecenterofthestage.IpushedoffthefloorashardasIcouldand__5__intotheair.ThenIstartedtocome__6__formylanding,preparingtojumpagain,andyetmyfoot__7__.Ifell,face-first.ForamomentIcouldn’t__8__，wonderingifIshouldgoon.__9__，trainedforthousandsofhoursfortwelveyears,mymusclesignoredthe__10__ofmymindandI__11__myselfbackonmyfeet.Ifinishedthepartandleftthestage.Bendingoveratable,Itriedto__12__tears.Ididn’twanttogobacktofinishthelasttwentyminutes.Ididn’t__13__theleadrole.Thencamemyteacher.“The__14__thingonstageistofall.You’vegottenit,sowhat’sleftto__15__？Justgoandgiveitall.”Herwords__16__me.Minuteslater,Iwentbackonstageandcompletelyletgoof__17__．Ijustdanced,lettingthemusicguidemethroughthemovement.Now,asaPrincipalDancer,Ioftenthinkaboutthatperformance.Wefallwhenwetryourhardest.Thereisno__18__，onlypride.Fallingis__19__andsometimesitiseasierjusttostayonthe__20__．Butifwenevergetup，wewillneverexperiencewhatitisliketofly.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】作者通過(guò)講述自己第一次芭蕾舞演出的經(jīng)歷告訴我們，當(dāng)我們盡了最大的努力，即使跌倒了，也不是恥辱，而是驕傲。如果我們跌倒了再也不爬起來(lái)，我們就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)體驗(yàn)到飛翔的感覺(jué)。1． B．hidC．protected D．droveB解析：演出還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始，巨大的幕布把作者藏在后面，與觀眾隔開(kāi)。cover意為“覆蓋”；hide意為“隱藏”；protect意為“保護(hù)”；drive意為“驅(qū)趕；駕駛”。故選B項(xiàng)。2． B．dropC．run D．shoutA解析：此處描寫(xiě)作者緊張激動(dòng)的心情：作者的心跳得很快，幾乎要跳出胸膛。選項(xiàng)中只有beat有表