法律英語語序調(diào)整課件

1十.法律英語語序調(diào)整21.普通英語的語序調(diào)整1.1逆序翻譯1．Ithasbecomeaconventionalwisdomthatchildrenhavebecomesovulnerablethattheyshouldbeprotectedbyspecialrightandcodes.

孩子們?nèi)菀资艿絺Γ瑧?yīng)該制定特別的法律法規(guī)予以保護(hù)，這已達(dá)成了共識(shí)。3

模仿翻譯:經(jīng)濟(jì)增長不能以環(huán)境破壞為代價(jià)，這已達(dá)成了共識(shí)。

Ithasbecomeaconventionalwisdomthateconomicgrowthcouldnotbegainedatthecost(expense)ofenvironmentaldestruction.5模仿翻譯:父母親為我們付出了很多，我們花時(shí)間和精力回報(bào)父母是值得的。Itjustifiesthetimeandenergytorepayourparentswhohavedonesomuchforus.63．Thepoorarethefirsttoexperiencetechnologicalprogressasacursewhichdestroystheoldmuscle-powerjobsthatpreviousgenerationsusedasameanstofighttheirwayoutofpoverty.對于以往幾代人來說，舊式的體力勞動(dòng)是一種擺脫貧困的手段，而技術(shù)的進(jìn)步則摧毀了窮人賴以生存的體力勞動(dòng)。因此，首先體驗(yàn)到技術(shù)進(jìn)步之害的是窮人。74．Couldanyspectacle,forinstance,bemoregrimlywhimsicalthanthatofgunnersusingsciencetoshattermen’sbodieswhile,closeathand,surgeonsuseittorestorethem?炮手在使用科學(xué)手段來摧毀人們的軀體，而與此同時(shí)，醫(yī)生就在近旁應(yīng)用科學(xué)來醫(yī)治創(chuàng)傷。難道還有比這更為怪誕可怕的景象嗎？9詞匯辯析:ResistancePersistenceinsistenceConsistence102．IamopposedtoanydiversionwhichwillinEisenhower'sopinionjeopardizethesecurityofhiscurrentsituationinItaly,thebuildupofwhichisexceedinglyslowconsideringthewell-knowncharacteristicsofhisopponentwhoenjoysamarkedsuperiorityingroundtroopsandpanzerdivisions.敵人在意大利享有地面部隊(duì)和坦克部隊(duì)方面的顯著優(yōu)勢，這是眾所周知的事。由于這一情況，艾森豪威爾在那里的進(jìn)展甚為緩慢。因此，我不同意任何足以使艾森豪威爾認(rèn)為有損于他當(dāng)前安全情況的分散其兵力的措施。113．Thegrowthofclassconsciousnessamongtheworkerswasinhibitedbycontinuedhighlevelsofemploymentandrisingearningsforalmost15years,combinedwiththepropagandaofviewsinthelabormovementreflectingtheinfluenceofKeynesiantheoriesabouttheabilityofcapitalismtosolvepermanentlytheproblemof"boomandbust"throughaneconomyof"built-instabilizers”.將近十五年來，就業(yè)率一直保持高水平，工資收入不斷增長,再加上凱恩斯有一套理論，認(rèn)為資本主義制度有能力通過名曰“內(nèi)在穩(wěn)定因素”的國家經(jīng)濟(jì)永遠(yuǎn)解決繁榮與危機(jī)交替出現(xiàn)的問題。勞工運(yùn)動(dòng)的宣傳受凱恩斯理論的影響。這種種因素結(jié)合在一起，就使工人階級覺悟的提高受到阻礙。13

5．1953年，英美兩國計(jì)劃對中國援朝部隊(duì)使用原子彈，并準(zhǔn)備用核武器進(jìn)攻中國。當(dāng)這個(gè)消息由第三國外交官轉(zhuǎn)告北京時(shí)，新中國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人深感憂慮。立即作出了建立和發(fā)展原子彈和導(dǎo)彈事業(yè)的決定。譯文1：In1953,theUnitedStatesandBritainplannedtouseatomicbombsagainstChineseaidingtroopsinKoreaandtoattackChinawithnuclearweapons.WhenthenewswastransferredtoBeijingfromdiplomaticsourcesofathirdcountry,theleadersofnewChinafeltdeeplyworriedandimmediatelydecidedtosetupanddevelopatomicbombandmissilecause.14譯文2:In1953,whentheylearnedfromdiplomaticsourcesofathirdcountythattheUnitedStatesandBritainwerepreparedtoattackmainlandChinaandtheChinesetroopsinKoreawithnuclearweapons,theleadersofnewChina,deeplyconcerned,decidedthatChinamusthaveitsownatomicbombsandmissiles.15譯文3:TheleadersofnewChina,deeplyconcerned,decidedin1953thatChinamusthaveitsownatomicbombsandmissiles,whentheylearnedfromdiplomaticsourcesofathirdcountythattheUnitedStatesandBritainwerepreparedtoattackmainlandChinaandtheChinesetroopsinKoreawithnuclearweapons.173．我原打算在今年一月訪問中國，后來我又不得不予以推遲，這使我深感失望。ItwasakeendisappointmentthatIhadtopostponethevisitIhadintendedtopaytoChinainJanuary.4．我們是1959年出國的，之后中國連續(xù)三年遭受自然災(zāi)害，當(dāng)我們得知這個(gè)消息，心情頗為低沉。WehadbeendismayedatthenewsofthenaturalcalamitiesthatfollowedoneanotherforthreeyearsafterweleftChina.18

5．經(jīng)過多年的努力，我們國家已能用僅占世界百分之七的耕地，養(yǎng)活了占世界百分之二十二的人口，使十一億人民基本解決了溫飽問題。Afteryearsofefforts,nowithassolvedtheproblemoffoodandclothingtoapointwhereithasmanagedtofeedits1.1billionpeople,22percentoftheworld'stotalpopulation,withonly7percentofworld'scultivatedland.192.法律英語的語序調(diào)整2.1調(diào)整定語1．PartyBshallnotdiscloseConfidentialInformationtoanyoneotherthantosuchpersonswhorequireaccesstheretofortheexclusivepurposeprovidedhereunderandwhoareawareoftheirobligationsofconfidentialityhereunder.乙方除了向?yàn)榱吮緟f(xié)議規(guī)定的目的而需要接觸機(jī)密信息、且了解本協(xié)議規(guī)定的保密義務(wù)的人員披露機(jī)密信息外，不得向其他任何人披露。21總統(tǒng)還公布了一份聯(lián)邦調(diào)查報(bào)告，報(bào)告顯示百分之六十五的公立學(xué)?？梢陨暇W(wǎng)。Thepresidentalsoissuedafederalreportshowing65percentofpublicschoolshaveaccesstotheInternet.haveaccessto222．“ConfidentialInformation”meansalldocuments,reports,financialorotherdata,records,forms,tools,products,methodologies,technicalknowledge,marketingplans,tradesecrets,andothermaterialsobtainedbyConsultantandClientfromeachother

inthecourseofperforminganyServices.“機(jī)密信息”系指在履行服務(wù)期間，顧問和客戶相互間獲得的一切文件、報(bào)告、財(cái)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)或其它數(shù)據(jù)、記錄、格式、工具、產(chǎn)品、方法、技術(shù)知識(shí)、營銷計(jì)劃、商業(yè)機(jī)密及其他資料。233．Itisestimatedthatover3,000companies(includingnontechnologycompanies)whichhavecompletedinitialpublicofferingsofstockintheUnitedStatesoverthepasttwodecadeshavereceivedventurecapitalatsomepointintheirdevelopment.據(jù)估計(jì)，過去２０年中在美國完成首次公開發(fā)售股票的３，０００多家公司（包括非技術(shù)公司）在其發(fā)展的某個(gè)階段，曾獲得過風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本。255．TheContractorshallperformtheinspectionandexaminationofallequipment,machineryandmaterialsincludingsparepartsrequiredfortheconstructionoftheplant.承包商應(yīng)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，并稽查建設(shè)工廠所需的一切設(shè)備、機(jī)械和材料，其中包括各種備用零部件。262.2調(diào)整狀語1．TheVendoracknowledgesthatthePurchaserhasenteredintothisAgreementinrelianceupontheWarrantiesandhasbeeninducedbythemtoenterintothisAgreement.出售方確認(rèn)，購買方是以保證為依據(jù)、且受保證誘導(dǎo)而簽訂本協(xié)議的。2.Liabilityforsuchdamagesshallnotbewaivedintheevent

thenon-breachingPartyterminatesthisContractunderArticleX.如果非違約方根據(jù)X條終止本合同，違約方仍有責(zé)任給與損害賠償。295．TheboardofdirectorsmayauthorizeanyagentoragentstoenterintoanycontractororexecuteanddeliveranyinstrumentinthenameofandonbehalfoftheCorporation.董事會(huì)可授權(quán)任何代理人以公司名義并代表公司簽訂合同或簽發(fā)單據(jù)。306．Theborrowershallnotdoorcauseorsufferanythingtobedonewherebythelender’sinterestmaybeprejudiced.原譯文：借款人不得作出或促使作出任何事情發(fā)生借以使貸款人的利益可能受損。修改譯文：凡可導(dǎo)致受益人的利益受損的事情，借款人均不得作出，或促使或容許其發(fā)生。317.Wewouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgiveseriousthoughtstoourrequestforincreasingthequantityupto50,000tons.我們要求將數(shù)量增加到5萬噸，如果貴方能認(rèn)真地考慮我們這個(gè)要求，將不勝感激。328．ThepreliminarydepositinrespectofUnitssoldonlytoprivatepurchasersreferredtoincondition(v)belowshallbepaidbycashierorderandshallbedealtwithasincondition(n)aboveasforpublicpurchasers.原譯文：有關(guān)下述條件（v）所指的只售與內(nèi)部購買人單位的初步訂金須以銀行本票支付，并按照上述條件（n）中處理公眾購買人的方式處理。修改譯文：凡屬下述條件（v）所指僅供內(nèi)部認(rèn)購的單位，其初步訂金須以銀行本票支付，并按照上述條件（n）適用于公開發(fā)售的方式處理。339.貴方?jīng)]有按合同規(guī)定及時(shí)把貨備妥，致使我派去裝貨的船只滯期3天18小時(shí)。1.Youfailedtogetthegoodsreadyfor

loadingaccordingtothetimeofshipmentasstipulatedinthecontract.Thereforeitresultedinthetimeondemurrageforthevesselsentbyusfor3daysand18hours.2.Thefactthatyoufailedtogetthegoodsreadyforloadingaccordingtothetimeofshipmentasstipulatedinthecontracthasresultedinthetimeondemurrageforthevesselsentby3daysand18hours.3.Yourfailuretogetthegoodsreadyforloadingaccordingtothetimeofshipmentasstipulatedinthecontracthasresultedinthetimeondemurrageforthevesselsentbyusfor3daysand18hours.34Demurrage1.（船、車等的）滯留

ademurragefee(charge)2.滯留費(fèi)352.3.2逆序翻譯TheOwnermayrequesttheremovalandreplacementofanypersonemployed,(1)inaccordancewiththeContractor,(2)ifsuchpersonontheSiteisinguiltyof

misconduct,incompetenceornegligence,(3)andensuretheaccomplishmentofthe

project.(4)為了保證工程的完成（4），業(yè)主認(rèn)為工地上承包商的雇員品行不端、不能勝任工作或有失職行為（3），可依照本合同（2），要求承包商將此人調(diào)離或更換（1）。36Exceptintheeventofbreachofconfidentiality,innoeventshalleitherpartybeliableforanydamages,includinglossofdata,lostprofits,costofcoverorotherspecial,incidental,consequential,directorindirectdamagesarisingfromtheuseoftheProducts,orprovisionof,orfailuretoprovide,support,howevercausedandwhetherbasedonagreement,tort(includingnegligence)oranyothertheoryofliability.37Exceptintheeventofbreachofconfidentiality,innoeventshalleitherpartybeliableforanydamages,

includinglossofdata,lostprofits,costofcoverorotherspecial,incidental,consequential,directorindirectdamagesarisingfromtheuseoftheProducts,orprovisionof,orfailuretoprovide,support,howevercausedandwhetherbasedonagreement,tort(includingnegligence)oranyothertheoryofliability.38除非違反保密規(guī)定，任何一方在任何情況下，對因使用產(chǎn)品、或提供或未提供支持，無論何種原因，亦無論基于協(xié)議、侵權(quán)（包括過失）或其他責(zé)任理論而引起的損害，包括數(shù)據(jù)丟失、利潤損失、服務(wù)費(fèi)用、或其他特殊的、附帶的、后果性的、直接的或間接的損害，均不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。39Exercise:6．Thejudicialauthoritiesshallhavetheauthority,wherepartyhaspresentedreasonablyavailableevidencesufficienttosupportitsclaimsandhasspecifiedevidencerelevanttosubstantiationofitsclaimswhichliesinthecontroloftheopposingparty,toorderthatthisevidencebeproducedbytheopposingparty,subjectinappropriatecasestoconditionswhichensuretheprotectionofconfidentialinformation.40譯文：如果一方當(dāng)事人已經(jīng)提供足夠支持其權(quán)利主張并能夠合理取得的證據(jù)，同時(shí)指出了有另一方當(dāng)事人控制的證明其權(quán)利主張的證據(jù)，則司法當(dāng)局有權(quán)在適當(dāng)場合確保對秘密信息給與保護(hù)的條件下，責(zé)令另一方當(dāng)事人提供證據(jù)。417．Itshallbeunlawfulforanypersonengagedincommerce,inthecourseofsuchcommerce,topayorgrant,ortoreceiveoracceptanythingofvalueasacommission,brokerage,orothercompensation,oranyallowanceordiscountinlieuthereof,exceptforservicesrenderedinconnectionwiththesaleorpurchaseofgoods,wares,ormerchandise,eithertotheotherpartytosuchtransactionortoanagent,representative,ortheintermediarytherein42wheresuchintermediaryisactinginfactfororinbehalf,orissubjecttothedirectorindirectcontrol,ofanypartytosuchtransactionotherthanthepersonbywhomsuchcompensationissograntedorpaid.43譯文：商人在其商業(yè)過程中，支付、收取、接受任何傭金、回扣或其他補(bǔ)償，或作為替代的任何補(bǔ)貼或折扣是非法的。但對同商品購銷相關(guān)的，提供給另一方當(dāng)事人或代理機(jī)構(gòu)、或代表人、或其他中間機(jī)構(gòu)的勞務(wù)除外。這里的其他中間機(jī)構(gòu)事實(shí)上屬于、代表或服從于該交易一方的直接或間接控制，而不是回扣支付方所控制的中間機(jī)構(gòu)。（《克萊頓法》第2條第三款）劉期安：法律英語的長句翻譯44譯文：有些學(xué)者，雖然接收在判決中使用如“判決依據(jù)”和“附帶意見”這些術(shù)語，雖然也承認(rèn)至少有些法官認(rèn)為他們是根據(jù)先前判決的“判決依據(jù)”和“附帶意見”作出判決的，但認(rèn)為影響法官的判決的重要因素應(yīng)從事情本身的特征，如法官的社會(huì)背景、當(dāng)時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境甚至語言本身的特征中去發(fā)現(xiàn)。肖云樞：“法律英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)及其翻譯”459．Chinashallestablishordesignateanofficialjournaldedicatedtothepublicationofalllaws,regulationsandothermeasurespertainingtooraffectingtradeingoods,services,TRIPSorthecontrolofforeignexchangeand,afterpublicationofitslaws,regulationsorothermeasuresinsuchjournal,shallprovideareasonableperiodforcommenttotheappropriateauthoritiesbeforesuchmeasuresareimplemented,46exceptforthoselaws,regulationsandothermeasuresinvolvingnationalsecurity,specificmeasuressettingforeignexchangeratesormonetarypolicyandothermeasuresthepublicationofwhichwouldimpedelawenforcement.

47譯文：中國應(yīng)設(shè)立或指定一官方刊物，用于公布所有有關(guān)或影響貨物貿(mào)易、服務(wù)貿(mào)易、ＴＲＩＰＳ或外匯管制的法律、法規(guī)及其他措施，并且在其法律、法規(guī)或其他措施在該刊物上公布之后，應(yīng)在此類措施實(shí)施之前提供一段可向有關(guān)主管機(jī)關(guān)提出意見的合理時(shí)間，但涉及國家安全的法律、法規(guī)及其他措施、確定外匯匯率或貨幣政策的特定措施以及一旦公布則會(huì)妨礙法律實(shí)施的其他措施除外。488．Someacademics,whilstacceptingthattermslikeratiodecidendiandobiterdictaareusedinjudgments,andwhilstacceptingthatatleastsomejudgesthinktheyconstructtheirjudgments,onthebasisofratioandobiterinpreviousjudgments,believethatimportantinfluencesondecisionsmadebyjudgesaretobefoundinthenatureofmatterssuchasthesocialbackgroundofjudges,theeconomiccircumstancesofthetimeoreventheverynatureoflanguageitself.4910．Theprogresstothestatutebookofthenecessarylegalinfrastructureforelectroniccommercehasinmanycountriesbeendelayedbyadifficultandpoliticallysensitivedebatecreatedbytheconcernsoflawenforcementauthoritiesthatthewidespreaduseofstrongencryptionmayfacilitatecrimeandterrorismtoadegreethatwillde-stabilizecivilizedgovernments.

50譯文：在許多國家，執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)擔(dān)心嚴(yán)格加密的廣泛使用，會(huì)給犯罪分子和恐怖活動(dòng)提供方便，從而破壞文明政府的穩(wěn)定。這種擔(dān)心引起了一場難以解決的、政治上敏感的辯論。而這場辯論則延誤了必要的電子商務(wù)法律歸入法典的進(jìn)程。肖平飛：“法律英語的長句特征及其翻譯”51TRIPS：AgreementonTrade-relatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRight與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定GATT：GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade《關(guān)稅與貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》，1996，是WTO世界貿(mào)易組織的前身。

關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定GATT有兩個(gè)含義：一是指一個(gè)國際協(xié)議，其中包含了從事國際貿(mào)易所應(yīng)遵守的規(guī)則；一是指后來建立的用以支持該協(xié)議的國際組織。

52GATT作為國際組織已不存在，取而代之的是WTO。但GATT作為協(xié)議仍然存在，但已不再是國際貿(mào)易的主要規(guī)則，而且已被更新。

經(jīng)過修改，GATT已成為新的WTO協(xié)議的一部分。更新后的GATT與《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》（GATS）和《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)議》（TRIPS）并列，WTO使三者并入一個(gè)單一的組織，形成一套單一的規(guī)則，并使用單一的爭端解決體制。5311．Inresponsetoquestionsfromcertainmembersof