2019年英語新外研選修七講義Module3SectionⅢGrammar-倒裝和強調(diào)句

SectionⅢGrammar—倒裝和強調(diào)句語法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)①Herearesomenewmagazines.②Inthemiddleoftheroomwasatable.③LittledoIdreamofseeingsuchwonderfulscenery.④Notuntilatleastthirtysecondshadpassed,wasthemanabletospeak.⑤Nosoonerhadtheboyspokenthesewordsthanthewardenhithimontheheadwiththesoupspoon.⑥NeverhaveIheardanythinglikeit.⑦Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.⑧ItwasOliverTwistwhowaschosen.[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)](1)以上句中，①②句中謂語全部放在主語之前，為全部倒裝。③⑦句中謂語的一部分放在主語之前，為部分倒裝。(2)由③⑥句可知，具有否定意義的副詞(詞組)位于句首，句子要部分倒裝。(3)由⑦句可知，當only位于句首，且修飾狀語或狀語從句時，主句要部分倒裝。(4)⑧句為強調(diào)句型，其構(gòu)成為Itis/was＋被強調(diào)部分＋who/that＋句子其他成分。一、倒裝(一)倒裝句的概念英語句子的自然語序是主語在前，謂語動詞在后。若把謂語動詞放在主語之前，則構(gòu)成倒裝句。1．如果謂語全部放在主語之前，叫全部倒裝。Outrushedagirlandacat.一個小女孩和一只貓沖了出來。Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.他們來到一所房子前，房子前面有一棵大樹。2．如果只把助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞放在主語之前，則構(gòu)成部分倒裝。Atnotimeshouldyouleaveyourpost.任何時候你都不應(yīng)該離開你的崗位。Ifyoudon'tgo,neitherwillI.如果你不去，我也不去。3．形式上的倒裝語法上稱為前置。它的特點是，只把強調(diào)的內(nèi)容提至句首，主謂并不倒裝。Tiredastheywere,theywentonworking.雖然他們很累，但仍繼續(xù)工作。[即時演練1]完成句子①Inthecenteroftheparkstandsastatue.在公園的中心矗立著一座雕像。②IfJoe'swifedoesnotgototheparty,neitherdoeshe.如果喬的妻子不去參加晚會，他也不會去。③Tryhardastheywere,theycouldn'tmakeherchangehermind.盡管他們做了很大努力，卻沒能讓她改變主意。(二)全部倒裝全部倒裝的條件：1．當表示方位或時間的副詞，如here,there,then,up,down,in,away,off,out等置于句首，且主語是名詞時。Incametheteacher.老師進來了。Hereisyourcoat.你的外套在這兒。2．當表示地點或方位的介詞短語位于句首且主語是名詞時。Infrontofthehouseisatalltree.這座房子前有一棵高大的樹。3．形容詞(短語)、過去分詞(短語)、現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)或介詞短語作表語位于句首時，且主語部分較長時，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語＋連系動詞＋主語”。PresentatthemeetingareProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.出席會議的有懷特教授、史密斯教授和許多其他客人。Hangingonthewallisapicturedrawnbya6-year-oldboy.墻上掛的是一個6歲男孩畫的一幅畫。[名師點津]當表示方位或時間的副詞位于句首，主語是代詞時，主語和謂語的位置不能顛倒。Outsherushed.她沖了出去。[即時演練2]使用倒裝形式完成下列句子①Nowcomesyourturn(輪到你了)．②Outrushedtheboys(男孩們沖出去了)whenthebellrang.③Inthefrontofthestagestoodasinger(站著一位歌唱家)．④Southofthecityliesafactory(坐落著一家工廠)．⑤Seatedinthefirstline(坐在第一排)aresomeadvancedworkers.⑥Lyingonthefloorwasaboy(是一個男孩兒)agedaboutten.⑦Theregoesthebell(鈴響了)．⑧Thedooropenedandincameourheadmaster(校長進來了)．(三)部分倒裝1．否定副詞not,never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,rarely,little及表示否定意義的介詞短語innocase,bynomeans,atnotime,onnocondition等置于句首時。Atnotimedidtheyactuallybreaktherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.他們絕對沒有違反比賽規(guī)則，懲罰他們是不公平的。Notuntilrecentlydidtheyencouragethedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.(2016·江蘇高考)直到最近他們才鼓勵農(nóng)村地區(qū)旅游相關(guān)活動的發(fā)展。2．only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句，且放在句首時，主句部分倒裝。OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheofficedidsherealizethatshehadleftcontractathome.(2015·天津高考)當莉莉走進辦公室時，她才意識到她把合同落在家里了。Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnfromyourmistakes.只有用這種方式你才能從錯誤中吸取教訓(xùn)。3．以so,neither,nor開頭的句子用部分倒裝，表示前面所說的情況也適用于后者。HestudiesEnglishwell;sodoeshissister.他英語學得很好，他妹妹也是如此。Marycan'trideabicycle;neither/norcanLucy.瑪麗不會騎自行車，露西也不會。4．在so...that...與such...that...句型中，so與such部分位于句首時，要用部分倒裝。Sounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled.他的要價太離譜，令每個人都瞠目結(jié)舌。5．hardly...when...，nosooner...than...,notonly...butalso...等連接兩個句子，hardly,nosooner,notonly置于句首時，緊接否定詞之后的句子要用倒裝語序。Notonlydothenurseswantapayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.護士們不僅要求提高工資，還要求縮短工作時間。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhisfatherstoppedhim.他剛開口說話就被父親制止了。6．notuntil放于句首時，主句部分倒裝。Notuntilhereturneddidhehavesupper.直到他回來才吃飯。7．在含有were,should或had的虛擬條件句中，可以省略if，把were,should或had提前，構(gòu)成倒裝。Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.他要是聽了我的建議，就成功了。[巧學助記]部分倒裝口訣副詞開頭要倒裝，人稱代詞非如常；only修飾副介狀，位于句首半倒裝；否定意義副連詞，位于句首須倒裝；表語前置主語長，銜接自然常倒裝；such代詞作表語，引起主謂要倒裝；notonly開頭句，前一分句須倒裝；had，were，should虛擬句，省略if半倒裝。[即時演練3](1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Althoughyoumighttry,youcan'tmakeupforthelosttime.→Tryas/thoughyoumight,youcan'tmakeupforthelosttime.②Theyworkedsohardthattheyfinishedtheirworkaheadoftime.→Soharddidtheyworkthattheyfinishedtheirworkaheadoftime.③Ididn'tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomeworklastnight.→NotuntilIfinishedmyhomeworklastnightdidIgotobed.④IhadhardlyarrivedwhenIhadanewproblemtodealwith.→HardlyhadIarrivedwhenIhadanewproblemtodealwith.⑤Shakespearewasnotonlyafamousplaywright,buthewasalsoanexcellentactor.→NotonlywasShakespeareafamousplaywright,buthewasalsoanexcellentactor.⑥IfIhadknownthatearlier,Iwouldn'thavebeentothedininghall.→HadIknownthatearlier,Iwouldn'thavebeentothedininghall.⑦Ihadnosoonerreachedhomethanitpoureddown.→NosoonerhadIreachedhomethanitpoureddown.⑧Herealizedwhathadhappenedonlywhenhereturnedhome.→Onlywhenhereturnedhomedidherealizewhathadhappened.(2)單句改錯①I'mnotinterestedinphysics.Soishe.So→Neither/Nor②Didyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.Did→Had③Sowouldbeourhomeinthefuture.So→Such二、強調(diào)句1．強調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。強調(diào)句型用來強調(diào)主語、賓語、狀語等除謂語以外的句子成分。如果句子用的是過去的某種時態(tài)，強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中就用was；如果句子用的是現(xiàn)在的某種時態(tài)，強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中就用is。當被強調(diào)部分是指人時，可以用who代替that。Itisanovelistthat/whohehasbecome.他已經(jīng)成了一位小說家。ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.(2017·天津高考)正是當我回到公寓時，我第一次偶然遇見了我的新鄰居們。2．強調(diào)句型一般疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：Is/Wasit＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？Wasityourmotherwhomadethedecision?這個決定是你媽媽做的嗎？3．強調(diào)句型特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：特殊疑問詞(What/Who/When/Why/Where/How)＋is/wasit＋that/who＋句子其他部分。Whywasitthathedidn'tgettoschoolontime?為什么他沒有按時到校？(強調(diào)句為特殊疑問句形式，被強調(diào)部分是句子的原因狀語)4．not...until...句型的強調(diào)句型為：Itis/wasnotuntil＋被強調(diào)部分＋that＋其他部分。Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturythathismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.(2015·重慶高考)巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世紀早期他的音樂天賦才被完全承認。5．強調(diào)句的判斷方式：把Itis/was...that/who...去掉，如果剩下的成分能組成完整的句子，就是強調(diào)句型。[即時演練4]用強調(diào)句型改寫下列句子①MrLiteachesusEnglish.(強調(diào)主語)→ItisMrLiwho/thatteachesusEnglish.②IphonedMrBlackjustnow.(強調(diào)賓語)→ItwasMrBlackthat/whoIphonedjustnow.③Wehadaconversationinmyoffice.(強調(diào)狀語)→Itwasinmyofficethatwehadaconversation.④DidhedieduringtheAnti-JapaneseWar？(強調(diào)時間狀語)→WasitduringtheAnti-JapaneseWarthathedied?⑤Whyissmokingnotallowedhere？(強調(diào)why)→Whyisitthatsmokingisnotallowedhere?Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Onlywithhardworkcanyouexpecttogetapayrise.2．Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas.3．Hardlyhadhearrivedattherailwaystationwhenitbegantorain.4．Werehetoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.5．NeverbeforehaveIbeenaskedtosinganEnglishsong.6．Sogreatwasthesuccessofthebookthatitwasmadeintoafilm.7．Southoftheriverlies(lie)asmallfactory.8．Nosoonerhadwereachedthestationthanthetrainwasoff.9．Therecomes(come)thebus.Let'shurryup.10．—Whatisitthatmakesyousohappy?—Thefactthatourvolleyballteamhasgotintothefinal.Ⅱ.完成句子1．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)LittledidIknowthatIwoulddiscovermyloveforASL.我當時不知道我會發(fā)現(xiàn)我對美式手語的熱愛。2．(2015·北京高考書面表達)Notonlydoesitofferteenagerslikeusachancetoenjoyaveryexcitingsport,butitalsoprovidesuswithagoodtimetoknowmoreaboutthetraditionalChineseculture.它不僅為向我們這樣的青少年提供了一個享受非常令人興奮的運動機會，而且它也為我們提供了一個很好的時間來了解更多的中國傳統(tǒng)文化。3．Itwaswithsincerityandfaithfulnessthatwecreatedaharmoniousatmosphere.我們是以真誠和忠誠創(chuàng)造了一個和諧的氛圍。4．Awayflewthebirdintotheforest.鳥兒一下子飛進了森林。5．Whenwasitthathebroke