2019年英語新必修四講義Unit2SectionⅣLearningaboutLanguageUsingLanguage

Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Languageeq\a\vs4\al([原文呈現(xiàn)])CHEMICAL①ORORGANIC②FARMING?Overthepasthalfcentury,usingchemicalfertilizers③hasbecomeverycommoninfarming.Manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction④.Recently,however,scientistshavebeenfinding⑤thatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand,evenmoredangerous,topeople’shealth.Whataresomeoftheproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers⑥？First,theydamagethelandbykillingthehelpfulbacteria⑦andpests⑧aswellastheharmfulones.Chemicalsalsostayinthegroundandundergroundwaterforalongtime.Thisaffectscropsand,therefore,animalsandhumans,sincechemicalsgetinsidethecropsandcannotjustbewashedoff.Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildup⑨inpeople’sbodiesovertime⑩.Manyofthesechemicalscanleadto?cancerorotherillnesses.Inaddition,fruit,vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwithchemicalfertilizers?usuallygrowtoofasttobefullofmuchnutrition?.Theymaylookbeautiful,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanvitaminsandminerals?.eq\a\vs4\al([讀文清障])①chemical/’kemIkl/adj.化學(xué)的；關(guān)于化學(xué)的②organic/??’ɡ?nIk/adj.有機(jī)的；器官的；組織的organicfarming有機(jī)耕作③fertilizer/’f??tIlaIz?/n.肥料；化肥chemicalfertilizer化肥“overthepast＋時間段”常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用；動名詞短語usingchemicalfertilizers作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。④production/pr?’d?k?n/n.生產(chǎn)；制造duction為不定式短語作way的定語。⑤havebeenfinding是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時形式，表示動作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且目前還在進(jìn)行中。⑥過去分詞短語causedbychemicalfertilizers作定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句that/whicharecausedbychemicalfertilizers。⑦bacteria/b?k’tI?rI?/n.(bacterium/b?k’tI?rI?m/的復(fù)數(shù)形式)細(xì)菌⑧pest/pest/n.害蟲；害獸；害鳥⑨buildup逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā)⑩overtime隨著時間的推移?leadto(＋n./pron.)導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)?過去分詞短語grownwithchemicalfertilizers作后置定語。?nutrition/nju?’trI?n/n.營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)；食物?mineral/’mIn?r?l/n.礦物；礦石化學(xué)耕作還是有機(jī)耕作？[第1～2段譯文]在過去的半個世紀(jì)里，在耕作中使用化肥已經(jīng)非常普遍。很多農(nóng)民喜歡使用化肥，把它們作為防治農(nóng)作物病蟲害和提高產(chǎn)量的重要手段。然而，最近科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)長期使用這些肥料會造成土地受損，甚至更危險的是，會對人們的健康造成危害?；蕩淼膯栴}有哪些呢？首先，化肥在殺死病菌和害蟲的同時也會殺死有益的細(xì)菌和昆蟲，從而破壞土地?；瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)還會在地里和地下水中保存很長時間，而這會影響到農(nóng)作物，進(jìn)而影響到動物和人類，因為化學(xué)成分會進(jìn)入農(nóng)作物中，并且不能被沖洗掉。隨著時間的推移，食物中的這些化學(xué)成分會在人體中堆積。這里面有很多化學(xué)成分能導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病。另外，施過化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生長得過快而營養(yǎng)不足。它們表面上很好看，但是里面通常是含過多的水分，而不是維生素和礦物質(zhì)。Withthesediscoveries?，somefarmersandmanycustomersarebeginningtoturntoorganicfarming.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Theyfocuson?keepingtheirsoil?richandfreeofdisease.Ahealthysoilreduces?diseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.Organicfarmers,therefore,oftenpreferusingnaturalwastefromanimalsasfertilizer.Theyfeelthatthismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherin?mineralsandsomorefertile?.Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))chemicals.Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstokeepthesoilfertileeq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).Theyoftenchangethekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears,forexample,growingcornorwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeanseq\o(○,\s\up1(23)).Cropssuchaspeasofsoybeanseq\o(○,\s\up1(24))putimportantmineralsbackintothesoil,makingitreadyforcropseq\o(○,\s\up1(25))suchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.Organicfarmersalsoplantcropstousedifferentlevelsofsoil,forexample,eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))plantingpeanutsthatusetheground’ssurfacefollowedbyvegetablesthatputdowndeeprootseq\o(○,\s\up1(27)).Someorganicfarmerspreferplantinggrassbetweencropstopreventwindorwaterfromcarryingawaythesoil,andthenleavingitinthegroundtobecomeanaturalfertilizerforthenextyear’scrop.Thesemanydifferentorganicfarmingmethodshavethesamegoal:eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))togrowgoodfoodandavoiddamagingeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))theenvironmentorpeople’shealth.?discovery/dI’sk?v?rI/n.發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺?focuson(＝concentrateon)集中(注意力、精力等)于?soil/s?Il/n.土壤?reduce/rI’dju?s/vt.減少；減縮?berichin富含……；……的含量高(反)bepoor/lowin……的含量低；缺乏……?fertile/’f??taIl/adj.肥沃的；富饒的eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))keep...freefrom/of使……免受(影響、傷害等)；使……不含(有害物)eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))動詞不定式短語tokeepthesoilfertile作目的狀語；keep是使役動詞，這是“keep＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))現(xiàn)在分詞短語growingcornorwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeans作狀語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))soybean/’s?Ibi?n/n.(＝soyabean)大豆eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))現(xiàn)在分詞短語makingitreadyforcrops...作結(jié)果狀語，表示一種必然的結(jié)果，這里make的用法跟前面keep的用法一致。eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))現(xiàn)在分詞短語planting...作狀語；兩個that都引導(dǎo)定語從句，分別修飾peanuts和vegetables。eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))root/ru?t/n.根；根源eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))動詞不定式短語togrowgoodfoodandavoiddamagingtheenvironmentorpeople’shealth說明goal的內(nèi)容。eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))avoiddoingsth.避免做某事[第3～4段譯文]由于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些農(nóng)民和許多消費(fèi)者開始轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)耕作。有機(jī)耕作就是不用任何化學(xué)肥料的耕作。他們關(guān)心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。健康的土壤會減少病蟲害并且?guī)椭r(nóng)作物茁壯成長。因此，有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民經(jīng)常喜歡把天然的動物糞便當(dāng)作肥料。他們認(rèn)為這樣會使地里的土壤更富含礦物質(zhì)，因而也會更加肥沃，同時還可以讓空氣、土壤、水以及農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民也使用很多其他的方法來保持土壤肥沃。在同一塊地里，他們經(jīng)常每隔幾年就換種農(nóng)作物。例如，種玉米或小麥后來年再改種豌豆或大豆。像豌豆或大豆這樣的農(nóng)作物將重要的礦物質(zhì)帶回土壤，從而使之適宜于種植要求土壤肥沃的農(nóng)作物，比如小麥或玉米。有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民還種植多種農(nóng)作物來利用不同層次的土壤。比如，他們先種植生長于淺層土壤的花生，然后再種植生根于深層土壤的蔬菜。還有一些有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民喜歡在農(nóng)作物之間種草，以防止水土流失，并且把草留在地里，從而成為來年農(nóng)作物的天然肥料。這些不同的有機(jī)耕作的方法有著同樣的目標(biāo)：種植好的糧食，并且避免損害環(huán)境或者人們的健康。Step1Readthetextquicklyandthenmatcheachparagraphwithitsmainidea.1．Para.1A．Problemscausedbychemicalfertilizers.2．Para.2 B．Farmersandcustomersturntoorganicfarming3．Para.3C．Longtermuseofchemicalfertilizerscancausedamagetothelandandpeople’shealth.4．Para.4D．Othermethodstokeepthesoilfertile.答案：1～4CABDStep2True(T)orFalse(F)．1．Organicfarmerspreferusingnaturalwastefromanimalsandchemicalfertilizers.()2．Usingnaturalwastemakesthesoilricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.()3．Usingorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodandtoavoiddamagingtheenvironmentorpeople’shealth.()4．Usingchemicalfertilizershasbecomeverycommoninfarmingoverthepasthalfcentury.()5．Chemicalfertilizersonlykillharmfulbacteriaandpests.()答案：1～5FTTTFStep3Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．Fromthepassage,wecanseeorganicfarmersarethosewho________.A．growcropswithchemicalfertilizersB．growcropswithnaturalfertilizersC．produceorganicfertilizersD．carefortheenvironment2．Fromthefourthparagraph,weknowthat________.A．it’snotgoodtoplantgrassbetweencropsB．peanutsusethesurfaceofsoilC．peasandsoybeansshouldbegrowntogetherwithcornandwheatD．vegetablesthatputdowndeeprootsareharmfultothesoil3．Farmers________sothatthesoilmaynotgetexhausted.A．growthesamecropsyearafteryearB．usenaturalfertilizersC．changecropseveryfewyearsD．usechemicalfertilizers4．Howmanywaysdotheorganicfarmershavetokeeptheirsoilfertileandhealthy?A．3. B．4.C．5. D．6.答案：1～4BBCB一、這樣記單詞記得準(zhǔn)·寫得對記得快·記得多Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)詞匯1．bacterian．細(xì)菌2．pestn.害蟲；害獸；害鳥3．nutritionn.營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)；食物4．focusn.焦點(diǎn)；中心點(diǎn)vt.集中；聚焦5．soiln.土壤6．reducevt.減少；減縮7．rootn.根；根源8．skimvt.瀏覽；略讀9．underlinevt.畫底線標(biāo)出；強(qiáng)調(diào)10．commentn.評論；議論vi.&vt.表達(dá)意見；作出評論Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1．confusevt.使迷惑；使為難→confusedadj.困惑的；煩惱的→confusingadj.令人困惑的→confusionn．困惑；混亂2．regretvt.遺憾；惋惜n．遺憾；懊悔→regretfuladj.遺憾的；后悔的→regretfullyadv.遺憾地；痛惜地3．chemicaladj.化學(xué)的；關(guān)于化學(xué)的→chemistryn．化學(xué)4．mineraln．礦物；礦石→minen．礦；礦山5．productionn．生產(chǎn)；制造→producevt.生產(chǎn)；制造→producern．生產(chǎn)者；制片人6．discoveryn．發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺→discovervt.發(fā)現(xiàn)→discoverern．發(fā)現(xiàn)者7．summaryn．總結(jié)；摘要；概要→summarizevt.總結(jié)；概括1.pestn．害蟲[記法]拍死它(pest漢語諧音)→害蟲[聯(lián)想]動物“四害”①mouse老鼠②cockroach蟑螂③fly蒼蠅④mosquito蚊子2．reducevt.減少[記法]re-(回)＋duc(引)→向后引→退縮→縮減[詞塊]①reducethespeed減速②reduceairpollution減少空氣污染③reducesharply銳減④reducegreatly大大減少[同義]decreasev.減少[反義]increasev.提高3．confusevt.使迷惑；使為難[近義]①puzzlev.迷惑②mixv.混合[反義]clarifyv.澄清4．summaryn．總結(jié)；摘要[記法]summ(總記)＋-ary(名詞后綴)→總結(jié)[詞塊]①anewssummary新聞?wù)趇nsummary總的看來[聯(lián)想]①digestn.摘要②surveyn.調(diào)查③outlinen.大綱，概要④reviewn.評論5．“v.＋-y”構(gòu)成的名詞①discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)②delivery遞送③treaty條約④robbery搶劫，盜竊二、這樣記短語記牢固定短語多積常用詞塊1.cause_damage_to給……造成損害2．wash_off將……洗掉；洗凈3．build_up逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā)4．lead_to導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)；通向……5．focus_on集中(注意力、精力等)于6．keep_...free_from/of使……免受(影響、傷害等)；使……不含(有害物)7．in_addition另外8．turn_to轉(zhuǎn)向；向……求助9．every_few_years每(隔)幾年1.confusethestudents讓學(xué)生迷惑2．scientificmethodsoffarming科學(xué)的耕作方法3．overthepasthalfcentury在過去的半個世紀(jì)里4．chemicalfertilizers化學(xué)肥料5．organicfarming有機(jī)耕作6．keeptheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease讓土壤肥沃并免受病害7．helpcropsgrowstrongandhealthy有助于農(nóng)作物茁壯成長8．preventwindorwaterfromcarryingawaythesoil防止水土流失9．a(chǎn)voiddamagingtheenvironmentorpeople’shealth避免損害環(huán)境或人們的健康三、這樣記句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Recently,however,scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand,evenmoredangerous,topeople’shealth.然而，最近科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)長期使用這些肥料會造成土地受損，甚至更危險的是，會對人們的健康造成危害。havebeenfinding為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。TheGradeTwoclasseshave_been_observingtheplantsaroundtheschoolandfindingtheanimalsthatlivethere.二年級各班在學(xué)校周邊觀察植物和尋找小動物。2.Inaddition,fruit,vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwithchemicalfertilizersusuallygrowtoofasttobefullofmuchnutrition.另外，施過化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生長得過快而營養(yǎng)不足。too...to...“太……而不能……”。Heistoo_young_to_understandyourwords.他太年輕，不能理解你的話。3.Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil,makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.像豌豆或大豆這樣的農(nóng)作物將重要的礦物質(zhì)帶回土壤，從而使之適宜于種植要求土壤肥沃的農(nóng)作物，比如小麥或玉米。句中making...為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。Inthisyear,alow-budgetfilmsweptoverthecountry,makingita“Myth”inthemovieindustry.這一年，一部低成本電影出人意料地轟動全國，成為一個電影產(chǎn)業(yè)的“神話”。1．(教材P13)Itisimportanttoexplainthisagainorwewillconfusethestudents.把這個再解釋一遍很重要，否則我們就會使學(xué)生感到迷惑。confusevt.使迷惑；使為難(1)confuseAwith/andB把A與B混淆(2)confusedadj.(人)不知所措的；困惑的beconfusedabout...對……感到困惑(3)confusingadj.(事/物)令人困惑的；難懂的①M(fèi)rWangaskedsomanydifficultquestionsthatIwasconfused.王先生問了如此多難題，以至于我感到很迷惑。②Don’tconfusetheword“weather”with“whether”．不要把weather和whether這兩個單詞弄混了。③TheinstructionsaresoconfusingthatIamtotallyconfused.(confuse)說明書太令人費(fèi)解了，我完全糊涂了。2．regretvt.遺憾；惋惜n.遺憾；懊悔(1)regretdoing/havingdonesth.后悔做過某事(已經(jīng)做了)regrettodosth.很遺憾要做某事(還沒有做)regretthat...對……感到遺憾/后悔(2)(much)toone’sregret(很)可惜的是withregret遺憾地expressregretat/about/for對……表示遺憾①Idon’tregrettelling/havingtoldherwhatIthought.我不會因為告訴了她我的想法而后悔。②Iregret_to_tellyouthatyouhavefailedagainintheexamination.很抱歉地告訴你，這次考試你又沒考及格。③Weregret_thatweareunabletoreconsideryourcase.我們很遺憾無法重新考慮你的情況。[語境串記]Iregrettedtotellherthatshehadbeendismissed.Muchtomyregret,shesaidtome,“Ihavenoregret.Ionlyregrethavingtakenthewrongjob.”我很遺憾地告訴她她被解雇了，讓我深感遺憾的是，她對我說：“我沒有任何遺憾，我只是后悔選錯了工作?！?．(教材P14)Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople’sbodiesovertime.隨著時間的推移，食物中的這些化學(xué)成分會在人體中堆積。buildup逐漸增加；建立；開發(fā)build(oneself)uptosth.為……做準(zhǔn)備buildoneselfup增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)buildupafame建立名聲buildupone’shealth/body增進(jìn)健康build...on把……作為基礎(chǔ)①Theirachievementshavebuiltupmyconfidenceanddeterminationinmycareer.他們?nèi)〉玫某删驮鰪?qiáng)了我對事業(yè)的信心和決心。②Takingexercisehelpsusbuild_up_our_bodyandkeepaclearmind.鍛煉有助于我們增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，保持頭腦清醒。③Webuilt_upthisbusinessaftertenyear’sstruggle.經(jīng)過10年拼搏后我們建立了這家公司。4．(教材P14)Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.很多化學(xué)成分能導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病。leadto導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)；通向(1)leadsb.todosth.使某人做某事lead/livea...life過……樣的生活leadtheway引路；帶路o...領(lǐng)著某人進(jìn)入……leadsb.to...引導(dǎo)某人去……(地方)(2)takethelead帶頭；居首位in/havethelead領(lǐng)先①Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleadtoillness.過多的工作和過少的休息常會引起疾病。②Thereceptionistled_the_way_tothemeetingroom.接待員引路來到了會議室。③Whatwasitthatled_you_tosaythat?是什么導(dǎo)致你那樣說的？[語境串記]Heledtheway,andledustoavillageofTibet.Therewefoundthelocalpeopleledahappylife.他帶路，把我們領(lǐng)到了西藏的一個小村莊。在那里，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)厝诉^著幸福的生活。[名師點(diǎn)津]表示“導(dǎo)致”的常用表達(dá)還有：cause,resultin,contributeto,bringabout。5．(教材P14)Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.他們關(guān)心的是保持土壤肥沃并免受病害。focuson集中(注意力、精力等)于(1)focusone’sattention/thoughts/minds/eyeson...集中注意力/思想/心思/目光于……(2)bring/ofocus使某物明朗化；使某物突出comeintofocus(使某事)成為焦點(diǎn)thefocusofattention關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)bein/offfocus焦點(diǎn)對準(zhǔn)(沒有對準(zhǔn))①Thediscussionfocusesonthedeathrateintrafficaccidents.此次討論集中在交通事故的死亡率上。②Iregretnothavingfocusedmymindonmystudy.我后悔沒把我的心思用在學(xué)習(xí)上。[名師點(diǎn)津]表示“集中注意力于……”的其他短語：①payattentiontosth.②putone’sheartintosth.③fixone’sattentiononsth.6．(教材P14)Ahealthysoilreducesdiseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.健康的土壤減少病蟲害并且?guī)椭r(nóng)作物茁壯成長。reducevt.減少；減縮reducesth.to...減少到……reducesth.by...減少了……reducesb.todoingsth.迫使某人做某事①They’vereducedthepricesintheshop,soit’sgoodtimetobuy.商店已經(jīng)降低了(商品的)價格，所以現(xiàn)在是買東西的好時候。②Itwasfoggysothedriverhadtoreducespeedtofortykilometresanhour.由于大霧，司機(jī)不得不把速度減到每小時40千米。③Ifyoubuymorethanten,theywillreducethepriceby10percent.你如果買10個以上他們就會把價格降低10%。[名師點(diǎn)津]reduce“減少”的近義詞是decrease，反義詞是increase,rise(增加)。這三個詞與reduce用法一樣，后可接to...表示增減的結(jié)果，接by...表示增減的幅度。④Theirsalaryhasbeenincreasedby20percentsincelastyear.自去年以來，他們的工資已經(jīng)增長了20%。7．(教材P14)Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.這還可以讓空氣、土壤、水以及農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。keep...freefrom/of使……免受(影響、傷害等)；使……不含(有害物)befreefrom/of不受……傷害forfree/freeofcharge免費(fèi)freesb./sth.from/ofsth.解除；去除setfree釋放①Theylikelivinginavillage,freefrom/ofcrowdsandnoises.他們喜歡住在村子里，遠(yuǎn)離人群和喧鬧。②Yourorderwillbedeliveredfree_of_charge/for_freewithinaten-milelimit.在10英里范圍之內(nèi)，您的訂貨將免費(fèi)送貨上門。③Theseexerciseshelpfreethebodyoftension.這些鍛煉可以使緊張的身體放松。④Ithinkallcagedbirdsshouldbe_set_free.我認(rèn)為所有關(guān)在籠里的鳥兒都應(yīng)該被放出去。8．(教材P15)Swapsummarieswithyourpartnerandgiveeachothercomments.和你的搭檔交換摘要并互作評論。commentn．評論；議論vt.&vi.表達(dá)意見；作出評論(1)makecommentson/uponsth.評論某事offercomments提意見nocomment無可奉告(2)commenton/upon對……發(fā)表評論①Shemadehelpfulcommentsonmywork.她對我的工作提出了有益的意見。②I’mnotinapositiontocomment_onthematter.我無權(quán)對這件事發(fā)表評論。③Don’toffer_commentsifyoucannotunderstandtherealmeaning.如果你不能真正理解它的意義，請不要亂提意見。④—Canyousaysomethingaboutthepresentsituation?—Sorry,no_comment!——你能對當(dāng)前的形勢說說自己的看法嗎？——對不起，無可奉告！1．Recently,however,scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand,evenmoredangerous,topeople’shealth.然而，最近科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)長期使用這些肥料會造成土地受損，甚至更危險的是，會對人們的健康造成危害。(1)havebeenfinding是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。①Becauseofillness,hehasbeenlyinginbedallday.由于生病，他整天都躺在床上。②Theyhave_been_buildingthebridgefortwomonths.兩個月來他們一直在建橋。(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：用法例句區(qū)別一現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性Ihavebeenthinkingitover.我一直在考慮這件事。現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果Ihavethoughtitover.我已經(jīng)考慮過這件事了。區(qū)別二現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示動作的反復(fù)Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently？你最近經(jīng)常見他嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時不表示動作的反復(fù)Haveyoumethimrecently？你最近見過他嗎？區(qū)別三現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時常帶有感情色彩Ihavebeenwaitingforyouforthreehours.我已等了你三個小時。(暗含不滿的語氣)現(xiàn)在完成時不帶有感情色彩Ihavewaitedforyouforthreehours.我已等了你三個小時。(說明一個事實)2．Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil,makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.像豌豆或大豆這樣的農(nóng)作物將重要的礦物質(zhì)帶回土壤，從而使之適宜于種植要求土壤肥沃的農(nóng)作物，比如小麥或玉米。本句中makingit...為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示前面的情況所造成的結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于andmakeitreadyforcrops...;that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾wheatorcorn。①M(fèi)anypeoplefromallovertheworldhavemovedtoAmerica,makingitthemostmulticulturalcountryintheworld.來自世界各地的很多人去了美國，使之成為世界上最多元文化的國家。②Hecutoffthewire,preventing(prevent)abigfire.他剪斷電線，阻止了一場大火。[名師點(diǎn)津]現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的、意料之中的結(jié)果；不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語表示偶然的、意料之外的結(jié)果，且前面常有only修飾。③Hehurriedtotheairport,only_to_be_toldthattheplanehadtakenoff.他匆忙趕到機(jī)場，結(jié)果被告知飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Wouldyoucaretocommentonanytroublesomestudentsinyourclass?2．PractisingChinesekungfucannotonlybuildupone’sstrength,butalsodevelopone’scharacter.3．Kitty,takeyourumbrella.Itcankeepyourskinfreefrom/ofbeingburnt.4．Shereducedherweightbyfivekilogramslastmonth.5．HerpoorEnglishoftenledtomisunderstandingwhenshefirstwenttoEnglandmanyyearsago.6．Nowonderyouaresotired.Youhave_been_working(work)allday.7．Tedwasreallyconfusedbytheconfusingproblemwhichalsoconfusedotherpeopleforalongtime.(confuse)8．Shelookedatherwatchandturnedregretfully(regret)towardshome.9．Thechildslippedandfell,hitting(hit)hisheadagainstthedoor.10．Hehurriedtothebusstationonlyto_find(find)thatthelastbushadleft.Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子1．Much_to_our_regret,_wecouldn’tattendyourwedding.讓我們深感遺憾的是，我們不能參加你們的婚禮了。2．Shesattherein_confusion.Itwasobviousthatshegot_confusedbytheboy’sconfusing_explanation.她困惑地坐在那里，顯然是被這個男孩含糊不清的解釋弄糊涂了。3．Theyfocused_all_their_attention_onfindingasolutiontotheproblem.他們集中全部注意力尋找解決問題的辦法。4．Weshouldusenewenergytokeepourenvironmentfree_of_pollution.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)使用新能源，使我們的環(huán)境免受污染。5．Inaddition,anxietyandworrycanlead_to_sickness.此外，焦慮和擔(dān)心會導(dǎo)致疾病。一、全練語言點(diǎn)·基穩(wěn)才能樓高[本課語言點(diǎn)針對練習(xí)]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．ManyayoungChinesescientisthasmademanywonderfuldiscoveries(發(fā)現(xiàn))inscience.2．Thatcarwentoutofproduction(生產(chǎn))fiveyearsago.3．Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecomment(評論)butfeltthathecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.4．Allthemistakesintheexamhavebeenunderlined(畫底線標(biāo)出)inredink.5．Thisgenerationhasmadetheenvironmentafocus(焦點(diǎn))ofattention.6．Attheendofthenews,theyoftengiveyouasummary(總結(jié))ofthemainnewsstories.7．Goodnutrition(營養(yǎng))isessentialifpatientsaretomakeaquickrecovery.8．Iammixedupabouttheseconfusing(令人迷惑的)directions.9．I'msuresomethingwillbedonetoreduce(減少)theairpollution.10．Iregret(遺憾)totellyouthatyoudon'treceiveanyaward.Ⅱ.選詞填空eq\x(beconfusedabout，reduce...to，keepsth.inmind，buildup，leadto，turnto，focuson，makecommentson)1．Itisadisturbingproblemthatmanychemicalscanlead_tocancer.2．YuanLongpinghasbeenfocusing_onsearchingforawaytoincreasericeoutput.3．Peopleare_confused_aboutallthedifferentlabelsonfoodthesedays.4．Ipersuadedtheshopkeepertoreducethepriceofthedressto300yuan.5．Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcanturn_tomeatanytime.6．FamousexpertsareofteninvitedtoCCTVtomake_comments_onthecurrentsituation.7．Youmustkeep_it_in_mindthatyoushouldn'tlookdownuponanyonewhatevertheywear.8．Ittookmetenyearstobuild_upmybusiness,anditalmostkilledme.[本單元語言點(diǎn)溫故練習(xí)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thismeetingfocusedtheworld'sattentiononthepovertyofsomeAfricancountries.2．Shestruggledto_keep(keep)backhertears.3．HowIregretwasting(waste)somuchtimeinthenetbar!Ishouldhavestudiedharder.4．Iamverydisturbed(disturb)bythenewsthatmysonhasfailedintheexam.5．Withoutelectricity,wecouldn'tleadacomfortablelife.6．Sheonlywantsfreedom(free),justiceandequality.7．Modernizationisthekeytospeedingupouragricultural(agriculture)development.8．Userswillbeencouragedtoaddtoandcommenton/uponthematerial.9．Thecriminalhopedthatthepolicewouldhelpkeephimfreefrompunishmentifhehelpedthepolicecatchthemurderer.10．Iwouldratheryouhad_gone(go)therelastnight.Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子1．Much_to_my_satisfaction,_mybossagreedtomysuggestion.令我非常滿意的是，老板同意了我的建議。2．Alloureyeswere_focused_onthespeaker.大家的目光都集中在發(fā)言人身上。3．ThefansarehungryformeetingtheiridolsaftertheFilmFestival.電影節(jié)后，影迷們都渴望見到他們的偶像。4．Sheled_me_to_believethatshehadalotofinfluence.她使我相信她很有權(quán)勢。5．Sheequipped_her_son_withgoodeducation.她使她的兒子受到了良好的教育。6．Maybeweshouldridourselvesofmoderntechnologyandreturntosimplertimes.也許我們應(yīng)該讓自己擺脫現(xiàn)代科技，返回純真年代。7．Becarefulnottoconfusequantitywith/andquality.注意不要把數(shù)量與質(zhì)量混淆了。8．Itisverydisturbingthatwehaven'theardfromhim.我們沒有聽到他的消息，深感不安。9．Heisamongthe_best_students_to_dotheexperiment.他是做這個實驗最好的學(xué)生之一。10．Beijingisten_times_the_size_ofmyhometown.北京是我家鄉(xiāng)的十倍大。二、勤練高考題型，多練自能生巧Ⅰ.閱讀理解You'reinabitofadilemmastandinginfrontoftheproducesectionofyourlocalsupermarket.Inonehand,you'reholdingaconventionallygrownGrannySmithapple.Inyourotherhand,youhaveonethat'sbeenorganicallygrown.Bothapplesarefirm,shinyandgreen.Bothprovidevitaminsandfiber,andbotharefreeoffat,sodiumandcholesterol.Theconventionallygrownapplecostslessandisaprovenfamilyfavorite.Buttheorganicapplehasalabelthatsays“USDAOrganic”.Doesthatmeanit'sbetter?Safer?Morenutritious?Becomeabetterinformedconsumerforyournexttriptothesupermarket.Severaldifferencesbetweenorganicandnon-organicfoodsexist.Theword“organic”referstothewayfarmersgrowandprocessagriculturalproducts,suchasfruits,vegetables,grains,dairyproductsandmeat.Organicfarmingpracticesaredesignedtoencouragesoilandwaterconservationandreducepollution.Farmerswhogroworganicproduceandmeatdon'tuseconventionalmethodstofertilize,controlweedsorpreventlivestockdisease.Hereareotherdifferencesbetweenconventionalfarmingandorganicfarming：ConventionalfarmersOrganicfarmersApplychemicalfertilizerstopromoteplantgrowth.Applynaturalfertilizerstofeedsoilandplants.Applyinsecticidetoreducepestsanddisease.Usebeneficialinsectsandbirdstoreducepestsanddisease.Giveanimalsantibiotics,growthhormonesandmedicationstopreventdiseaseandpromotegrowth.Giveanimalsorganicfoodsandallowthemaccesstotheoutdoors.Usepreventivemeasures—suchasabalanceddietandcleanhousing—tohelpminimizedisease.*OrganicornotCheckthelabelTheU．S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)hasestablishedanorganiccertificationprogramthatrequiresallorganicfoodstomeetstrictgovernmentstandards.Thesestandardsregulatehowsuchfoodsaregrown,handledandprocessed.AnyfarmerorfoodmanufacturerwholabelsandsellsaproductasorganicmustbeUSDAcertifiedasmeetingthesestandards.OnlyproducerswhoselllessthanD|S5,000ayearinorganicfoodsareexempt(免除)fromthiscertification.IfafoodbearsaUSDAOrganiclabel,itmeansit'sproducedandprocessedaccordingtotheUSDAstandards.Thesealisvoluntary,butmanyorganicproducersuseit.語篇解讀：本文為一篇說明文?！坝袡C(jī)食品”一詞對我們來說耳熟能詳。但有機(jī)食物和普通的食物在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中到底有怎樣的差異，并不是每一個人都很清楚。1．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A．promotethesalesoforganicfoodsB．informpeoplethatorganicfoodsarebetterfortheirhealthC．compareconventionalandorganicfoodsD．persuadepeopletobecomeinformedconsumers解析：選C主旨大意題。該題目實際上是在考查文章是圍繞什么內(nèi)容展開的。文章的第一段就提出了conventionalapple和organicapple的不同概念，下文就這兩種事物進(jìn)行了對比，故該文章的寫作目的是告訴人們傳統(tǒng)食品與有機(jī)食品的差別。2．Accordingtothepassage,organicfarmingisintendedto________.A．improvethequalityofthesoilandwaterB．taketheplaceofthetraditionalagricultureentirelyC．preventlivestockfromgettingdiseasemoreeffectivelyD．a(chǎn)doptenvironmentally-friendlymethodstogrowplantsandfeedanimals解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章表格中對有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)和傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)做法的對比體現(xiàn)了有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的優(yōu)勢：在對環(huán)境有益的基礎(chǔ)上生產(chǎn)健康的食品。由此可知，有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)旨在通過對環(huán)境有益的方法進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。3．Whichofthefollowingmethodsbelongstoorganicfarming?A．Usingchemicalstokillinsectsandpreventdisease.B．Usingrottedplantsas