PPT-for-Grammar-(5.Passive-Voice-New)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課件

PassiveVoiceEnglishGrammarCanyoutransformthefollowingsentenceintopassivevoice?CharlesDickenswrotethenovelGreatExpectations.→ThenovelGreatExpectations

waswritten

byCharlesDickens.

AnywaystoexpresspassivemeaningintheChineselanguage?“被…,給…,受到…,遭到…,為…所,是…的,…”Lead-in:Canyou…?Lead-in:Canyou…?Canyoufindanydifferencesinmeaninginthefollowingsentences?Theworkerisprinting.Thebookisprinting.Thepolicemenkilledfivedemonstrators.Fivedemonstratorswerekilledbythepolicemen.Fivedemonstratorskilled.Foraconsiderabletime,thin-layerchromatography(TLC)wascalledthe"Princess"ofchromatographictechniques.Thisexpressionwaschosentocharacterizetheabilityofthisversatilemethodtoberenewedand"reinvented"overandoveragain.Unfortunately,today,onlyclassical,semi-quantitativeTLCprocedurescanbefoundinthevarious(andconservative)pharmacopoeias.Inaddition,thenumberofTLCapplicationsissteadilydecreasing,beingreplacedbyHPLCmethodsthatareconsideredmoreappropriate.ThenewestdevelopmentsininstrumentalTLCaremoreorlessneglectedbythepharmacopoeias,butcanneverthelessbeusedbyanalystsinbothresearchandqualitycontrolasitisafast,relativelylow-costtechnique…Canyounoticethemoststrikingfeatureofthepredicateverbsinthefollowingpassage?PassiveVoice:OutlineIntroductiontoPassiveVoicePassiveconstructionsConstraintsofusingPassiveVoiceTranslationofpassiveconstructionsPassiveVoice:IntroductionForanyfiniteverb,

Tenses(present&past)，

Aspects(progressive&perfective)，

Voices(active&passive)，

Moods(indicative,imperative&subjunctive)時(shí)體態(tài)式PassiveVoice:IntroductionWhatisVoice?--agrammaticalcategory.Itisaformoftheverbwhichshowswhetherthesubjectofasentenceactsorisactedon.e.g.MrsSmith(aperson);thefirstprize(athing);donate(anaction).

MrsSmithdonatedthefirstprize.(active)

ThefirstprizewasdonatedbyMrsSmith.(passive)PassiveVoice:IntroductionIfthesubjectacts,i.e.,thesubjectistheagentordoerofanaction,theverbtakestheformofactivevoice;Ifthesubjectisthepatientorrecipientoftheaction,theverbtakestheformofpassivevoice.Whatarethedifferentpassiveformsofdifferenttenses?PassiveVoice:Introductionam/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendonewas/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendoneshall/willbedoneshall/willbebeingdoneshall/willhavebeendoneshould/wouldbedoneshould/wouldbebeingdoneshould/wouldhavebeendonePassiveconstructions(be+done)(1)InSVO:We’llhavebeendiscussingtheproblemfor5hoursby5p.m.→Theproblemwillhavebeendiscussedfor5hoursby5p.m.(2)InSVoO:I’llaskyouafavor.→Afavorwillbeaskedofyou.Passiveconstructions(be+done)(3)InSVOC:(let,make,have;listento,hear,overhear;lookat,see,observe,notice,watch,feel,haveknown)WeoftenhearhersingthisEnglishsong.→Sheisoftenheard

tosingthisEnglishsong.Theteacherlet/madethegirlleaveaheadoftime.→Thegirlwasmadetoleaveaheadoftime.→Thegirlwasletleaveaheadoftime.Passiveconstructions(be+done)(4)Insentenceswithauxiliariesorsemi-auxiliaries:Theymusthavefinishedtheirwork.→Theirworkmusthavebeenfinished.Beginnersareapttomakesuchmistakes.→Suchmistakesareapttobe

madebybeginners.Passiveconstructions(be+done)(5)Inmulti-wordverbphrases:Theyarelookingintothismatter.(v.+prep.)→Thismatterisbeinglookedinto.Thecommitteeistoputoffthemeeting.(v.+adv.)→Themeetingistobeputoff.Wecannotputupwithsuchastateofthings.(v.+adv.+prep.)→Suchastateofthingscannotbeputupwith.Passiveconstructions(be+done)Hetookgreatcareofhisbooks.(v.+n.+prep.)→Hisbooksweretakengreatcareof.→Greatcarewastakenofhisbooks.(makeamessof,payattentionto,putanendto,etc.)(5)Inmulti-wordverbphrases:

Passiveconstructions(be+done)(6)Insentenceswithanobjectclause:Peoplebelievethatheishonest.→Itisbelievedthatheishonest.→Heisbelieved

tobehonest.Itisthoughtthathewillcome/willbecoming/iscoming.→Heisthought

tobecoming.Itisbelievedthathecame/hascome.→He

isbelieved

tohavecome.Passiveconstructions(be+done)Exercises:Transformthefollowingintothepassive:Wehavebeentalkingabouttheissueoftheenvironmentalpollutionforyears.2.I’llaskeverystudentaquestionofEnglishgrammar.3.Wehaveneverknownthegirltellalie.4.Theywillhavetoadoptadifferentattitude.5.Youmustlayspecialemphasisonthechoiceofwords.6.WeknowthattheexpeditionreachedtheSouthPoleinMay.Passiveconstructions(be+done)Wehavebeentalkingabouttheissueoftheenvironmentalpollutionforyears.

Theissueoftheenvironmentalpollutionhasbeentalkedaboutforyears.Passiveconstructions(be+done)2.I’llaskeverystudentaquestionofEnglishgrammar.EverystudentwillbeaskedaquestionofEnglishgrammar.AquestionofEnglishgrammarwillbeaskedof

everystudent.Passiveconstructions(be+done)3.Wehaveneverknownthegirltellalie.Thegirlhasneverbeenknowntotellalie.Passiveconstructions(be+done)4.Theywillhavetoadoptadifferentattitude.

Adifferentattitudewillhavetobeadopted.Passiveconstructions(be+done)5.Youmustlayspecialemphasisonthechoiceofwords.

Thechoiceofwordsmustbelaidspecialemphasison.Specialemphasismustbelaid

onthechoiceofwords.Passiveconstructions(be+done)6.WeknowthattheexpeditionreachedtheSouthPoleinMay.

ItisknownthattheexpeditionreachedtheSouthPoleinMay.TheexpeditionisknowntohavereachedtheSouthPoleinMay.Passiveconstructions(be+done)(7)Ininfinitives:Itisimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.Ihavetwoletterstowrite.Therearetwoletterstowrite/tobewritten.Heisthebestmantochoose.

→Heisthebestmantomakethechoice.→Heisthebestmantobechosen.Butsometimes,habituallytheactiveinfinitiveexpressespassivemeaning:Thishouseistolet.Youarenottoblameforwhathappened.

Passiveconstructions(be+done)(8)In–ingparticiples:Theproblembeingdiscussedisofvitalimportance.Havingbeen

invited

tospeak,I’llstartmakingpreparationstomorrow.Iobjecttobeingkeptwaiting.Butsometimes,theactive–ingformmayexpresspassivemeaning:Thefilmisworthseeing.Mywatchneedsrepairing.(Ex.p.248)ActiveconstructionswithpassivemeaningNoticethedifferenceinmeaning:Motheriscooking.Thepotatoesarecooking.Tripitakaiscooking.Thedoorwon’tlock.Thisclothwasheseasily.Thepigkillswell.Thispoemreadswell.ConstraintsofusingPassiveVoice(1)Verbconstraints:“Intransitiveverbs,linkingverbs,have(有),become(適合),hold(能容納),lack(缺乏),resemble(像),suit(適合)”cannotbeusedinthepassive.Thehousewasowned/waspossessedbyBob.*ThehousewashadbyBob.ConstraintsofusingPassiveVoice(2)Objectconstraints: Ihopetobeinvited.Sheenjoysbeing

flattered.Ibelievethattheboyishonest.Shehurtherselfwhenshefellfromtheladder.Weshouldhelpeachother.

When“theinfinitive,gerund,nounclause,reflexivepronoun,reciprocalpronoun”areusedastheobject,wecannotchangethesentenceintopassive.ConstraintsofusingPassiveVoice(2)Objectconstraints:Theflatonthefifthflooroftenchangeshands.Herplanhasn’tborneanyfruit.GreatchangeshavetakenplacesinceshewasatUESTC.Themedicinesoontookeffect.Insomesetphrases,thesentenceisseldomchangedintopassive.ConstraintsofusingPassiveVoice(3)Meaningconstraints:Tomhitthesacksoonlastnight.→ThesackwashitbyTom.Shecan’tteachJohn.→Johncan’tbetaught.Theraindestroyedtheflowers.→Theflowersweredestroyedbytherain.ConstraintsofusingPassiveVoice(4)Genreconstraints:

Passivevoicesaremoreoftenusedininformativethaninimaginativewriting,andarenotablymorefrequentintheobjective,impersonalstyleofscientificarticles.Translationofpassiveconstructions譯成漢語(yǔ)主動(dòng)句:(1)英文中的主語(yǔ)在譯文中仍作主語(yǔ):Thewholecountrywasarmedinafewdays.幾天以內(nèi)全國(guó)武裝起來(lái)了.(2)不加主語(yǔ)：Itishopedthat…希望Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道Itissaidthat…據(jù)說(shuō)Itissupposedthat…據(jù)推測(cè)Itmustbeadmittedthat…必須承認(rèn)Itmustbepointedoutthat…必須指出TranslationofpassiveconstructionsItwillbeseenfromthisthat…由此可見Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat…可以毫不夸張地說(shuō)(3)可加表泛指意義的主語(yǔ)：Itisassertedthat…有人主張Itisbelievedthat…有人相信Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…大家認(rèn)為Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知Itwillbesaidthat…有人會(huì)說(shuō)Itwastoldthat…有人曾經(jīng)說(shuō)Translationofpassiveconstructions譯成漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句:“被……,給……,(遭)受……,為……所,把/使/由”:IstartedtoexplainthatIcouldnotdomybestsincemyspectacleshadbeentakenawayfromme,butshewouldn’tletmefinish.我開始解釋,我不可能干得很好,因?yàn)槲业难坨R已給拿走了,但她不準(zhǔn)我講完.Ourforeignpolicyissupportedbythepeopleallovertheworld.

我們的對(duì)外政策受到全世界人民的支持.TranslationofpassiveconstructionsIwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard.我為這些話所深深感動(dòng),后來(lái)我就把它們寫在圣誕賀卡上.Thefamoushotelhad

beenpracticallydestroyedbythebigfire.大火使這著名旅館幾乎全部毀滅.TranslatethefollowingpassivesentencesintoChinese:1.Mostofthequestionshavebeensettledsatisfactorily,andonlyafewquestionsofsecondaryimportanceremaintobediscussed.2.Alargesumofmoneyhasbeenputasideforthatpurpose.3.Rainbowsareformedwhensunlightpassesthroughsmalldropsofwaterinthesky.4.Hitlerwasalsowashedawaybythestormsofhistory.5.Lastyeartheregionwasvisitedbytheworstdroughtin60years.6.Itisunderstoodthatthisistheresultofrecentnegotiations.7.ItisknowntoallthatTaiwanhasalwaysbeeninthepossessionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.8.ItmustbepointedoutthatChinaisadevelopingcountryandwillalwaystakesideswiththethirdworld.TranslatethefollowingpassivesentencesintoChinese:Mostofthequestionshaveb