備課內(nèi)容國際商務(wù)英語閱讀chapter

CHAPTER3EconomicIntegration

3.1TheEuropeanUnion

BackgroundKnowledgeTheEuropeanUnion(EU)isaneconomicandpoliticalunionof27memberstateswhicharelocatedprimarilyinEurope.TheEUtracesitsoriginsfromtheEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity(ECSC)andtheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)formedbysixcountriesin1958.IntheinterveningyearstheEUhasgrowninsizebytheaccessionofnewmemberstates,andinpowerbytheadditionofpolicyareastoitsremit.TheMaastrichtTreatyestablishedtheEuropeanUnionunderitscurrentnamein1993.ThelastamendmenttotheconstitutionalbasisoftheEU,theTreatyofLisbon,cameintoforcein2009.TheEUoperatesthroughahybridsystemofsupranationalindependentinstitutionsandintergovernmentallymadedecisionsnegotiatedbythememberstates.ImportantinstitutionsoftheEUincludetheEuropeanCommission(歐洲委員會),theEuropeanParliament(歐洲議會),theCouncilofMinisters(部長會議),theEuropeanCourtofJustice(歐洲法庭),theCourtofJusticeoftheEuropeanUnion,andtheEuropeanCentralBank.TheEuropeanParliamentiselectedeveryfiveyearsbyEUcitizens.TheEUhasdevelopedasinglemarketthroughastandardizedsystemoflawswhichapplyinallmemberstatesincludingtheabolitionofpassportcontrolswithintheSchengenarea,whichensuresthefreemovementofpeople,goods,services,andcapital,enactslegislationinjusticeandhomeaffairs,andmaintainscommonpoliciesontrade,agriculture,fisheriesandregionaldevelopment.

Amonetaryunion,theEurozone,wasestablishedin1999andiscurrentlycomposedofseventeenmemberstates.ThroughtheCommonForeignandSecurityPolicytheEUhasdevelopedalimitedroleinexternalrelationsanddefence.PermanentdiplomaticmissionshavebeenestablishedaroundtheworldandtheEUisrepresentedattheUnitedNations,theWTO,theG8andtheG-20.Withatotalpopulationofover500millioninhabitants,in2010theEUgeneratedanestimated26%(US$16.282trillion)oftheglobaleconomy,or20%(US$15.170trillion)whenadjustedintermsofpurchasingpowerparity.

2.1TheEuropeanUnionMajorInformationThreeOriginalCommitteesthreetreaties:MajorInstitutionstheEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity(ECSC),theAtomicEnergyCommunity,theTreatyofRome,theEuropeanCommissiontheEuropeanEconomicCommunitytheSingleEuropeanAct,theMaastrichtTreatytheEuropeanParliamenttheCouncilofMinisterstheEuropeanCourtofJusticeWORDSANDEXPRESSIONSobligevt.1.(形勢、規(guī)定或法律)強(qiáng)迫，迫使(Ifyouareobligedtodosomething,asituation,rule,orlawmakesitnecessaryforyoutodothatthing.)Thestormgotworseandworse.Finally,Iwasobligedtoabandonthecarandcontinueonfoot.暴風(fēng)雨愈發(fā)猛烈，我最終不得不棄車步行。Thisdecreeobligesunionstodelaystrikes.該法令迫使工會推遲罷工。Thecommitmentsshouldobligethegovernmenttotightenthebudgetwhentheeconomyimproves.

當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)改善時，這樣的保證能迫使政府縮減財政預(yù)算。SometimesthewaytheunitedstatesbehavesinLatinAmericaseemscalculatedtoobligeitsfriendstoseekotherallies.

有時，美國似乎刻意在拉美做出一些舉動，迫使其拉美友邦尋求新的聯(lián)盟伙伴。Nobodyknowsiftighterlendingstandardswillobligeborrowerstoraisemorecapital,triggeringmoresalesinstockmarketsandmorepain.

沒有人知道更加嚴(yán)格的借貸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是否會迫使借款人募集更多的資本，從而在股市中導(dǎo)致更多的拋售和更多的痛苦。Fiscalcutbackswillindeedthrowlaboroutofwork,oratleastobligeittofindlower-paidjobswithfewerrights.

財政削減實際上只會讓更多的勞工失業(yè)，至少迫使他們?nèi)で蟾托匠辍⒏賱诒５墓ぷ?。vt.&vi.1.施恩惠于；幫……的忙（Toobligesomeonemeanstobehelpfultothembydoingwhattheyhaveaskedyoutodo.）Ifyoueverneedhelpwiththebabysitting,I'dbegladtooblige.如果你什么時候需要找人照看孩子，我很樂意幫忙。Wecalledupthreeeconomiststoaskhowtoeliminatethedeficitandtheyobligedwithverystraightforwardanswers…我們打電話給3位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家詢問如何消除赤字，他們坦率地給予了答復(fù)。MrOakleyalwayshasbeenreadytoobligejournalistswithinformation.奧克利先生總是樂于向記者透露消息。2.(常用被動)感激不盡;如蒙…將不勝感激;勞駕…好嗎(Peoplesometimesuseobligedinexpressionssuchas'muchobliged'or'Iamobligedtoyou'whentheywanttoindicatethattheyareverygratefulforsomething.)Muchobligedforyourassistance...對您的幫助我不勝感激。Thankyouverymuchindeed,Doctor,Iamextremelyobligedtoyou.大夫，太感謝您了，您真是我的大恩人。Iwouldbeobligedifyoucouldreadittous.您若能把它讀給大家聽，我將不勝感激。resortvi.

求助于或訴諸某事物，采取某手段或方法應(yīng)急或作為對策(Ifyouresorttoacourseofactionthatyoudonotreallyapproveof,youadoptitbecauseyoucannotseeanyotherwayofachievingwhatyouwant.)Hispunishingworkschedulehadmadehimresorttodrugs.異常緊張的工作安排使他開始吸毒。Someschoolshaveresortedtorecruitingteachersfromoverseas.有些學(xué)校不得不開始從海外招收老師。Manypeopleincrisisdoresorttofamiliarwaysofcoping.很多人當(dāng)面臨危機(jī)的時候，會求助于類似的面對方式。n.1.熱鬧場所，娛樂場，度假勝地(Aresortisaplacewherealotofpeoplespendtheirholidays.)...theskiresorts.滑雪勝地Theactorplanstoturnitintoanecofriendlyresort.萊昂納多計劃將其變?yōu)橐粋€環(huán)境友好的度假勝地。2.采用的辦法;常去，人多，人群(Ifyoudosomethingasalastresort,youdoitbecauseyoucanfindnootherwayofgettingoutofadifficultsituationorofsolvingaproblem.)Nuclearweaponsshouldbeusedonlyasalastresort...不到萬不得已時不能選擇使用核武器。Asalastresortyoumayhavetoaccepttheirpointofview.最終，你可能不得不接受他們的觀點。asafirst(或last或final)resort作為第一招，作為一開始就采取的行動（或最后一招，作為萬不得已時所采取的行動）3.求助，憑借，訴諸(Ifyouachievesomethingwithoutresorttoaparticularcourseofaction,yousucceedwithoutcarryingoutthataction.Tohaveresorttoaparticularcourseofactionmeanstohavetodothatactioninordertoachievesomething.)Congresshasaresponsibilitytoensurethatallpeacefuloptionsareexhaustedbeforeresorttowar.國會有責(zé)任確保只有在所有和平手段都不奏效的情況下才會訴諸戰(zhàn)爭。4.最終(Youuseinthelastresortwhenstatingthemostbasicorimportantfactthatwillstillbetrueinasituationwhateverelsehappens.)Theywouldinthelastresortsupporttheirfriendswhatevertheydid.無論他們的朋友做了什么，他們最終都會支持他們的朋友。inthelastresortwhatreallymovesusisourpersonalconvictions.最終策勵我們行動的是我們的個人信念。reconcilev.1.調(diào)和，協(xié)調(diào)（兩種信仰、事實或要求）(Ifyoureconciletwobeliefs,facts,ordemandsthatseemtobeopposedorcompletelydifferent,youfindawayinwhichtheycanbothbetrueorbothbesuccessful.)It'sdifficulttoreconcilethedemandsofmyjobandthedesiretobeagoodfather...我很難做到既兼顧工作，又達(dá)成做個好父親的愿望。Wesuggestthatitispossibletoreconciletheseapparentlyopposingperspectives…我們認(rèn)為這兩個看似對立的觀點是可以調(diào)和的。NegotiatorsmustnowworkouthowtoreconcilethesedemandswithAmericandemandsforaccess.談判人員現(xiàn)在必須想辦法調(diào)和這些要求和美國人想要參與的要求。2.使和好;使和解(Ifyouarereconciledwithsomeone,youefriendlywiththemagainafteraquarrelordisagreement.)HeneverbelievedheandSusanwouldbereconciled...他從來沒想過自己和蘇珊會和解。DevlinwasreconciledwiththeCatholicChurchinhislastfewdays.德夫林在生命的最后幾天與天主教會達(dá)成和解。...myattempttoreconcilehimwithToby.我想使他與托比和好的努力Asheedtheprisoners,heagainpromisedtoreconcileFatahwithHamas.在歡迎釋放的在押犯的時候，他再一次承諾要出面調(diào)解哈馬斯與法塔赫之間的矛盾。Suchpositionswillbehardtoreconcileaheadofnextweek'ssummit.在下周歐盟峰會召開之前，類似這樣的舉動很難達(dá)成和解。3.順從;接受;將就(Ifyoureconcileyourselftoanunpleasantsituation,youacceptit,althoughitdoesnotmakeyouhappytodoso.)Shehadreconciledherselftoneverseeinghimagain.她說服了自己永遠(yuǎn)不再和他見面。Shefeltalittlemorereconciledtoherlot.她感到對自己的命運多少接受一些了。Howdoyoureconcilethischoicewithliberalism?你如何調(diào)和這個選擇與自由主義？4.使…...和……協(xié)調(diào)一致，使和諧Wehavetoreconcilecreativityanddemocracy.我們必須調(diào)和創(chuàng)造力和民主作風(fēng)。It’shardtoreconcilehisgreatwealthwithhishumbleappearance.很難把他的寒酸的外表和他的巨大的財富聯(lián)系起來。observe

n.1.（尤指為了解而）觀察，觀測;看到；注意到(Ifyouobserveapersonorthing,youwatchthemcarefully,especiallyinordertolearnsomethingaboutthem.Ifyouobservesomeoneorsomething,youseeornoticethem.)Sternalsostudiesandobservesthebehaviourofbabies...斯特恩還研究觀察嬰兒的行為。Theydon'tjustlistentomanagementspeeches:theyreadbodylanguage,observeinteractions,andviewfacilities.他們不僅僅只是聽聽高管們演講時的高談闊論就了事，他們還會解讀肢體語言、觀察互動和評判能力。ArethereanyclassesIcouldobserve?有我可以觀摩的課嗎？Oursniperteamsobservedthemmanningananti-aircraftgun.我們的狙擊隊觀看他們操作高射炮。In1664Hookeobservedareddishspotonthesurfaceoftheplanet.1664年，胡克注意到這顆行星表面有一塊微紅的斑點。Observeyourkidsperformanceinschool.觀察孩子在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)。It'sonethingtosimplyobserveandnotethecurrenttrendinessofDIYingenuity.看到和注意到DIY的原創(chuàng)潮流是一方面。

2.（尤指就注意到或深思熟慮之事）說，評論，評述(Ifyouobservethatsomethingisthecase,youmakearemarkorcommentaboutit,especiallywhenitissomethingyouhavenoticedandthoughtaboutalot.)Weobservethatthefirstcallsforradicaltransformationdidnotbeginuntiltheperiodoftheindustrialrevolution…我們認(rèn)為直到工業(yè)革命時期才出現(xiàn)了要求徹底變革的第一波吶喊。“Heisafineyoungman,”observedStephen.“他是個很不錯的小伙子，”斯蒂芬評論道。3.遵守，奉行（法律、習(xí)俗等）Ifyouobservesomethingsuchasalaworcustom,youobeyitorfollowit.Imposingspeedrestrictionsiseasy,butforcingmotoriststoobservethemistrickier…限制車速容易，但強(qiáng)制司機(jī)遵守這些限速規(guī)定就難辦多了。Thearmywasobservingaceasefire…軍隊正遵守停火協(xié)議。vt.慶祝;紀(jì)念A(yù)mericanforcesareobservingChristmasquietly.美國部隊正在悄悄地慶祝圣誕節(jié)。comply

vi.

遵從;依從，順從;應(yīng)允，同意;(Ifsomeoneorsomethingcomplieswithanorderorsetofrules,theyareinaccordancewithwhatisrequiredorexpected.)Thecommandersaidthatthearmywouldcomplywiththeceasefire…指揮官說軍隊會遵守?；饏f(xié)議。SomebeacheshadfailedtocomplywithEuropeandirectivesonbathingwater…有些海灘未能遵守歐洲有關(guān)浴場的指令。Therearecallsforhisresignation,butthereisnosignyetthathewillcomply.有人要求他辭職，不過還沒有跡象表明他會屈從。ItwouldberashtoassumeitwouldcomplyweretheFEDtoneedstatutoryhelpagain.假設(shè)美聯(lián)儲又一次需要立法機(jī)構(gòu)的幫助，它是不是會順從還是無從判斷。Appsthatdonotcomplymaynotbeusedonappledevices.不遵從規(guī)定的應(yīng)用程序不能在蘋果的產(chǎn)品上使用。AspatienceinBrusselswearsthin,theEUlastmonthsaidChina'sandIndia'sairlineshaduntilJune15tocomply.布魯塞爾方面已逐漸失去耐心，上月歐盟表示，中國和印度的航空公司必須在6月15日之前遵從規(guī)定。Ifnextofkinasktohaveaprofiletakendown,Facebookwillcomply.如果親屬要求撤下用戶的檔案，F(xiàn)acebook將會照做。commitvt.1.犯(罪);做(壞事)(Ifsomeonecommitsacrimeorasin,theydosomethingillegalorbad.)Ihavenevercommittedanycrime...我從來沒犯過罪。Thisisamanwhohascommittedmurder.這是一個殺人犯。...thetemptationtocommitadultery.與人通奸的誘惑Ifsomeonecommitssuicide,theydeliberatelykillthemselves.Thereareunconfirmedreportshetriedtocommitsuicide.有未經(jīng)證實的報道說他曾企圖自殺。Hethinksthatteenagegangmemberswhocommitmurdershouldbeexecuted,thatfourteen-year-oldthievesshouldbetriedasadults.他認(rèn)為犯了謀殺罪的少年幫派成員應(yīng)該被執(zhí)行死刑，那些十四歲的小偷應(yīng)當(dāng)作為成年人被審判。Thestatisticssupporttheintuitivetruthaboutfraudandwhite-collarcrime:thatthewell-educatedaremorepronetoindulgeinitthantocommitviolentcrimes.統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)為有關(guān)欺詐和白領(lǐng)犯罪的直覺真理提供了支持：相比暴力犯罪，接受過良好教育的人更容易犯此類罪行。2.撥出，調(diào)配(資金、資源等)Ifyoucommitmoneyorresourcestosomething,youdecidetousethemforaparticularpurpose.)TheycalledonWesternnationstocommitmoremoneytothepoorestnations…他們呼吁西方國家向極端貧困國家投入更多的錢。Thegovernmenthadcommittedbillionsofpoundsforaprogrammetoreduceacidrain…政府已經(jīng)給一個旨在減少酸雨的方案撥了幾十億英鎊。HeshouldnotcommitAmericantroopswithoutthefullconsentofCongress.沒有國會的完全同意，他不應(yīng)該調(diào)遣美國軍隊。Weshouldhaveinsistedbankscommittomorelending.當(dāng)初應(yīng)該堅持讓銀行保證更多地放貸。Yetitisournaturetoseektoknowwhatanexperiencewillbelikebeforewecommitourselvestoit.但是我們在做一件事之前總是很自然地想知道這是什么事。JapaneseandsouthKoreanTVmanufacturerswouldalsoliketoseeHollywoodcommitmoreresourcesto3d.日本和韓國的電視機(jī)制造商也樂于看到好萊塢將更多的資源投到3d影視上。3.承諾，保證(做);忠于(某人)(Ifyoucommityourselftosomething,yousaythatyouwilldefinitelydoit.Ifyoucommityourselftosomeone,youdecidethatyouwanttohavealong-termrelationshipwiththem.)IwouldadvisepeopletothinkverycarefullyaboutcommittingthemselvestoworkingSundays…我建議大家慎重考慮一下答應(yīng)周日工作的問題。I'dlikeafriendshipthatmightleadtosomethingdeeper,butIwouldn'twanttocommitmyselftoosoon…我希望擁有一份能進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的友誼，但又不想太快作出承諾。Youdon'thavetocommittoanythingoverthephone.你不用在電話里承諾什么。Hesaidthegovernmentremainedcommittedtopeace.他說政府仍然致力于和平。...acommittedsocialist.忠誠的社會主義者4.明確表態(tài)(Ifyoudonotwanttocommityourselfonsomething,youdonotwanttosaywhatyoureallythinkaboutitorwhatyouaregoingtodo.)Itisn'ttheirdiplomaticstyletocommitthemselvesonsuchadelicateissue…對這樣一個微妙的問題明確表態(tài)并非他們的外交風(fēng)格。Shedidn'twanttocommitherselfonewayortheother.不管怎樣，她都不想明確表態(tài)。5.把…正式送進(jìn)(醫(yī)院、監(jiān)獄、高等刑事法庭等)Ifsomeoneiscommittedtoahospital,prison,orotherinstitution,theyareofficiallysentthereforaperiodoftime.)Arthur'sdrinkingcausedhimtobecommittedtoapsychiatrichospital.阿瑟由于酗酒被送進(jìn)一家精神病醫(yī)院。6.提交(IntheBritishlegalsystem,ifsomeoneiscommittedfortrial,theyaresentbymagistratestostandtrialinacrowncourt.)HeisexpectedtobecommittedfortrialatLiverpoolCrownCourt.預(yù)計他會被移交利物浦高等刑事法庭。7.把…寫下來;把…記住(Ifyoucommitsomethingtopaperortowriting,yourecorditbywritingitdown.Ifyoucommitsomethingtomemory,youlearnitsothatyouwillrememberit.)Shehadnotcommittedanythingtopaperaboutit…關(guān)于這件事她未曾寫下只言片語。I'llrepeatthatsoyoucancommitittomemory.我會重復(fù)一下，好讓你們記住。1.NootherworldwideorregionallegalregimeevencomesclosetorivalingtheEuropeanUnioninthedetailofitsrulemakingandtheextenttowhichitpro-videsfortheintegrationofitsmember-nations.譯文：在有關(guān)制定規(guī)則的細(xì)節(jié)方面以及它所規(guī)定的成員國的一體化程度方面，還沒有哪個世界性或區(qū)域性法律政體能夠和歐盟相提并論。解析：句中comecloseto是“靠近”，引申為“與…相提并論”，其中的to是介詞，后面rivaling為及物動詞的動名詞形式。SENTENCES2.plianceduetolackofeffectiveenforcementmechanismshashistoricallybeenaproblemfortheCourt,withmember-nationsexhaustingallappealrightsand'draggingtheirfeet'beforecomplying.成員國窮盡其申訴權(quán)，并且拖延不執(zhí)行規(guī)則，因此，由于缺少有效的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)而造成的不服從規(guī)則有史以來一直是該法庭的一個難題。KEYTOEXERCISESI.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse:1—5:TFTFF6—10:TTTTFII.TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish:1.tocreateaEuropewithoutinternalfrontiersbyeliminatingthefinancialandtechnicalbarriers2.theEuropeanUnionhavingacombinedpopulationof380millionwithagross“national”combinedproductexceedingUS$7000billion3.asupranationalgovernmentalassociationwithitsownlegislative,administrative,treaty-makingandjudicialprocedures

4.toaffectcitizensofmember-nationsdirectlywithouttheinterventionorapprovalofthenationallegislaturesofthemember-nations5.thepursuitoftradeandeconomicgrowthviaacommoncustomstariffandtradepolicytowardnon-membercountries6.Tospendmoneyforthepurposeforwhichitisintended7.Towieldagreatdealofpowerincoordinatingandsettingupmacro-economicpoliciesthroughouttheregion8.democraticexpressionofthepoliticalwillofthepeoplesoftheEU9.torenderjudgmentagainstthemembernationinactionsofpliancecommencedbytheCommission.10.toprovideloansforcapitalinvestmentpromotingtheUnion’sbalancedeconomicdevelopmentandintegrationIII.Cloze:1—5:BCADC6—10:BACDAIV.ReadingComprehension:1.Thefourviewpointsare:①tocreateavisionoftheeofthechange②todevelopastrategicresponsetothenewenvironmenttomaintainasustainablelongtermcompetitiveadvantage.③toreorganizesothatauthoritycanbemorecentralizedsothatregionalprogramscanbeexecuted.④toinfluencevariouspowersandprocedures3.2EuropeanIntegrationinaGlobalContext

Majorcontents1.therelationshipbetweentheEuropeanUnionandsuchinternationalorganizationsastheWTO,IMF.….2.negativeintegrationandpositiveintegration3.thosetechnicaltermsasoccurinthetext4.knowledgeregardingthetechnicalinformationTerminology(英漢對照)theInternationalMonetaryFund國際貨幣基金組織StructuralAdjustmentPrograms(SAP)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整計劃StructuralAdjustmentCredits(SAC)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整貸款TheGeneralAgreementonTradeinService(GATS)服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定TradeRelatedIntellectualPropertyRights(TRIPS)與貿(mào)易相關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定theNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)theUnitedNationsOfficeonEnvironmentProtection聯(lián)合國環(huán)境保護(hù)局ParetoOptimality帕累托最優(yōu)（ParetoOptimality），也稱為帕累托效率（Paretoefficiency）exportorientation出口導(dǎo)向WORDSANDEXPRESSIONSembedv.1.使插入;使嵌入;埋藏;使固定Ifanobjectembedsitselfinasubstanceorthing,itesfixedtherefirmlyanddeeply.OneofthebulletspassedthroughAndrea'schestbeforeembeddingitselfinawall.其中一顆子彈射穿了安德烈亞的胸部，打入一面墻中。ThefossilsatDinosaurCoveareembeddedinhardsandstones…恐龍峽谷中的化石都嵌在堅硬的砂巖中。Thereisglassembeddedinthecut.有一片玻璃扎在傷口里。Youcanalsoembedthepanoramainyourownwebsite.你也可以將全景圖嵌入你的站點。Embedgooglemapsonyourclassroomblog.在教學(xué)博客中嵌入googlemaps。Howcanyoubestembedflashcontent?怎樣才是最佳的flash嵌入方式呢？2.使（態(tài)度、感情等）植根于（記憶中）;使融入(Ifsomethingsuchasanattitudeorfeelingisembeddedinasocietyorsystem,orinsomeone'spersonality,itesapermanentandnoticeablefeatureofit.)Thisagreementwillbeembeddedinastatetreatytobesignedsoon.這份協(xié)議將被納入即將簽署的國家條約中。Ithinkthathatredoftheotherisdeeplyembeddedinoursociety.我覺得對異己的仇恨在我們的社會中根深蒂固。deregulate

vt.&vi.1.撤銷對……的管制規(guī)定;解除對……的控制(Toderegulatesomethingmeanstoremovecontrolsandregulationsfromit.)...theneedtoderegulatetheUSairlineindustry...撤銷對美國航空業(yè)管制的需要Oncewholesalepricesarederegulated,consumerpriceswillalsorise.一旦批發(fā)價格放開，零售價格也會隨之上漲。ButGermany'spoliticiansarefarkeenertodenouncedeficitsthantoderegulatedomesticservices.但德國的政治家們則更熱衷于抨擊政府赤字而不是解除對國內(nèi)服務(wù)領(lǐng)域的管制。Successivegovernmentshavetriedandfailedtoderegulatefuelimports.歷屆政府都試圖開放石油進(jìn)口但都以失敗告終。MeasurestodevelopandderegulateChina'sfinancialmarketswouldalsohelptoimprovetheallocationofcapital.