高考英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞和主謂一致課件

語(yǔ)法專題五數(shù)詞和主謂一致-2-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納1.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ,語(yǔ)篇填空)ChineseNewYearisacelebrationmarkingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers

(carry)specialsignificance.

carries

該句含有why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,從句的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞-ing形式加介詞短語(yǔ)的形式,所以此處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填carries。2.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ,語(yǔ)篇填空)Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit

(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.

is

句子的主語(yǔ)是it,時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以填is。-3-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅰ,語(yǔ)篇填空)Fastfood

(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.

is

fast

food是第三人稱單數(shù)形式,句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填is。4.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ,語(yǔ)篇填空)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow

(be)oftenacceptable.

is

根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示一個(gè)常態(tài)或者習(xí)慣做法,且動(dòng)詞-ing形式做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。5.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅲ,語(yǔ)篇填空)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand

(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.

were

根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及前面的動(dòng)詞believed可知此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),且主語(yǔ)knives為復(fù)數(shù)形式,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用were。-4-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納數(shù)詞數(shù)詞分為兩種:基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)目)和序數(shù)詞(表示順序)。表示某人的確切年齡,用“基數(shù)詞+year(s)old”或者“attheageof+基數(shù)詞”,也可直接用基數(shù)詞;表示某人幾十多歲時(shí),用“inone’s+基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)(如twenties,thirties等)”來(lái)表達(dá)。Sheisstillin

her

twenties.她才二十幾歲。-5-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納表示“幾十年代”時(shí),在年份后加-s或-’s。Mygrandpawasbornin

the

1930s.我爺爺出生于20世紀(jì)30年代。分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,若分子大于1,則分母用復(fù)數(shù)。如:one-fourth(aquarter)1/4;two-fifths2/5。Two-thirdsofthemoneywasspentonfood.三分之二的錢(qián)都花在了食品上。-6-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納1.dozen(一打,十二),score(二十)與具體數(shù)詞或與many,several等連用時(shí),后不加-s,所修飾的名詞前介詞of有無(wú)均可。但是習(xí)慣上score多與of連用,而dozen很少與of連用。如:twodozeneggs兩打雞蛋,manydozenpencils好多打鉛筆;twoscoreofeggs40個(gè)雞蛋;threescoreofpeople60個(gè)人。dozen,score的復(fù)數(shù)形式后接of時(shí),表示“許多”。如:dozensofeggs幾十個(gè)雞蛋,scoresofpencils幾十支鉛筆。2.當(dāng)所修飾的名詞之前有限定詞these,those,my,your等或是修飾人稱代詞賓格them,us,you時(shí),這時(shí)需要加of。如:twodozenofthesepens,threescoreofthem。-7-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納主謂一致謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致,這叫主謂一致。在判定一個(gè)句子主謂是否一致時(shí),要遵循下列三個(gè)原則:語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致?！罢Z(yǔ)法一致”就是從語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致,即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞亦為復(fù)數(shù)形式?！耙饬x一致”就是從意義著眼來(lái)處理主謂語(yǔ)一致的問(wèn)題。主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依意義而定,也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！熬徒恢隆笔侵钢^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)往往和與其最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。-8-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納1.主語(yǔ)為表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、書(shū)名等整體概念的名詞時(shí)。Tenmilesisnotalongwayforme.十英里對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)不是很長(zhǎng)的距離。2.由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ),前面由every/each/no修飾時(shí)。Eachboyand(each)girlhasanapple.每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都有一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。3.and連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念,且兩個(gè)名詞共用一個(gè)冠詞時(shí)。AteacherofEnglishandclassteacheristellingussomethingaboutvolunteerworkersnow.一位英語(yǔ)老師兼班主任現(xiàn)在正告訴我們關(guān)于義工們的一些情況。-9-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.“thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)。Thenumberofprofessorspresentatthemeetingis1,800.出席會(huì)議的教授的人數(shù)是1,800。5.動(dòng)詞-ing形式、不定式或從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)。Whattheteacherdoesandsaysisofgreatimportancetothestudents.老師做的事和說(shuō)的話對(duì)學(xué)生很重要。-10-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納6.“morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”和“manya+單數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)。Morethanonestudenthas

gonetoBeijing.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生去了北京。—HowwastheEnglishtestlastFriday?—Manyastudenthas

passedthetest.——上周五的英語(yǔ)測(cè)驗(yàn)怎么樣?——許多同學(xué)都通過(guò)了測(cè)驗(yàn)。7.“the+形容詞”做主語(yǔ),表示一類(lèi)抽象的事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.新生事物一定會(huì)取代舊事物。-11-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納1.有些集合名詞如:clothes,cattle,folk,people,police等做主語(yǔ),后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thepolicearesearchingforthemurderer.警方正在搜尋兇手。2.“the+形容詞/過(guò)去分詞”做主語(yǔ),表示某一類(lèi)人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Theoldarelivingahappylifenow.老人們現(xiàn)在過(guò)著幸福的生活。3.由and或both...and...連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式(不可數(shù)名詞同樣)。Bothcoffeeandbeerareonsaleintheshop.這家商店里咖啡和啤酒都有售。-12-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納1.集合名詞如:group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew等做主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果看成一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果側(cè)重其成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Myfamilyhasfourpeople.Myfamilyalllikewatchingfootballgames.我家有四口人。我的家人都喜歡看足球比賽。-13-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.主語(yǔ)是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如:deer,sheep,fish,series,means,works,aircraft等時(shí),視其表達(dá)的意義而判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Everymeanshas

been

tried,butnoneprovedsuccessful.每個(gè)辦法都嘗試過(guò)了,但沒(méi)有一個(gè)證實(shí)是成功的。Manymeanshavenotcomeintoeffect.許多方法都沒(méi)生效。-14-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.代詞none,neither,all以及what引導(dǎo)的從句等做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于所指代的內(nèi)容。Allweneedisasmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.我們所需要的就是一小塊土地,在那兒我們可以在一年的生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)種植各種各樣的果樹(shù)。Whattheyhaveare200computers.他們擁有的就是二百臺(tái)電腦。-15-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納4.population表示“人口”,即一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目,它做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)它前面有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),population是指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的全體居民,它做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thepopulationofthatcountryisabout36million.那個(gè)國(guó)家的人口數(shù)大約是3,600萬(wàn)。Eightypercentofthepopulationinthatcountryarefarmers.那個(gè)國(guó)家80%的人口是農(nóng)民。-16-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納1.有時(shí)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間插入一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ),該短語(yǔ)對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不產(chǎn)生影響。Thedangerofforestfiresisnottobetakenlightly.森林火災(zāi)的危險(xiǎn)不能輕視。2.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,accompaniedby,like,inadditionto,aswellas,asmuchas,morethan,ratherthan,nolessthan,except,but,besides,including等連接的單詞(詞組)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與它們前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Newspapers,aswellastheInternet,playanimportantroleindailycommunication.報(bào)紙,還有互聯(lián)網(wǎng),在日常交流中起到了重要的作用。-17-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納1.由some,plenty,alot,lots,most,therest,all,half,part或分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞等短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如果of后面所接名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果of后面所接名詞為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式。Aboutonethirdofthebooksarewellworthreading.大約三分之一的書(shū)非常值得閱讀。Over30%oftheworkhas

been

finished.百分之三十以上的工作已經(jīng)完成了。-18-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納2.由akindof,thiskindof,manykindsof,名詞+ofthiskind(type,sort,part,piece,section,pair)等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。Thiskindofanimalsisdangerous.Animalsofthiskindaredangerous.這種動(dòng)物很危險(xiǎn)。3.“alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！發(fā)argeamountsof+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！癮good/greatdealof+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Vastamountsofmoneyarebeinginvestedinthelocalmarket.大量資金投放到當(dāng)?shù)氐氖袌?chǎng)上。-19-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納1.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和與它最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。NotonlyhisfamilybutalsohelikesChaplin’smovies.不但他的家人而且連他也喜歡卓別林的電影。Areeitheryouoryourbrothergoingtotheparty?要么你要么是你的弟弟將要去參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)嗎?2.therebe句型中be的形式由它后面的第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù)決定。There

aresomeenvelopesandpaperforyou.有一些信封和紙張給你。-20-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納1.在定語(yǔ)從句里,關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等做主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。Thosewhohave

seenthefilmpleaseputupyourhands.看過(guò)這部電影的請(qǐng)舉手。2.“oneof+the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tomisoneoftheboyswhohave

been

abroad.湯姆是出過(guò)國(guó)的男孩之一。3.“theonlyoneof+the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohas

passedtheexam.他是唯一一個(gè)通過(guò)這次考試的學(xué)生。-21-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.單句填空1.Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand

(remain)aroundthatleveleversince.(2020·天津,單項(xiàng)填空)has

remained

句意:醫(yī)學(xué)院的數(shù)量在20世紀(jì)90年代初期達(dá)到了18所,從那時(shí)起數(shù)量一直保持在那個(gè)水平上。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)ever

since可知,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);句子的主語(yǔ)是The

number,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。2.Two-fifthsofthelandinthatdistrict

(be)coveredwithtreesnow,about80%ofwhichwereplantedinthe1990s.(2019·遼寧八校聯(lián)考)

is

“分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞一致,land是不可數(shù)名詞,所以填is。-22-ⅠⅡⅢ3.Arespectedperson

(speak)politely.(2017·江西南昌第一次模擬測(cè)試)

speaks

主語(yǔ)A

respected

person為第三人稱單數(shù),故用speaks。4.Shespendstheentiredayinhertinystudio,which

(measure)lessthan10squaremetersaltogether,filledwithclothshoesinvariousstagesofcompletion.(2017·安徽合肥高三第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))

measures

which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為studio,且measure在此處用作系動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義,故用measures。5.Ithinkthisisaphenomenon,which

(call)forourgreatconcern.

calls

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句為定語(yǔ)從句,which指代a

phenomenon,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù);由I

think

this

is可知,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填calls。-23-ⅠⅡⅢ6.Agroupofdogs

(know)as“TherapyDogs”.

are

known

由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,“a

group

of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,dogs與know是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,此處描述的是一般情況,因此用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。7.Dr.Barone

(operate)onpeoplewithalltypesofbirthdefects.Shealsogoestoothercountrieswherepeoplecannotaffordthistreatmentandhelpsthemforfree.

operates

根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處表示經(jīng)常做的事情,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),且由句子主語(yǔ)Dr.Barone可知,應(yīng)填operates,與下文的goes和helps呼應(yīng)。-24-ⅠⅡⅢ8.Swimminginheatedpools

(be)verycommoninthispartofthecountryinwinter.

is

此處為動(dòng)詞-ing做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,且該句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故用is。9.Withoutthenewtaxes,housesbuiltbeforeWorldWarⅡ

(have)lowercoststhanmoremodernhousesdo.

have

分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句的主語(yǔ)是houses,且該句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故此處用have。-25-ⅠⅡⅢ10.ThatShakespearewasoneofthemosttalentedwriters

(be)anunderstatementtothosewhoarereallyfamiliarwiththefieldofliterature.

is

That

Shakespeare

was

one

of

the

most

talented

writers為that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,根據(jù)后文可知,此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故用is。11.Neithertheteachernorthestudents

(know)thesolutiontothemathsproblem.

know

neither...nor連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語(yǔ)the

students,且該句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故用know。-26-ⅠⅡⅢ12.Lastnight,there

(be)millionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.

were

句意:昨天晚上,有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人在電視上看了開(kāi)幕式的直播。由millions

of

people可知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last

night可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故用were。13.Heisoneofthosepeoplewho

(work)toohard.

work

此處為who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為those

people,且該句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故用work。-27-ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Asthesayinggo,treatothersasyouwouldliketobetreated.go→goes

從句主語(yǔ)the

saying為第三人稱單數(shù),故用goes。2.Eachofushavesomebadhabits.have→has

由句子主語(yǔ)Each

of

us可知,此處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。3.That’swhyheisingoodhealthmostofthetime,thoughhecaughtacoldnowandthen.caught→catches

根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now

and

then可知,此處表示一種常態(tài),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);因主語(yǔ)為he,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,即catches。-28-ⅠⅡⅢ4.Thischangeincommunicationhavegoodeffectsonourworkandlife.have→has

由語(yǔ)境可知,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);由句子主語(yǔ)This

change可知,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,即has。5.Someofusishavingproblemswithourparents,astheyoftenlookintoourschoolbags.is→are

主語(yǔ)為Some

of

us,根據(jù)下文的our可知,該句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。6.Hebegantocountthepeopleinhismindwhiletheyhavingthedeliciousfood.having前加were

此處表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),由主語(yǔ)they可知,應(yīng)用were

having。-29-ⅠⅡⅢ7.Iwassoundasleepwhenmyalarmclockdroppedontothefloorandwerebrokenintopieces.were→was

此處從句的主語(yǔ)為my

alarm

clock,是單數(shù)形式,因此用was。8.Besides,thereisagreatnumberoftouristattractionsworthvisiting,suchastheGreatWall,theSummerPalaceandtheForbiddenCity.is→are

there

be句型中謂語(yǔ)的形式與后面離它最近的名詞保持一致,即與attractions一致,根據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)可知,應(yīng)用are。-30-ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.短文改錯(cuò)Wearenowlivinginainformationage,inwhichTV,cellphonesandtheInternetarewideused.Itseemthatmanypeoplecannotenjoythemselveswithoutit