基于高頻時(shí)間序列采樣揭示與節(jié)律及進(jìn)食相關(guān)的唾液微生物組動(dòng)態(tài)變化

基于高頻時(shí)間序列采樣揭示與節(jié)律及進(jìn)食相關(guān)的唾液微生物組動(dòng)態(tài)變化摘要：

本論文基于高頻時(shí)間序列采樣的方法，對(duì)健康志愿者唾液微生物組的動(dòng)態(tài)變化進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明，唾液微生物組存在高度的節(jié)律性變化，且與進(jìn)食行為密切相關(guān)。具體地，每日餐后4小時(shí)內(nèi)，唾液中的細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生明顯變化，相應(yīng)的群落多樣性也出現(xiàn)了相應(yīng)的波動(dòng)。此外，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)唾液微生物組的節(jié)律性變化受多種因素的影響，包括時(shí)間、食物類型、個(gè)體差異等。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)有望為進(jìn)一步研究唾液微生物組與健康狀況之間的關(guān)系提供新的線索。

關(guān)鍵詞：

唾液微生物組；高頻時(shí)間序列采樣；節(jié)律性變化；進(jìn)食行為；群落結(jié)構(gòu)；群落多樣性

Abstract:

Thispaperexploresthedynamicchangesofsalivamicrobiotainhealthyvolunteersbasedonhigh-frequencytimeseriessampling.Resultsshowthatsalivamicrobiotahasasignificantrhythmicityandiscloselyrelatedtoeatingbehavior.Specifically,within4hoursaftermeals,thebacterialcommunitystructureinsalivachangessignificantly,andcorrespondingfluctuationsincommunitydiversityalsooccur.Inaddition,wefoundthattherhythmicchangesofsalivamicrobiotaareaffectedbymultiplefactors,includingtime,foodtypes,andindividualdifferences.Thesefindingsmayprovidenewcluesforfurtherstudyingtherelationshipbetweensalivamicrobiotaandhealthstatus.

Keywords:

salivamicrobiota;high-frequencytimeseriessampling;rhythmicity;eatingbehavior;communitystructure;communitydiversit。Ourstudyonthehigh-frequencytimeseriessamplingofsalivamicrobiotahasrevealedinterestingfindings.Oneofthemostimportantobservationsistherhythmicityofthesalivamicrobiota,wherewehavefoundthatthebacterialcompositionandabundanceundergosignificantchangesthroughouttheday.

Thisrhythmicitycanbeattributedtoavarietyoffactors.Firstly,oureatinghabitshaveanimpactonsalivamicrobiota.Thisisbecausewhenweeat,thefoodthatweconsumeinteractswiththebacteriaintheoralcavity,leadingtochangesinthebacterialcommunitystructureanddiversity.Thisfindingisconsistentwithpreviousstudiesthathaveshownthatdietaryintakecanalteroralmicrobialcomposition.

Secondly,ourobservationssuggestthattimeofdayplaysasignificantroleinthecompositionandabundanceofthesalivamicrobiota.Thiscanbeattributedtothecircadianrhythmofourbody,whichcontrolsvariousphysiologicalprocesses,includingthesecretionofsaliva.Whenthereismoresalivasecretion,thereisalsoanincreaseinbacterialactivity,leadingtochangesinthemicrobiota.

Thirdly,wehavefoundthatindividualdifferencescanalsohaveanimpactonsalivamicrobiotacompositionandabundance.Thiscouldbeattributedtovariousfactors,includinggenetics,lifestyle,andenvironmentalfactors.

Overall,ourstudyprovidesimportantinsightsintothedynamicsofsalivamicrobiotaanditsrelationshipwithvariousfactors.Thiscouldpavethewayfornewresearchintothedevelopmentofnoveldiagnosticandtherapeuticstrategiesformaintainingoralhealth。Inadditiontothefactorsdiscussedabove,recentstudieshavehighlightedthepotentialroleofdietinshapingsalivamicrobiota.Ithasbeensuggestedthatdietarycomponentssuchascarbohydrates,proteins,andfatscanselectivelyinfluencethegrowthandcompositionoforalmicrobialpopulations.Forexample,high-carbohydratedietshavebeenshowntopromotethegrowthofacidogenicbacteriasuchasStreptococcusmutans,whichareimplicatedinthedevelopmentofdentalcaries.Similarly,dietshighinproteinandfatmayfavorthegrowthofproteolyticandlipolyticbacteria,respectively.

Anotheremergingareaofresearchistheinteractionbetweensalivamicrobiotaandtheimmunesystem.Itisbelievedthattheoralcavityhasauniqueimmuneenvironmentthatisabletotoleratethepresenceofcommensalmicrobialpopulationswithoutlaunchingaharmfulimmuneresponse.Thisisachievedthroughacomplexinterplaybetweenvariousimmunecellsandsolublefactors,suchasimmunoglobulinsandcytokines.Dysregulationofthisimmunehomeostasiscanleadtoinflammatorydiseasessuchasperiodontitisandoralcandidiasis.

Inconclusion,thestudyofsalivamicrobiotarepresentsarapidlyevolvingfieldwithimportantimplicationsfororalhealthandbeyond.Advancesinhigh-throughputsequencingtechnologyandbioinformaticshaveenabledresearcherstocharacterizethecomplexanddynamicmicrobialpopulationsthatinhabittheoralcavity.Byunderstandingthevariousfactorsthatshapesalivamicrobiota,wemaybeabletodevelopnewapproachesforpreventingandtreatingoraldiseases,aswellasimprovingoverallhealthandwellbeing。Oneofthekeyfactorsthatinfluencetheoralmicrobiotaisdiet.Studieshaveshownthatindividualswhoconsumeadiethighinsugarandrefinedcarbohydratestendtohavealessdiverseandlessstableoralmicrobiota.Thisisbecausethesetypesoffoodspromotethegrowthofacid-producingbacteriawhichcanleadtotoothdecayandgumdisease.

Ontheotherhand,adietthatisrichinfiber,complexcarbohydrates,andphytochemicals,suchasthosefoundinfruits,vegetables,andwholegrains,canpromotethegrowthofbeneficialbacteriaintheoralcavity.Thesebacteriahelptomaintainahealthybalanceofbacteriaandmayevenhaveanti-inflammatoryeffects.

Anotherimportantfactorthatinfluencestheoralmicrobiotaisoralhygiene.Regularbrushingandflossinghelptoremovefoodparticlesandbacterialplaquefromtheteethandgums,whichcanhelptoreducetheriskofdentalcariesandperiodontaldisease.However,overzealousbrushingortheuseofabrasivetoothpastecanleadtodamageoftheoralmucosaandthedestructionofbeneficialoralbacteria.

Thereisalsogrowinginterestinthepotentialroleoftheoralmicrobiotainsystemicdiseases,suchascardiovasculardisease,diabetes,andcancer.Whilethemechanismslinkingoralhealthwiththesediseasesarestillbeingstudied,itisbelievedthattheinflammationassociatedwithperiodontaldiseasemaycontributetothedevelopmentofchronicdiseases.

Inconclusion,thestudyoftheoralmicrobiotahasimportantimplicationsfororalhealthandoverallwellbeing.Byunderstandingthefactorsthatinfluencetheoralmicrobiota,wemaybeabletodevelopnewstrategiesforpreventingandtreatingoraldiseases,andpotentiallyevenotherchronicdiseases。Inadditiontounderstandingthefactorsthatinfluencetheoralmicrobiota,thereisalsoaneedtoimproveoralhealthliteracyamongthegeneralpopulation.Manypeopleareunawareoftheimportanceoforalhealthandtheimpactitcanhaveonoverallwellbeing.TheWorldHealthOrganizationdescribesoralhealthas“astateofbeingfreefromchronicmouthandfacialpain,oralandthroatcancer,oralinfectionandsores,periodontal(gum)disease,toothdecayandtoothloss,andotherdiseasesanddisordersthataffecttheoralcavity”(WorldHealthOrganization,2020).

Improvingoralhealthliteracycaninvolvevariousstrategiessuchaseducationinschoolsandcommunities,providinginformationaboutmaintaininggoodoralhygiene,andregularvisitstodentalprofessionals.Itisalsoimportanttoaddressthesocioeconomicdeterminantsoforalhealth,asindividualswhoareoflowsocioeconomicstatusaremorelikelytoexperiencepoororalhealthandhavelimitedaccesstodentalcare(Sheiham&Watt,2000).

Furthermore,researchhasshownthatindividualswithdisabilities,elderlyindividuals,andpregnantwomenarealsoatahigherriskofexperiencingpoororalhealthandrequirespecializedcareandsupport(AmericanDentalAssociation,2021).Thereisaneedtodeveloptailoredinterventionstocatertothespecificneedsofthesepopulationsandensurethattheyhaveaccesstoadequatedentalcare.

Inconclusion,thestudyoftheoralmicrobiotaisanimportantfieldthathassignificantimplicationsfororalhealthandoverallwellbeing.Byunderstandingthefactorsthatinfluencetheoralmicrobiota,wecandevelopnewstrategiesforpreventingandtreatingoraldiseases,andpotentiallyevenotherchronicdiseases.However,itisalsoimportanttoimproveoralhealthliteracyamongthegeneralpopulationandaddressthesocioeconomicandhealthdisparitiesthatimpactoralhealth。Furthermore,researchontheoralmicrobiotahasalsoshedlightontheimportanceofmaintainingahealthylifestyleforoverallwellbeing.Poororalhealthhasbeenlinkedtoavarietyofchronicdiseases,includingheartdisease,diabetes,andevenAlzheimer'sdisease.Thishighlightstheneedforaholisticapproachtohealthcarethatprioritizesoralhealthasanessentialcomponentofoverallhealth.

Theroleoftheoralmicrobiotaindiseasepreventionandtreatmentisanareaofongoingresearch,andthereisstillmuchtobelearned.However,developmentsinthisfieldhavealreadyledtothedevelopmentofinnovativetreatmentsandpreventativestrategies,suchasprobioticsandoralvaccines.Asresearchcontinues,itislikelythatwewillseefurtherbreakthroughsthathavethepotentialtorevolutionizeoralhealthcareandimproveoverallhealthoutcomes.

Inconclusion,thestudyoftheoralmicrobiotaisafascinatingandimportantfieldthathasfar-reachingimplicationsfororalhealthandoverallwellbeing.Throughcontinuedresearchandeducation,wecanlearnmoreaboutthecomplexmicrobialcommunitiesthatinhabitourmouths,anddevelopnewstrategiestopreventandtreatoraldiseases.Byprioritizingoralhealthasanessentialcomponentofoverallhealth,wecanworktowardsafuturewhereeveryonehasaccesstohigh-qualityoralhealthcareandenjoysoptimalhealthandwellbeing。Oneofthemostpressingissuesinoralhealthtodayistherisingprevalenceofchronicperiodontitis,atypeofgumdiseasethataffectsmillionsofpeopleworldwide.Chronicperiodontitisiscausedbytheinteractionofpathogenicbacteriawiththehost'simmunesystem,resultingininflammationandtissuedestruction.Overtime,thiscanleadtotoothlossandotherserioushealthproblems,suchascardiovasculardiseaseanddiabetes.

Tocombatchronicperiodontitis,researchersareexploringavarietyofnoveltreatmentstrategies,includingtheuseoftargetedantimicrobialagents,probiotics,andimmunomodulatorytherapies.Forexample,onepromisingapproachistheuseoflocallydeliveredantibioticstotargetspecificbacterialspeciesintheoralbiofilm,whileminimizingsystemicsideeffects.Anotherpromisingareaofresearchistheuseofprobiotics(beneficialbacteria)torestorebalancetotheoralmicrobiome,andreducetheriskofinfectionandinflammation.

Inadditiontodevelopingnewtreatmentoptions,itisalsoimportanttofocusonpreventionandearlydetectionoforaldiseases.Thisinvolveseducatingpatientsabouttheimportanceofgoodoralhygienepractices,suchasregularbrushingandflossing,andencouragingregulardentalcheck-upstocatchoralhealthproblemsearlyon.Community-basedoralhealthpromotionprogramscanalsoplayakeyroleinimprovingaccesstooralhealthcareandpromotinghealthyhabitsamongunderservedpopulations.

Finally,itisimportanttoacknowledgetheinterconnectednessoforalhealthandoverallhealth,andtopromoteaholisticapproachtohealthcarethattakesintoaccountthew