2019版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit2Poems達標(biāo)鞏固練(含解析)新人教版選修6

Poems李仕才一、閱讀理解。Plasticsludge(污泥)andgarbageisadisasterfortraveledtheglobetodocumenttherubbish.AndJulieFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.

theworld'soceans.AfilmcrewAndersenofthePlasticOceans“Halfofthewasteactuallysinkstothebottom，andthatthatremainsonthesurfaceactuallybreaksdown.”Thefilmmakersfoundrubbishinoceangyres，thecirculatingcurrentsthattraplargeconcentrationsofpollutionintheAtlantic，Indian，andPacificOceans，homeofwhatsomehavecalledaplasticisland.“WhatwefoundinthecenterofthePacificwasnotafloatingislandofplastic.Whatwefoundwasaplasticsmogthatspreadthroughoutallthewater.Andinsomepartsoftheoceans，scientistshavefoundmoreplasticthanplant.”Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain，sometimesvisibly，andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel，wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants.“Thereareheavymetals，medicines，industrialwasteinthesea，whileitactslikemagnets(磁鐵)．Thesepoisonoussubstancesabsorbontheplastic，andthenwhenseafoodabsorbstheplastics，thosepoisonoussubstancesenterthefattytissues.”Tobeconsumedbyothersealifeandbypeopleatlast.China，Indonesia，thePhilippines，ThailandandVietnamaretheworstplasticpolluters.TheUnitedStates，althoughaleaderinrecycling，isoneoftheworld's20sinceitproducesandconsumessomuchplastic.Thereareeffortsaroundtheworldtoaddresstheproblem，includingatthisnewlyopenedrecyclingcenterinLebanon(黎巴嫩)．ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando.“Cutbackonsingle-useplastics，straws，plasticcups，plasticwaterbottles，plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials.”Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.1．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．There'sanislandfullofplasticrubbishinthePacific.B．Thebadeffectofplasticpollutioncan'tbeseenbyeyes.C．TheUnitedStatesistheleastplasticpolluters.D．Theplasticpollutiontooceansismoreseriousthanwhatwecansee.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinParagraph3?A．Pollutantslikeheavymetalsandmedicines.B．Theplasticparticles.C．Seafood.D．Fattytissues.3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．AllAsiancountrieshavethemostseriousproblemofplasticpollution.B．Theplasticproblemhasn'tattractedtheworld'sattention.C．Andersenisnotsatisfiedwithwhathasbeendonetosolvetheplasticproblem.D．Peopleshouldstopusingplasticproductsimmediately.4．Whichmaybethetitleofthepassage?A．PlasticpollutionintheWorldB．Plasticpollution—Oceans'DisasterC．WaystosolvetheproblemofplasticpollutiontooceansD．Plasticpollutionandourhealth【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了塑料垃圾對大海的嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞。長難句剖析：Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain，sometimesvisibly，andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel，wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants.(第三段第一句)剖析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句。where指引的是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞microscopiclevel。譯文：塑料垃圾碎片會影響食品鏈，這類影響有時明顯，但更多的仍是反應(yīng)在微觀層面上，塑料微粒在這個層面上與其余污染物互相作用。詞匯累積：disastern．災(zāi)害documentv．記錄poisonousadj.有毒的substancen．物質(zhì)tissuen．組織1．D考察推理判斷。...whatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.“Halfofthewasteactuallysinkstothebottom，andthatthatremainsonthesurfaceactuallybreaksdown.”(第一段最后兩句)譯文：我們所看到的不過問題的一小部分。“實質(zhì)上有一半的垃圾都沉入了海底，另一些殘留在表面上的實質(zhì)上已經(jīng)分解掉了?！苯忸}思路：依據(jù)重點句可推測出，大海中的塑料垃圾遠比我們看到的要嚴(yán)重得多。依據(jù)第二段第二句“WhatwefoundinthecenterofthePacificwasnotafloatingislandofplastic.”可知，A項與原文不符；依據(jù)重點句可知，B項與原文不符；依據(jù)最后一段第二句中的“oneoftheworld's20sinceitproducesandconsumessomuchplastic”可知，C項與原文不符。應(yīng)選D。22．B考察指代判斷。Thesepoisonoussubstancesabsorbontheplastic,andthenwhenseafoodabsorbstheplastics，thosepoisonoussubstancesenterthefattytissues.(第三段第三句)譯文：這些有毒物質(zhì)會吸附在塑料上，而后當(dāng)海鮮汲取這些塑料時，有毒物質(zhì)就會進入它們的脂肪組織。解題思路：依據(jù)畫線詞上句中的“theplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants”可知，塑料顆?？膳c其余污染物互相作用；聯(lián)合重點句可知，此處應(yīng)指塑料顆粒就像磁鐵相同，能夠?qū)⒍舅匚降阶约荷砩?，而后帶入海鮮體內(nèi)。由此可推知，it指代上文中的“theplasticparticles”，應(yīng)選B。3．C考察細節(jié)理解。ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando.“Cutbackonsingle-useplastics，straws，plasticcups,plasticwaterbottles，plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials.”(最后一段第四、五句)譯文：但是Andersen稱，人們能做的不不過是這些?！皽p少一次性塑料、吸管、塑料杯、塑料水瓶和塑料袋的使用，并找到諸如可再用資料之類的代替品。”解題思路：依據(jù)重點句可推測出，Andersen對當(dāng)古人們?yōu)榻鉀Q塑料問題所做的努力并不滿意，她以為人們能夠做得更多。依據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，并不是全部的亞洲國家都有嚴(yán)重的塑料污染，所以A項與原文不符；依據(jù)最后一段第三句可知，此刻全球都在努力解決這一問題，所以B項與原文不符；依據(jù)重點句中的“cutback”可知，D項與原文不符。故選C。4．B考察標(biāo)題歸納。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了塑料污染對大海的嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞。B項歸納了文章要旨，最合適做標(biāo)題。應(yīng)選B。二、語法填空。Haveyoueverheardthatwehumansuseonlytenpercentofourbrains?Thismythholds__1__certainappealbecauseifit__2__(be)true,thenwecouldinstantlybecometentimes__3__(intelligent)justbyfiringupthatsleepymajorityofthebrain!Theideathatweuseonlyasmallfractionofthebraindatesbacktoanimalexperimentsinthe19thcentury.Whenscientists__4__(stimulate)aspecificpartofthebrain,theanimalmoved__5__(it)legortail.Andsomescientistsassumedthatlargepartsofthebrainweresimplyuseless.Then,intheearly20thcentury,scientistsobservedthatstimulatingcertainregionsofthebrainhadnophysicaleffects,which__6__(call)the“silentcortex”.Todayweknowthatmuchofthe“silentcortex”isactuallydevotedto3complexactivitieslikelanguage,learningandimagining.Actually,__7__wesleep,manyareasofthebrainareextremelyactive.Wouldyoubesmarterifyourentirebrainconstantlyworkedtomaximumcapacity?__8__(interest)enough,theoppositeisprobablytrue.Thelessbrainactivityyouneedtoperforma__9__(give)task,themorethebrainasawholeiscapable__10__doing.1．4.________8.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。我們?nèi)祟愔皇褂昧舜竽X的百分之十？能否激活熟睡的大部分大腦我們就能夠比此刻聰慧十倍？很遺憾，科學(xué)證明事實其實不是這樣的！1．a(chǎn)考察冠詞。holdacertainappeal“有一些吸引力”。2．were考察虛構(gòu)語氣。依據(jù)空格后的“thenwecouldinstantlybecome...”可知，此處是與此刻事實相反的假定，要用虛構(gòu)語氣，故此處用were。3．moreintelligent考察形容詞的比較級。由設(shè)空前的“tentimes”可知，此處表示比較，指(比從前)聰慧十倍，應(yīng)填形容詞的比較級，而intelligent是多音節(jié)形容詞，故填moreintelligent。4．stimulated考察動詞的時態(tài)。本句描繪19世紀(jì)科學(xué)家所做的實驗，所以用一般過去時。5．its考察代詞。這里its指代theanimal's。6．a(chǎn)recalled考察動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。which指引非限制性定語從句，which在從句中指代regions，此處描繪一種研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，且call與regions是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故填arecalled。7．a(chǎn)s/when考察連詞。這句話的意思是“事實上，當(dāng)我們睡覺的時候，大腦的好多區(qū)域都是極度活躍的”。8．Interestingly考察詞性變換。剖析句子構(gòu)造可知，空格處修飾后邊的整個句子，所以此處要用副詞Interestingly。9．given考察非謂語動詞。此處given作定語修飾task，因為give與task之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。10．of考察介詞。becapableofdoingsth.“有能力做某事”。三、完形填空。IwasdrivingtothegrocerystoreonawarmmorninginMay.IsmiledasIwatchedthegoldensunshine__1__offtheleaves.Itwassucha__2__andheavenlytime.Mycalmwasbroken，__3__，asIroundedacurve(拐彎處)．AhugeU-Haultruck4wascomingmywayseveralfeetoverthecenterline.IswervedasfarontothesideoftheroadasIcouldto__4__it.ItwasfollowedbynotonebuttwootherU-Haultrucksjustas__5__.Iwonderedifallthestuffinsideofthem__6__thesameI__8__aself-storagebusinessalongthesideofthehighway，buildingnewunitsforallthepeoplewhocouldn'tfittheir__9__intotheirhouses.Isawa(n)__10__couplecarryingboxesintooneoftheunits.Itseemed__11__thatacouplejustoutoftheirteenscouldalreadyhavetoomuchstuff.Ilostmyown__12__forowningstuffwhenahousefireinthemiddleofthenightdestroyedeverythingmyfamilyowned.TheonlythingIhadleftwastheunderwearIwaswearing.Yet，ourwholefamilyhadawakened__13__toescape.Intheweeksthatfollowedfriendsandfamilygaveusalotofstufftogetusbackonourfeet，butnoneofitseemedas__14__anymore.WhatwasimportantwasseeingMom'ssmile，givingNanaahugandakiss，andwatchingDadsnooze(瞌睡)inhischair__15__ahardday'swork.Whatwasimportantwasthestuffof__16__，notthestuffofthisworld.SincethenIhavetriedtolimitthethingsIwould__17__.Ididn'twanttoomuchstuffto__18__mylife.IwantedtoonlybuywhatIneededandtospendmydaysinlearning，growing，and__19__myfamilyandothers.IassumedthatonlybydoingsocouldImakemy__20__.1．A.appreciatingB．reflectingC．a(chǎn)dmiringD．releasing2．A.refreshingB．delightfulC．peacefulD．dynamic3．A.thoughB．tooC．a(chǎn)nywayD．instead4．A.missB．rejectC．ignoreD．desert5．A.usefulB．largeC．newD．good6．A.turnedtoB．referredtoC．reactedtoD．belongedto7．A.beatB．pulseC．a(chǎn)ccelerateD．follow8．A.noticedB．thought5C．didD．established9．A.furnitureB．boxesC．possessionsD．materials10．A.oldB．youngC．middle-agedD．small11．A.curiousB．a(chǎn)pparentC．certainD．obvious12．A.hopeB．talentC．faithD．taste13．A.inreturnB．inturnC．intimeD．invain14．A.affordableB．significantC．beneficialD．practical15．A.beforeB．inC．a(chǎn)fterD．during16．A.mindB．handC．headD．soul17．A.purchaseB．donateC．wasteD．need18．A.putupB．crowdupC．bringupD．setup19．A.helpingB．a(chǎn)busingC．lovingD．a(chǎn)ffecting20．A.nameB．dayC．worldD．way【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記述文。作者經(jīng)過敘述駕車途中的所見所感，并聯(lián)想到自己家中以前的火災(zāi)事件對他自己觀點的影響，由此論述了自己的感覺：世上最重要的東西不是物質(zhì)據(jù)有量，而在于精神世界的豐富，只有這樣人材能感覺快樂。1．B依據(jù)“thegoldensunshine__1__offtheleaves”可知，此處意為“樹葉反射出金色的陽光”。reflect“反射”切合語境。appreciate“感謝，賞識”；admire“敬佩，賞識”；release“開釋，刊行”。2．C依據(jù)空前一句中的“smiled”和空后的“heavenly”及下文中的“calm”可知，作者當(dāng)時的心情是沉靜快樂的，故peaceful切合語境。refreshing“令人精力充足的”；delightful“討人喜愛的，令人快樂的”；peaceful“沉靜的，安靜的”；dynamic“動力6的，有活力的”。3．A依據(jù)空前的“Mycalmwasbroken”可知，空地方在句與上文組成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故though“但是，可是”切合語境。too“太，也”；anyway“不論如何，不論如何”；instead“相反”。4．A依據(jù)空前一句中的“truckwascomingmywayseveralfeetoverthecenterline”可知，作者盡量把車子往路邊開來躲開卡車。miss“避開，躲開(不好或厭煩的事)”；reject“排擠，扔掉”；ignore“忽略，不搭理”；desert“遺棄，拋棄”。5．B依據(jù)上文可知，一輛卡車超出了中心線幾英尺向作者的方向駛來，聯(lián)合語境可知，這輛大卡車后還隨著此外兩輛相同大的(large)卡車，應(yīng)選B。6．D依據(jù)語境可知，作者不知道三輛卡車上的東西能否屬于(belongedto)同一個人。belongto“屬于”；turnto“轉(zhuǎn)向，求援于”；referto“參照，提到”；reactto“對作出反響”。7．D依據(jù)語境可知，作者放慢車速來沉靜心情調(diào)整心率。故follow“跟從，追趕”切合語境。beat“戰(zhàn)勝，拍打”；pulse“跳動，搏動”；accelerate“加快，增添”。8．A該句中的Itwasthenthat是重申句型，意思是“就在那時”。作者在沉靜心情時注意到路旁的一個自助儲存企業(yè)。notice“注意到”；establish“成立，創(chuàng)立”。9．C依據(jù)語境可知，這些設(shè)施是為那些沒法把全部物(possessions)儲存到自己的房子里的人而建的。possession“全部物，財富”切合語境。furniture“家具，設(shè)施”；material“資料”。10．B依據(jù)空后一句中的“acouplejustoutoftheirteens”可知，此處young“年輕的”切合語境。middle-aged“中年的”。11．A依據(jù)該句中的“couldalreadyhavetoomuchstuff(可能已經(jīng)擁有太多的東西)”可知，作者對此感覺奇異，故curious“稀罕異異的”切合語境。apparent“明顯的，表面上的”；certain“必定的，有掌握的”；obvious“明顯的，明顯的”。12．D依據(jù)語境可知，夜半時分一場大火燒毀了作者家中的全部，所以作者不再有擁有(好多)東西的興趣(taste)。taste“喜好，興趣”切合語境。hope“希望”；talent“才能，天資”；faith“崇奉，信念”。13．C依據(jù)空前的“hadawakened”和空后的“escape”可知，作者全家實時(intime)醒來逃了出去。inreturn“作為回報”；inturn“反過來，輪番”；invain“白費”。14．B依據(jù)空后的“Whatwasimportantwas”和空前的“noneofit”可知，空處所填詞與important意思相同，故significant“重要的，存心義的”切合語境。affordable“買得起的”；beneficial“有利的”；practical“適用的”。15．C依據(jù)生活知識可知，父親瞌睡應(yīng)當(dāng)是在一天的艱辛工作以后(after)。16．D依據(jù)空前的“Whatwasimportantwasthestuffof”及空后的“notthestuff7ofthisworld”可知，空地方填詞與“thisworld”形成對照，再聯(lián)合上文內(nèi)容可知，作者以為精神世界的豐富更加重要。soul“(人類整體的)精神情況”切合語境。mind“腦筋，智力”。17．A依據(jù)上文中的“notthestuffofthisworld”可知，作者此后努力限制自己購置(purchase)東西的數(shù)目。下文中的“buy”亦是提示，應(yīng)選A。donate“捐獻”；waste“浪費”；need“需要”。18．B依據(jù)語境可知，此處表示作者不想讓太多的物件充滿自己的生活。故crowdup切合語境。putup“張貼，搭建”；bringup“撫育，養(yǎng)育，提出”；setup“成立”。19．C依據(jù)空后的“myfamilyandothers”能夠推測此處意為“愛我的家人和他人”，應(yīng)選C。abuse“濫用”；affect“影響”。20．B依據(jù)語境可知，此處表示只有這樣造作者才能高興。makesb.'sday為固定用法，意為“使某人特別快樂”。四、短文改錯。DearSteven，IwouldliketoinviteyoutotheannuallyComing-of-ageCeremonyofourschool.Thisbigeventwouldbeheldintheschoolauditoriumfrom9amto11aminMarch12.AlltheSeniorThreestudentsareexpecttoattenditwiththecompanyoftheirparentsandteachers.TheComing-of-ageCeremonyisreallyagoodchanceforwestudentstoexpressourgratitudetoourbelovedparentsaswellourpatientteachers.Meanwhile,itwillturnanewpa