國外道德困境案例

國外道德困境案例演示文稿當(dāng)前1頁，總共20頁。國外道德困境案例當(dāng)前2頁，總共20頁。倫理困境也被稱為道德悖論，是指陷于幾個道德命令之間的明顯沖突，如果遵守其中一項(xiàng)，就將違犯另一項(xiàng)的情形。當(dāng)前3頁，總共20頁。Trolleyproblem

電車難題當(dāng)前4頁，總共20頁。

這是一個倫理學(xué)的思想實(shí)驗(yàn)。其大致內(nèi)容是：假設(shè)一輛有軌電車失去控制，即將撞上前面的5個人，這時可以通過搬動道岔來避免該事故，但另外一條岔道上卻有1個人，那么，是否可以通過犧牲這一個人的生命而拯救另外五個人？

此難題可以變化，如一條岔道有一人，另外一條可以改成更多人或更少人，另外五人可以改成罪犯。當(dāng)前5頁，總共20頁。TheOvercrowdedLifeboat當(dāng)前6頁，總共20頁。 In1842,ashipstruckanicebergandmorethan30survivorswerecrowdedintoalifeboatintendedtohold7.Asastormthreatened,itbecameobviousthatthelifeboatwouldhavetobelightenedifanyoneweretosurvive.Thecaptainreasonedthattherightthingtodointhissituationwastoforcesomeindividualstogooverthesideanddrown.Suchanaction,hereasoned,wasnotunjusttothosethrownoverboard,fortheywouldhavedrownedanyway.Ifhedidnothing,however,hewouldberesponsibleforthedeathsofthosewhomhecouldhavesaved.Somepeopleopposedthecaptain'sdecision.Theyclaimedthatifnothingweredoneandeveryonediedasaresult,no當(dāng)前7頁，總共20頁。onewouldberesponsibleforthesedeaths.Ontheotherhand,ifthecaptainattemptedtosavesome,hecoulddosoonlybykillingothersandtheirdeathswouldbehisresponsibility;thiswouldbeworsethandoingnothingandlettingalldie.Thecaptainrejectedthisreasoning.Sincetheonlypossibilityforrescuerequiredgreateffortsofrowing,thecaptaindecidedthattheweakestwouldhavetobesacrificed.Inthissituationitwouldbeabsurd,hethought,todecidebydrawinglotswhoshouldbethrownoverboard.Asitturnedout,afterdaysofhardrowing,thesurvivorswererescuedandthecaptainwastriedforhisaction.Ifyouhadbeenonthejury,howwouldyouhavedecided?當(dāng)前8頁，總共20頁。AFather'sAgonizingChoice當(dāng)前9頁，總共20頁。Youareaninmateinaconcentrationcamp.Asadisticguardisabouttohangyoursonwhotriedtoescapeandwantsyoutopullthechairfromunderneathhim.Hesaysthatifyoudon'thewillnotonlykillyoursonbutsomeotherinnocentinmateaswell.Youdon'thaveanydoubtthathemeanswhathesays.Whatshouldyoudo?當(dāng)前10頁，總共20頁。Sophie'sChoice,notinGrassian當(dāng)前11頁，總共20頁。InthenovelSophie'sChoice,byWilliamStyron,aPolishwoman,SophieZawistowska,isarrestedbytheNazisandsenttotheAuschwitzdeathcamp.Onarrival,sheis"honored"fornotbeingaJewbybeingallowedachoice:Oneofherchildrenwillbesparedthegaschamberifshechooseswhichone.Inanagonyofindecision,asbothchildrenarebeingtakenaway,shesuddenlydoeschoose.Theycantakeherdaughter,whoisyoungerandsmaller.Sophiehopesthatherolderandstrongersonwillbebetterabletosurvive,butshelosestrackofhimandneverdoeslearnofhisfate.Didshedotherightthing?Yearslater,hauntedbytheguiltofhavingchosenbetweenherchildren,Sophiecommitssuicide.Shouldshehavefeltguilty?當(dāng)前12頁，總共20頁。TheFatManandtheImpendingDoom當(dāng)前13頁，總共20頁。Afatmanleadingagroupofpeopleoutofacaveonacoastisstuckinthemouthofthatcave.Inashorttimehightidewillbeuponthem,andunlessheisunstuck,theywillallbedrownedexceptthefatman,whoseheadisoutofthecave.[But,fortunately,orunfortunately,someonehaswithhimastickofdynamite.]Thereseemsnowaytogetthefatmanloosewithoutusing[that]dynamitewhichwillinevitablykillhim;butiftheydonotuseiteveryonewilldrown.Whatshouldtheydo?當(dāng)前14頁，總共20頁。Sincethefatmanissaidtobe"leading"thegroup,heisresponsiblefortheirpredicamentandreasonablyshouldvolunteertobeblownup.Thedilemmabecomesmoreacuteifwesubstituteapregnantwomanforthefatman.Shewouldhavebeenurgedbytheotherstogofirstoutofthecave.當(dāng)前15頁，總共20頁。APoisonousCupofCoffee當(dāng)前16頁，總共20頁。

Tom[/Jane],hatinghis[/her]wife[/husband]andwantingher[/him]dead,putspoisoninher[/his]coffee,therebykillingher[/him].Joe[/Debbie]alsohateshis[/her]wife[/husband]andwouldlikeher[/him]dead.Oneday,Joe's[/Debbie's]wife[/husband]accidentallyputspoisoninher[/his]coffee,thinkingit'scream.Joe[/Debbie]hastheantidote,buthe[/she]doesnotgiveittoher[/him].Knowingthathe[/she]istheonlyonewhocansaveher[/him],he[/she]letsher[/him]die.IsJoe's[/Debbie's]failuretoactasbadasTom's[/Jane's]action?當(dāng)前17頁，總共20頁。TheValueofaPromise當(dāng)前18頁，總共20頁。Afriendconfidestoyouthathehascommittedaparticularcrimeandyoupromisenevertotell.Discoveringthataninnocentper