仁愛英語八年級(下冊)-語法復(fù)習(xí)試題練習(xí)

仁愛英語八年級下冊

語法復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)一，系動詞及用法。

大多數(shù)聯(lián)系動詞后面接形容詞，seem后還可接不定式,

be后可接副詞、名詞、介詞短語等。聯(lián)系動詞和后面的表語一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語。初中階段常見的聯(lián)系動詞有be

,

look(看起來)，seem（似乎，好像），feel(感覺，感到)，sound(聽起來)，smell（聞起來），taste（嘗起來），get(變)，become(變得，成為)，turn(變)，go（變），grow(變)，等。

表示變化的系動詞的區(qū)別：

天氣變化用get;

顏色的變化用turn;

由好變壞用go;

逐漸變化用grow;

好變壞、壞變好用become

或get;成為用become.

翻譯下列句型：

1.

這朵花聞起來很香(sweet________________________

2.

這種食物嘗起來是可口的（delicious）___________________

3.

她似乎很擔(dān)心。____________________________

4.

她感到煩惱。______________________________

5.

這首歌聽起來很優(yōu)美。_________________________

6.

樹木變得越來越綠。____________________________

7.

我感到失望。______________________________

8.

天氣變得越來越暖和。_________________________

二，狀語從句

1.

He

took

off

his

coat

_______

he

felt

hot.

A.

because

B.

as

C.

if

D.

since

2.

It

is

______

that

we’d

like

to

go

out

for

a

walk.

A.

a

lovely

day

B.

too

lovely

a

day

C.

so

lovely

a

day

D.

such

lovely

a

day

3.

Mary

had

______

much

work

to

do

that

she

wasbusy

all

day.

A.

such

B.

so

C.

too

D.

very

4.

_______

I

felt

very

tired,

I

tried

to

finish

the

work.

A.

Although

B.

Because

C.

As

D.

As

if

15.

______

the

day

went

on,

the

weather

got

worse.

A.

With

B.

Since

C.

While

D.

As

6.

______

well

you

can

drive,

you

must

drive

carefully.

A.

So

long

as

B.

In

order

that

C.

No

matter

how

D.

The

moment

7.

Write

to

me

as

soon

as

you

________

to

Beijing.

A.

will

get

B.

get

C.

getting

D.

got

1.

布魯斯太太對學(xué)生非常親切，以至于學(xué)生都很喜歡她。

Mrs

Bruce

was

_______

kind

to

her

students

______

they

all______

her

very

much

.

2.

只要我們竭盡全力，父母就會滿意我們的表現(xiàn)。

Our

parents

will

be

pleased

with

our

performance

_____

_____

______

we

try

our

best.

3.

你一到上海就給我打個電話好嗎

Will

you

please

call

me

______

______

______

you

get

to

Shanghai.

4.

雖然她很忙，她還堅(jiān)持自學(xué)英語。

_______

_______

______

_______,

she

kept

on

learning

English

by

herself.

5.

他長大后想當(dāng)一名老師。

He

wants

to

be

a

teacher

______

_______

_______

_______.

6

如果人人為保護(hù)環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn)，世界將會變得更美好。

______

______

______

_____

_______

to

protecting

the

environment,

the

world

will

become

much

more

beautiful.

7.

李明昨天沒來上學(xué)，因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>

Li

Ming

didn’t

come

to

school

_______

_______

______

______

三、賓語從句

1.

賓語從句的連接詞

賓語從句是一種主從復(fù)合句，在句中作及物動詞或介詞的賓語。根據(jù)賓語從句原先（做賓語之前）的句式，我們把賓語從句分為三類。

1）.

賓語從句原先是陳述句的，由that連接。that只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，可省略。He

said.

He

wanted

to

stay

at

home.

He

said

(that)

he

wanted

to

stay

at

home.

She

doesn’t

know.

She

is

seriously

ill.

She

doesn’t

know___________________I

am

sure

.

He

will

succeed.

I

am

sure

_______________________________________.

2）.

賓語從句原先是特殊疑問句的，由其本身疑問詞連接。連接代詞who,

whom,

whose,

what,

which和連接副詞when,

where,

why,

how。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。例如：

Do

you

know

Who

(whom)

are

they

waiting

for

Do

you

know

who

(whom)

they

are

waiting

for

Can

you

tell

me

Where

is

the

bus

stop

________________________________

I

don’t

know.

Why

is

the

train

late______________________________________

3）.賓語從句原先是一般疑問句的，

由if或whether。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。I

want

to

know.

Does

he

live

there

I

want

to

know

if

he

lives

there

He

asked

me.

Was

there

a

book

store

on

Center

Street

________________________

2.

賓語從句的語序

賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句（主謂式）的語序。例如：

I

hear

(that)

physics

isn’t

easy.

I

think

(that)

you

will

like

this

school

soon.

Can

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

zoo

Please

tell

me

when

we’ll

have

the

meeting.3.

賓語從句的時態(tài)

1）

如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句該用什么時態(tài)就用什么時態(tài)。

如：

I

don’t

think

(that)

you

are

right.

Please

tell

us

where

he

is.

Can

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

the

railway

station

2）

如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)過去時態(tài)（一般過去時，

過去進(jìn)行時，

過去將來時，過去完成時）。例如：

He

asked

what

time

it

was.

He

told

me

that

he

was

preparing

for

the

sports

meet.

He

asked

if

you

had

written

to

Peter.

He

said

that

he

would

go

back

to

the

.

soon.

3）

如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例

Our

teacher

said

that

January

is

the

first

month

of

the

year.

Scientists

have

proved

that

the

earth

turns

around

the

sun.賓語從句的口訣：

學(xué)習(xí)賓從要注意，時態(tài)語序和連詞。

時態(tài)主從要呼應(yīng)：

主句若為現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)隨句意。

主句若為過去時，從句時態(tài)變過去。

賓從所示表真理，時態(tài)不變不懷疑。

語序要用陳述序，切莫照搬疑問句。

That連接陳述句，省與不省要注意。

從句若表“是否”時，if/whether

要牢記。

特殊問句做賓語，仍用原來疑問詞。

三個問題要記牢，切莫丟東又往西。

(

)1．They

want

to

know

______

do

to

help

us.

A.

what

they

can

B.

how

they

can

C.

how

can

they

D.

what

can

they

(

)2．His

teacher

______

he

______

bright

and

______

he

was

worth

teaching.

A.

didn’t

think;

was;

that

B.

thought

was;

whether

C.

didn’t

think;

was;

×

D

.thought;

wasn′t;

×

(

)3．______

we’ll

go

camping

tomorrow

depends

on

the

weather.

學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時態(tài)。

1.引導(dǎo)詞

1．從句為陳述句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。

2．從句為一般疑問句，常選擇if或whether。在

whether

…

or

not

結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用

if

替換。3．從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,

when,

where,

which,

who,

how等的疑問代、副詞作引導(dǎo)詞。注意：當(dāng)who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他

2.判斷時態(tài)情況

1．主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句為各種時態(tài)情況。

2．主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時態(tài)注意；描繪客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時。

(

)1.

The

teacher

told

the

children

that

the

sun____

round.

A.

was

B.

is

C.

were

D.

are

(

)

2.

I

believe

that

our

team____

the

basketball

match.

A.

win

B.

won

C.

will

win

D.

wins(

)

3.

I

don’t

know____

to

visit

the

old

man.

A.

whether

B.

if

C.

that

D.

who

3.賓語從句的用法

1．that引導(dǎo)賓語從句無意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分常省略。但下列情況除外：

(1)．介詞賓語從句的that不省略

(2)．a(chǎn)nd連接的幾個從句，第二個從句以后的從句的that不省略。

He

told

me

(that)

he

had

two

sons

and

that

they

both

had

gone

to

college.

(3)．在動詞+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不省略。

I

heard

it

said

that

he

had

gone

abroad

We

found

it

impossible

that

he

could

finish

it

in

such

a

short

time

,if

引導(dǎo)賓語從句：兩詞可互換，但是下列情形除外：

(1)whether從句中有or

not

(2)介詞后用whether.

Eerything

depends

on

whether

you

agree

with

us

3．賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序

錯:

He

is

wondering

when

can

he

finish

this

difficult

job.

正:

He

is

wondering

_______

finish

this

difficult

job.

4

帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。

即否定前移。

錯:

I

think

he

doesn’t

like

the

English

teacher.

.

正:

I

________

think

he

_____

the

Englishteacher.5.

主句一般過去時態(tài)，從句也要用過去時態(tài)；即主過從過。

錯:

He

wanted

to

know

why

he

is

crying

in

the

corner.

正:

He

wanted

to

know

__________

_________

_________

crying

in

the

corner.

賓語從句從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個正確選項(xiàng)填空。

1.

I

don't

know

_________

he

will

come

tomorrow.

_________

he

comes,

I'll

tell

you．

A.

if;

Whether

B.

whether;

Whether

C.

if;

That

D.

if;

If

2.

I

don't

know

_________

the

day

after

tomorrow.

A.

when

does

he

come

B.

how

will

he

come

C.

if

he

comes

D.

whether

he'll

come

3.

Could

you

tell

me

_________

the

nearest

hospital

is

A.

what

B.

how

C.

whether

D.

where

4.

Could

you

tell

me

_________

the

radio

without

any

help

A.

how

did

he

mend

B.

what

did

he

mend

C.

how

he

mended

D.

what

he

mended

5.

I

want

to

know

_________.

A.

whom

is

she

looking

after

B.

whom

she

is

looking

C.

whom

is

she

looking

D.

whom

she

is

looking

after

6.

Do

you

know

where

_________

now

A.

he

lives

B.

does

he

live

C.

he

lived

D.

did

he

live

7.

Do

you

know

what

time

_________

A.

the

train

leave

B.

does

the

train

leave

C.

will

the

train

leave

D.

the

train

leaves

8.

I

don't

know

_________.

Can

you

tell

me,

please

A.

how

the

two

players

are

old

B.

how

old

are

the

two

players

C.

the

two

players

are

how

old

D.

how

old

the

two

players

are

9.

The

small

children

don't

know

_________.

A.

what

is

their

stockings

in

B.

what

is

in

their

stockings

C.

where

is

their

stockings

in

D.

what

in

their

stockings

10.

I

can't

understand

_________.

A.

what

does

Christmas

mean

B.

what

Christmas

does

mean

C.

what

mean

Christmas

does

D.

what

Christmas

means

II.

按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。

1.

Does

Mr.

Brown

enjoy

living

in

China

Could

you

tell

us（改寫句子）Could

you

tell

us

_________

Mr.

Brown

_________

living

in

China

2.

"Does

the

girl

need

any

help”

he

asked

me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句）He

asked

me

_________

the

girl

_________

some

help．

3.

Jim

is

not

a

student.

Tom

is

not

a

student,

either.（合并為一個句子）

_________

Jim

_________Tom

is

a

student.

4.

When

does

the

train

leave

I

want

to

know.（改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句）

I

want

to

know

_________

the

train

_________.

5.

They

went

home

after

they

had

finished

their

homework.

(用not．．．until改寫)

They

_________

go

home

_________

they

had

finished

their

homework．

6.

Did

Peter

come

here

yesterday

Li

Lei

wants

to

know.

(改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句)

Li

Lei

wants

to

know

_________

Peter

_________

here

yesterday.

賓語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練參考答案：

I.

1—5DDDCD

6—10ADDBD

II.

1.

if／whether;

enjoys

2.

if／whether;

needed

3.

Neither;

nor

4.

when;

leaves

5.

didn't;

until

6.

whether;

came四，形容詞和副詞比較等級：

China

families

are

becoming

____

with

____

children.

A,

small,

few

B,

smaller,

fewer

C,

smallest,

fewest

D,

smaller,

less

does

she

look

so

____

Did

she

hail

in

the

exam

again

A,

interested

B,

exciting

C,

unhappy

D,

surprised

boss

tried

to

finish

the

work

with

____

money

and

____

people.

A,

less,

fewer

B,

fewer,

few

C,

few,

less,

D,

little,

less

went

to

school

today

because

he

felt

____.

A,

enough

well

B,

good

enough

C,

enough

good

D,

well

enough

’m

sorry

I’m

late.

There

is

____

with

my

bike.

A,

anything

wrong

B,

something

wrong

C,

wrong

anything

D,

wrong

something’s

the

matter

with

Tom

He

looks

____.

A,

unhappy

B,

hungrily

C,

sadly

D,

happily

Mr.

Brown

drives

much

____

than

he

did

two

years

ago.

A,

careful

B,

carefully

C,

more

careful

D,

more

carefully

there

____

in

today’s

newspaper

A,

something

new

B,

new

something

C,

any

new

things

D,

anything

new

is

____,

cotton,

wood

or

iron

A,

heavier

B,

heaviest

C,

the

heaviest

D,

the

most

heaviest

my

opinion,

Tim

doesn’t

write

English

____

his

sister.

A,

as

clear

as

B,

so

clear

as

C,

more

clearly

as

D,

as

clearly

as

:

Is

there

____

in

today’s

newspaper

B:

Yes.

A,

anything

important

B,

any

important

thing

C,

important

anything

D,

any

things

important

spoke

____

for

everyone

in

the

class

to

hear.

A,

enough

loud

B,

loud

enough

C,

louder

enough

D,

enough

louder

idea

sounds

much

____

than

his.

A,

interesting

B,

interested

C,

more

interesting

D,

more

interested

34.

Ships

come

and

go

on

the

river

____

boats.

A,

as

noisy

as

B,

noisier

than

C,

as

noisily

as

D,

much

noisily

than

train

travels

at

top

speed.

The

underlined

part

means

____.

A,

the

best

B,

the

tallest

C,

the

fastest

D,

the

farthest

詞性變換：

’m

afraid

that

I

can’t

afford

(負(fù)擔(dān))

such

an

______________

cell

phone.

(expense)

can

help

blind

people

walk

across

the

street

______________.

(safe)

read

the

test

paper

______________

before

you

do

it.

(careful)

are

______________

than

200

passengers

on

his

plane.

(much)

is

a

______________

present

for

your

birthday.

(love)

is

not

as

______________

to

us

as

his

sister.

(friend)

______________

helped

me

a

lot.

Thank

you

very

much

indeed.

(real)

little

girl

was

so

______________

when

she

saw

the

traffic

accident.

(frighten)

形容詞、副詞參考答案

21-30

BCADB

ADDCD

31-35

ABCCC

詞性變換：

五，動詞不定式

基本形式：to+動詞原形（肯定形式）

Not

to+動詞原形（否定形式）特征：沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

常用句型：

It’s

+

adj

(+

for

sb）

+

to

do

sth.

Too+

adj

+

to

do

sth.

動詞不定式可以跟疑問詞連用。

例如.

I

don’t

know

what

to

do\

how

to

do

it.

1.

What

do

you

want______________(be)

when

you

grow

up

2.

The

police

officer

told

the

boys___________________(not

play)

soccer

on

the

road.

3.

Tony

asked

his

grandpa____________________(give)

him

a

toy

car

for

his

birthday.

4.

He

decided_______________________(make)

decisions

by

himself

from

now

on.

5.

The

workers

plan____________________(build)

the

bridge

in

two

years.

6.

I

am

really

sorry______________________(hear)

that.7.

Would

you

like

something__________________(drink)

8.

His

brother

taught

him____________(play)

basketball.

9.

Li

Yang

advised

me

_________（not

drink）

too

much.

10.

You

need

______(see)a

doctor

when

you

have

headaches

often.

六，常用的表達(dá)方式

1，關(guān)于花費(fèi)：

sb.+錢

Sb.

spend+時\錢

in、on

sth.\doing

sth.

It

take

sb\時

to

do

sth.

錢

for

sth.

I'm

interested

in

animals,so

I___every

saturday

working

in

an

animal

hospital

.

A.

Pay

B.

cost

C.

take

D.

spend

2.

They

spend

too

much

time_______

the

report.

A.

writing

B.

to

write

C.

on

writing

D.

write

3.

--What

beautiful

shoes

you’re

wearing!

They

must

be

expensive．

--No，they

only____l0

yuan.

A．spent

B．took

C．paid

D．cost

4.

--Will

you

please

for

my

dinner

Peter

--Sure!

A.

spend

B.

pay

C.

cost

5.

It

will

_____me

too

much

time

to

read

this

book.

A.

take

B.

cost

C.

spend

6.

This

science

book

__

me

a

great

amount

of

money.

A.

took

C

used

you

often

get

online

-Yes,

I

____

lots

of

time

on

it.

It’s

a

good

way

to

kill

time.

A.

cost

B.

spend

D.

pay2，特殊疑問詞+不定式。（what

to

do\how

to

do

it）

3，表示方位的介詞區(qū)別

In

the

+

方位名詞

+

of…

指某一范圍內(nèi)的地區(qū)。（中國，北京）

to

the

+

方位名詞

+

of…

指互不接壤互不管轄的地區(qū)。（中國，日本）

on

the

+

方位名詞

+of…

相互接壤但互不管轄的地區(qū)。（中國，尼泊爾）

(

)

1

The

United

States

is

____

the

south

of

Canada

and

___

the

east

of

Japan.

A.

to;

in

B.

on;

to

C.

in;

beside

D.

at;

on

(

)

2

The

man

stood____the

window,

watching

the

boys

playing

outside.

A.

in

B.

by

C.

to

(

)

3

Japan

lies____

the

east

of

China.

A.

on

B/

to

C.

in

D.

with

4，目的狀語從句。(同結(jié)果狀語從句)

So…that…

引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。

So

+

adj.

/

adv.

+that…、so

+

adj.

+

an/a

+名詞單數(shù)+

that…

如此……以至于……

用于引導(dǎo)主句導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。

Such

+n.

+

that.從句。

同樣表示

如此……以至于。

不同：so

后面接形容詞或副詞，such

后面接名詞。

So

that.

引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，表示

因此、所以。1．她是如此的疲憊，以致于很快就睡著了。

She

was

_____________

she

______________

quickly.

2.

這是一本非常有趣的小說，以致于我讀了三遍。

It

was

___________________

novel

that

read

it

three

times.

3.

他跑得非?？?，沒人能追上他。

He

runs

_________

nobody

can

catch

up

with

him.

4.

瑪麗有如此多的工作要做，以致于她整天呆在辦公室。

Mary

had

______________

to

do

that

she

stayed

at

her

office

all

day.

5.Pop

music

is

such

an

important

part

of

society

______

it

has

even

influenced

our

language.

A.

as

B.

that

C.

which

D.

where

plan

was

such

a

good

one

_________we

all

agreed

to

accept

it.

A.

as

B.

that

C.

so

D.

and7.

The

book

was

written

in

_____

easy

English

_____

even

students

could

understand

it.

A.

so;

that

B.

such;

that

C.

too;

to

D.

very;

that

8.

Zhou

Libo

is

good

at

making

people

laugh.

His

lively

shows

were

_____

hot

that

tickets

sold

out

in

minutes.A.

very

B.

too

C.

such

D.

so1形容詞、副詞的比較等級1.原級：表示A與B在某方面相同。as…as…,notas/so…as..注意：notas/so…as=less…than不及；不如.less+原形，否定的比較級.eg.Thisbookisn’tasinterestingasthatone=Thisbookis_________________________________thatone.=Thatbookis_________________________________thisone.2.比較級：兩者進(jìn)行比較（常與than連用）Whichis_________useful,thisoneorthatone哪本書更有趣，這本還是那本3.最高級：三者（或三者以上）進(jìn)行比較（常與表范圍的in,of短語連用）1)Shanghaiisthe___________(big)cityinChina.2)Heruns_________(fast)inourclass.3)Heisthe__________(tall)ofthethreeboys.4.形、副比較等級的其他用法1)“比較級and比較級”表示“越來越……”lazierandlazier越來越懶.注意：多音節(jié)詞用此結(jié)構(gòu)時應(yīng)為moreandmore+(形、副).moreandmorebeautiful越來越漂亮2)“the比較級，the比較級”“越……，越……”_________________youare,______________youwillget.你越懶，收獲越少。注意:the后是用形容詞還是副詞。你越細(xì)心。Themore____________youare.=Themore______________youdo.3)“the比較級of+二者”“二者中較……的一個”Lucyisthe___________(young)ofthetwins.4)表示二者相差多少用“具體數(shù)量+比較級”他比我高一個頭。He’sa______________________thanme.Mybrotheris_________________________thanme.(大兩歲)5)表示“是……幾倍”時用“twice;threetimes等+as…as”Thisbook___________________as__________asthatone.這本書的價錢是那本書的兩倍。Hehas___________________as_________booksasIhave他擁有的書是我擁有的四倍。6)區(qū)別older/elder與farther/furtherolder（年齡較老的）elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）eg.My______brotheris______thanme.farther(指距離“較遠(yuǎn)的”)further(指抽象事物的“更進(jìn)一步的”)1)Hewentabroadfor________studies.2)Beijingis_________fromourhometownthanChongqing.形、副比較等級還應(yīng)注意1.比較級前用alittle……一點(diǎn)兒;much/alot;even/still，表示“；……得多；更….1)alittlebigger大一點(diǎn)兒2)muchmore多得多3)evenheavier更重但注意：不能在比較級前加so;too;very;quite等。這些詞用在原形前。2.比較級必須是同類事物相比（即as;than后的詞應(yīng)與主語是The同類事物），注意常用漏的代詞有：that;those;one;ones。Myhairislongerthan_________(she)Thesilkorwoolenscarvesfeelsofterthan________madeofcotton.3.個體與整體相比，不能包括個體，常用“anyother+單數(shù)名詞”來進(jìn)行比較。1）Betty(是個體)isclevererthananystudentinherclass(是整體).(×)正：Bettyisclevererthan_________________studentinherclass.=Bettyisclevererthan(________)_________studentsinherclass.=Bettyisclevererthan_____________________inherclass.=____________________iscleverthanBetty.=Bettyisthe_______________inherclass.2)Chinaisbiggerthan___________________inAfrica.中國比非洲的任何一個國家都大。3)Chinaisbiggerthan_________________________inAsia.中國比亞洲任何一個其他國家大。*4.使用最高級時應(yīng)把主語包括在范圍內(nèi)。Maryisthetallestofallhersisters.(×)(allhersisters已排除了Mary)改：Maryisthetallestofallthesisters.5.表示“第二、第三……”時，可在最高級前加“second,third,…”（但“第一”可以省略用first）YellowRiveristhe______________________riverinChina,2句子分析一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和_______。（二）主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動名詞）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）（三）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）（五）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語）賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：Theymadehimtheirmonitor.（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ)）。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名詞）（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語）（八）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。狀語種類如下：1Howaboutmeetingagainatsix（_______狀語）2Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（_________狀語）3Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.（_________狀語）4MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（_________狀語）5Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方_________狀語）6Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴_______狀語）7Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（_________狀語）8Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（________狀語）9Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（_________狀語）10Iamtallerthanheis.（__________狀語）二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句（一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：DotheylikeskatingHowoldisheIshesixorsevenyearsoldMarycanswim,can'tshe3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don'ttalkinclass4）感嘆句：Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。2）并列句：由并列連詞（and,but,or等）或分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.3）復(fù)合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等。（二）簡單句的五種基本句型1、主語+系動詞+表語：.Heisastudent.2、主語+不及物動詞：.Wework.3、主語+及物動詞+賓語：.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主語+及物動詞+復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）：.Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。（三）并列句的分類1、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等連接。.Theteacher'snameisSmith,andthestudent'snameisJohn.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or,either…or…,otherwise等。.Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,等。.4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有because,so,for,since,for等。.（四）考點(diǎn)探討1、簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。在閱讀中有時需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書面表達(dá)中，沒有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達(dá)清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。有時把祈使句與反意疑問句結(jié)合于一體來考查。一個題目，幾個考點(diǎn)，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢。Let’sgo,________________Don’tdoitlikethat,_________________3、對簡單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and,but,or,while，以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動詞的時態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語從句與狀語從句最為明顯，時間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來時，從句則用一般式表將來，這一點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)?？疾?。如：Wewillgooutingifit____________________(不下雨)tomorrow.3狀語從句時間狀語從句，其連接詞有：after，before，when，as，assoonas，until(till)，while，since，by其中較難掌握的有以下幾點(diǎn)：1until(till)直到，在用until表達(dá)時間狀語的句子中，主句中的動詞是要十分小心去選擇。如動詞是持續(xù)性動詞，它要用肯定句，如：Istudiedhard________12o'clocklastnight.如果動詞是瞬間截止性動詞，則要用否定句，如：He______gotobed_______untilhismothercameback.2在狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時表示將來。它們可能是主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，如：Ifitrains,theywon'tgototheparkonSunday.as強(qiáng)調(diào)隨著時間推移，當(dāng)…時?？荚囍谐Ｒ姷目键c(diǎn)有：要學(xué)生區(qū)別是條件、時間狀語從句還是賓語從句，因在賓語從句中該用什么時態(tài)用什么時態(tài)，如：Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow.ifitrains,hewillnotcome.原因狀語從句中主要是①because，因?yàn)?表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系最強(qiáng)，如：Hedidn'tpasstheexambecausehe