外研英語(yǔ)四 Module 4 學(xué)案

Module4GreatScientists1.Itwillmakenodifferencewhetherourpaywillbe_______5%thisyear. A.risenbyB.raisedbyC.raisedtoD.risento2.Heslippedandhadhislegbroken._______,hewillhavetobeawayfromschoolfortwoorthreemonths. A.InanycaseB.AfterallC.AsaresultD.Inthisway3.Hissuccess_______hishardwork.A.resultsinB.resultsfromC.liesonD.rootsin4.Scientistshavemadeamajor____incancerresearch.A.break-inB.breakthroughC.breakupD.breakdown5.Anexpertwas_____togiveaspeechonhowtolearnEnglishwell.A.broughtinB.broughtonC.broughtoutD.broughtup6.Theoldmanwastakingawalk,____byhisgrandson.A.supportingB.supportedC.beingsupportedD.havingsupported7.—Whataboutthepriceofpetrolnow?—Ithasbeen______20percentsincethebeginningofthisyear.A.increasedtoB.risenbyC.increasedbyD.risento8.Patienceisanimportant____ofahappyandrewardinglife.Afterall,somethingsareworthwaitingfor.A.lessonB.experienceC.purposeD.quality9.Mr.Green,whoisamemberofLaborParty,has_____MrBrownasPresident.A.takenplaceB.takentheplaceC.inplaceofD.replaced10.Howbeautifullyshesang!Ihaveneverheard_______song.A.thebetterB.abetterC.thebestD.abestHeisknown_____hisbeingontime,sowedon’tknowthereason____hisbeinglatethistime.A.for;ofB.as;forC.for;forD.of;of12.Thehero’sstory____differentlyinthenewspapers.A.wasreportedB.wasreportingC.reportsD.reported13.—GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?—No.I____.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?A.wasnotinvitedB.havenotbeeninvitedC.hadn’tbeeninvitedD.didn’tinvite14.ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics____by2022.A.hasbeencompletedB.hascompletedC.willhavebeencompletedD.willhavecompleted15.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople____toearmorefruitandvitamins.A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadeD.arepersuaded第一節(jié)完形填空（每空1分，共20分）Whydon’tbirdsgetlostontheirlongmigratory(遷移的)flights?Scientiststriedtheirbesttofindthe1tothisquestionformanyyears.Thereasonshavebeendiscoveredonlylately.2agoexperimentsshowedthatbirdsdependonthesuntoguidethem3.Butwhataboutbirdsthatflymainlybynight?4withman-madestarshave5thatcertainnight-flyingbirdsareabletofollowthe6intheirlongdistanceflights.Onesuch7,awarbler(鳴禽),hadspentitslifetimeina8andhadneverflownunderanaturalsky.Yetisshowedits9bybirthtousethestarsforguidance.Thebird'scagewasputunderaman-madestar-filledskyatmigration10.Thebirdtriedtofly11thesamedirectionas12takenbyotherbirdsinthebuilding.Any13inthepositionofthemake-believe(虛構(gòu)的)stars14achangeinthedirectionofitsflight.Scientiststhinkthatwarblers,15flyingindaylight,usethesunforguidance.Butstarsareclearlytheirimportant16ofnavigation(導(dǎo)航).Whatdotheydowhenthestarsare17behindtheclouds?Clearly,theyfindtheirwaybysuchland18asmountains,coastlinesandrivercourses.Butwhenit'stoo19toseethese,thewarblerscircle201,unabletofindoutwheretheywere.1.A.replyB.answerC.discoveryD.replies2.A.NotlongB.LongC.CenturiesD.Years3.A.duringthenightB.duringdaylighthoursC.inwinterD.inthedark4.A.ExaminationsB.LabsC.TestsD.Inthedark5.A.beenprovedB.foundC.beenfoundD.proved6.A.starsB.moonC.routeD.sun7.A.starB.scientistC.birdD.flight8.A.forestB.cageC.nestD.cave9.A.strengthB.abilityC.experienceD.practice10.A.timeB.placeC.wayD.season11.A.toB.towardsC.inD.under12.A.thatB.whichC.oneD.it13.A.oneB.changeC.wayD.bird14.A.causedB.gaveC.resultedD.meant15.A.forB.whenC.afterD.theyare16.A.waysB.meansC.objectsD.homes17.A.shownB.coveredC.movedD.hidden18.A.areasB.surfaceC.marksD.signs19.A.farB.highC.darkD.bright20.A.helplesslyB.quicklyC.easilyD.freely第二節(jié)閱讀理解（每題2分，共30分）ADoyousupposeDarwin,oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime,reallydidfoolsexperiments?Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?Sometimes,peoplethinktheyalreadyknowtheanswertoaquestionorthesolution(解決辦法)toaproblem.Sometimes,theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution,butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant.CharlesDarwindidn’tsettlefor(滿足于)justthinkingheknewsomething.And,hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace,theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatight(緊的)littleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets.Whathappens?Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn’tbeworthanything.Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.Itexplainspartofourpresent-dayunderstandingsofphysics,ideasthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.AndtheseunderstandingssetasidesomeofancientGreekphysics.Scientistsometimesstopstolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkisfoolish,canshakethefoundationsofscience.1.ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin____.A.wasagreatEnglishscientistB.alwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficultC.thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportantD.didn’tgetwellwithothersphrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans____.A.throwawayB.storeupC.puttouseD.realize3.Theauthorofthepassagetriesto________.A.convinceusthatCharlesDarwin,GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworldB.drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethingsC.provethattwosheetsofpaper,withthesamesizeandshape,willfallatthesamespeedD.drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Darwinreallydidfoolsexperiments.B.AccordingtosomepeopleDarwindidfoolishexperiments.C.Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportantthoughtheyseemedtobesimple.D.GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.BFrancisBacon,oneofthemostimportantphilosophers(哲人)ofEngland,wasborninLondonandeducatedatCambridgeUniversity.Whenhewasonly15,hewenttoFrancetoworkfortheEnglishambassador(大使).TwoyearslaterhewentbacktoEnglandtostudylaw.Attheageoftwenty-threehewaschosentoparliament(議會(huì)).Hisideasabouthowscientistsshouldstudythingsinnaturehelptobringthemodernwayofthinking,calledthescientificmethod.OneoftheBacon’sbest-knownbookswashisEssays.Eachessaywasashortpieceofwritinginwhichhetriedtogivealessonbydiscussingsidesofasubjectsuchasstudying,conversation,friendsandhealthyliving.Inmanyofhisbooks,Baconexplainedhowscientistsshouldstudythingsastheyreallyexistedinnatureandthentriedtofigureoutwhatcausedaparticularthingtobeasitwas.Later,bydoingexperiments,thescientistcouldseethatanyonecausewouldalwayshavethesameresult.Thismethod,whichiscalledinductivereasoning,isusedbyallthescientiststoday,butitwasnewinBacon’stime.5.Accordingtothepassageweknowthat____.A.FrancisBaconwasthemostimportantphilosopherofEnglandB.FrancisBaconhadgoodeducationC.FrancisBaconworkedforaFrenchambassadorattheageof15D.FrancisBaconstayedinFranceuntilhewas236.Theunderlinedphrase“inductivereasoning”inthelastparagraphmeans____.A.todiscovergenerallawsfromparticularfactsorexamplesB.toreachaconclusionbyreasoningfromgenerallawstoaparticularcaseC.tostudythingsastheyusedtobeD.tostudythingsinaparticularway7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Baconwasalearnedman.B.Bacondidalotofphilosophy.C.TheinductivereasoningwaswidelyusedbothtodayandinBacon’stime.D.Bacongavescientistsmuchusefuladvice.CWhatisgreenfood?Doyouenjoygreenfoodeveryday?Theconceptof“greenfood”wasfirstsuggestedbytheDepartmentoftheMinistryofAgriculturein1990.Greensymbolizeslife,healthandenergy.Nowadays,peopledemandhealthyandfreshfood.Havingenoughfoodtoeatisonlyabasicrequirement,andtheyneedmorethanthis.Theywanttoenjoyunpolluted,safeandnutritiousfoodandeatcomfortably.Sothegovernmentdoesthisthroughasetof“fromthelandtothedinnertable”qualitycontrols.ItrequirestochangeChina’straditionalagriculturalstructuresandensurethefoodofhighquality.Safevegetablesreferstoproductswithoutsubstancesharmfultohumans.Growingsuchvegetablesrequiresnostrongpoisons,thusguaranteeingvegetablesfreshandclean.Therearestrictregulationsinplaceforevenapplyingfertilizer(肥料).Theexaminationofvegetablesshouldreachthestatefoodhygiene(衛(wèi)生)standard.ThefollowingconditionsforgreenfoodareregulatedbytheChinaGreenFoodDevelopmentCenter.Firstly,productsorrawmaterialsmustreachthegreenecologicalenvironmentstandardsetbytheMinistryofAgriculture.Secondly,cropplanting,livestockraising,fishbreedingandfoodprocessingmustfollowgreenfoodoperatingproceduressetbytheMinistry.Productsmustbeuptothegreenfoodhygienestandard.Externalpackingmustbepastedwithnationalstandarduniversallabels,specialgreenfoodpackingdecorationandtagregulations.However,bynow,ourgoalhasn’tbeencompletelyrealized.Whenyoureturnhomewithafullbasket,youarestillworriedaboutwhetherwhatyouhaveboughtisgreenandhealthy.Indeed,forthesakeofourhealth,westillhavealongwaytogo.8.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthatgreenfood__________.A.meansthecoloroffoodisgreenB.mainlyreferstogreenvegetablesC.doesn’tneedtobefertilizedD.isexaminedbyaseriesofstandards9.Whichofthefollowingisn’ttherequiredstandardgreenfoodmustreach?A.Greenfoodmustnotcauseecologicaldestruction.B.Greenfoodshouldagreewithgreenfoodoperatingprocedures.C.Greenfooditselfshouldbelabeledwithspecialpackingdecoration.D.Greenfoodshouldmeetthegreenfoodhygienestandard.10.Accordingtothepassage,weknowtheMinistryofAgricultureisadepartment____.A.whichgovernsagricultureB.whichsellsfoodandvegetablesC.whichplantsgreenfoodD.whichexaminesfoodstandards11.Thebesttitleforthispassageprobablyis___________.A.GreenfoodandhealthB.ThegreenfoodprojectC.ThefutureofgreenfoodD.Theregulationsofgreenfood第一節(jié)根據(jù)首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示完成單詞1.Accordingtotherulesoftheworkyoushouldpreferqualitytoq_____.2.Hisbook,p___________theyearbeforelast,stillsellswellnow.3.Withnewtechnologyusedina__________morecropsareproduced.4.Lastyearmybrotherg______fromBeijingUniversityandfoundajobthere.5.Somescientistsliketoe______withsmallwhitemice._____（本來(lái)的）ownerofthehousewastheDukeofWellington.(生物化學(xué))isverypopularinsciencetoday.isnot_____(身體上地)illbutmentally(思想上地)ill.writerwas_____（教育）ataverygoodschool.10._________(產(chǎn)量)ofcomputershasincreaseddoubleinthelastfewweeks.第二節(jié)翻譯句子（每句2分，共10分）1.中國(guó)比亞洲任何其他國(guó)家都大。(than)_______________________________________________________________________2.她三十年代在英國(guó)受教育。(educate)_______________________________________________________________________3.他希望靠賣(mài)飲料(drinks)為生。(makeone’sliving，bydoing)_______________________________________________________________________4.他執(zhí)政后，為人民做了很多工作。(cometopower)_______________________________________________________________________改錯(cuò)Itwastimeforbreakfast.Mr.andMrs.Beerwere66._______sittingatthetableandwaitingtheirdaughterJennet67._______toreturnbackfromwork.Itwaslate.Theparentswere68._______worryingabouther.Atlastshecamehomeandtold69._______themwhatwashappened.Whileshewasshoppingina70._______crowdedshopafterwork,athiefpickedupherpocket,71._______pushingthecrowd,andranaway.Whatcouldshedo?72._______Shehadtoaskapolicemanindutyforhelpandhegotback73._______hermoney.Hearingthis,Mrs.BeerinsistedthatJennet74._______shouldnotgoshoppingaloneanymore,soJennetsaid75._______laughingly,"AprilFool!"參考答案與解析第一部分語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)（每題1分，共15分）1.Brise不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除A、D項(xiàng)；從句意判斷，應(yīng)該用by，表示提高的幅度。2.C前一句說(shuō)的原因?qū)е铝撕笠痪渌f(shuō)的果。故選C。3.Bresultfrom的意思“是……的結(jié)果；由……造成”，主語(yǔ)為結(jié)果，介詞from的賓語(yǔ)是原因。4.B句意為“科學(xué)家們?cè)诎┌Y研究方面取得了一次重大突破?！?。makeabreakthrough表示“取得突破”，為固定搭配。5.A句意為“專(zhuān)家被請(qǐng)來(lái)，就如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)發(fā)表演講”。6.B句意為“這位老人在他孫子的攙扶下散步?！?.Cincrease...by表示“增長(zhǎng)了……”，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，by表幅度；如果用rise，要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。8.Dlesson教訓(xùn)；experience經(jīng)歷；purpose目的；quality品質(zhì)，特性。根據(jù)句意可知，耐心應(yīng)是一種品質(zhì)。9.Dtakeplace意思是“發(fā)生”，不合句意；B項(xiàng)place缺少of；C項(xiàng)不能作謂語(yǔ)；只有D項(xiàng)符合句意和語(yǔ)法。10.B本題考查比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義的結(jié)構(gòu)，故選B。11.Cbeknowfor因…而出名；beknownas作為…而出名，被稱(chēng)作；thereasonforsth.…的原因（理由）。12.Astory與report有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選A。13.C一句邏輯關(guān)系判斷，此處應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由題干內(nèi)容可知，invite這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在gotmarried及wenttotheirwedding之前，故應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。14.C由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)2022可知，此處應(yīng)該用將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示從將來(lái)某一時(shí)間看已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。15.D依據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系判斷，此處應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除A、B項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)形式不對(duì)故只有D項(xiàng)為正確答案。第二部分能力培養(yǎng)（共50分）第一節(jié)完形填空（每空1分，共20分）1.Banswer一般指經(jīng)過(guò)思考并有針對(duì)性的詳細(xì)解答；reply僅指一般的答復(fù)。2.Anotlongago對(duì)應(yīng)上段結(jié)尾的lately。3.B下文“But...bynight”提示此處與之相對(duì)而言。上文的sun也暗示了在白天。4.C通過(guò)“測(cè)試”證明……5.D當(dāng)prove意思是“證明或證實(shí)……的結(jié)果”時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。6.A見(jiàn)下段中間：“...usethestarsforguidance”。7.Cwarbler為鳥(niǎo)中的一類(lèi)。8.B下文第二句中有提示，本為“籠”中之鳥(niǎo)。9.B利用星星導(dǎo)航是鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)天生就有的一種“能力”。10.AD為可數(shù)名詞，須有冠詞，且與空白前的at搭配不當(dāng)。11.C朝……方向，用“in...direction”。12.Athat指代direction，后有ed形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。13.B此句交代實(shí)驗(yàn)中的重要環(huán)節(jié)，以證實(shí)warbler的“ability”。14.Aresult要和in搭配。15.B與后面動(dòng)詞use所表示的動(dòng)作“同時(shí)”。16.B四個(gè)選項(xiàng)詞義相比，應(yīng)選means(手段)。17.D云“遮”星，cover常與with連用。18.C空白后as所接三個(gè)名詞(短語(yǔ))均屬landmarks(地面標(biāo)志)。19.C空白前it指“天”，選dark。20.Ahelplessly與下文unable相呼應(yīng)。第二節(jié)閱讀理解（每題2分，共30分）1.C本題為判斷題。短文并沒(méi)有說(shuō)CharlesDarwin是哪個(gè)國(guó)家的科學(xué)家，可排除A；由第二段可知?jiǎng)e人認(rèn)為Darwin的許多實(shí)驗(yàn)不值得做，可把B排除；文中沒(méi)有論述Darwin與別人相處的事情，可排除D。由“hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.(Para3)”可推出答案C。2.A本題為詞義猜測(cè)題。由上文可知作者認(rèn)為做這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)驗(yàn)是重要的，它解釋了目前人們對(duì)于物理方面的理解。因此這些理解當(dāng)然是推翻了一些希臘古典物理學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)。由此可推知setaside與throwaway同義。3.D本題為主旨大意題。短文的最后一段點(diǎn)明最簡(jiǎn)單的事情都可能動(dòng)搖科學(xué)的根基，意在告訴讀者要留意身邊的每一件事，哪怕它非常簡(jiǎn)單。4.B本題為細(xì)節(jié)考查題。短文第一段第二句“Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?”明確告訴我們，有些人認(rèn)為Darwin做了愚蠢的實(shí)驗(yàn)。5.B本題為推斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，培根是在劍橋大學(xué)接受的教育，可知他受過(guò)良好的教育。本題也可用排除法選出正確答案，由短文的“oneofthemostimportantphilosophers”可把A排除；由“hewen