內(nèi)容成果機(jī)經(jīng)retelllecture

lMonkeyTheinfinitemonkeytheoremstatesthatamonkeyhittingkeysatrandomonatypewriterkeyboardforaninfiniteamountoftimewillalmostsurelytypeagiventext,suchasthecompleteworksofWilliamShakespeare.Inthiscontext,"almostsurely"isamathematicaltermwithaprecisemeaning,andthe"monkey"isnotanactualmonkey,butametaphorforan devicethatproducesarandomsequenceoflettersadinfinitum.Thetheoremillustratestheperilsofreasoningaboutinfinitybyimaginingavastbutfinitenumber,andviceversa.TheprobabilityofamonkeyexactlytyacompleteworksuchasShakespeare'sHamletissotinythatthechanceofitoccurringduringaperiodoftimeoftheorderoftheageoftheuniverseisminuscule,butnotzero.Butcanhelpmonkeystowrite.Ifthemonkeysaregivenapenandsomepaperstospelltheword“monkey”,theycanonlyscratchonthepaper.Bycontrast,iftheyaregivenatypewriter,itwilltakethoseover10yearstoproducetherightspelling.However,iftheycanusecomputerprograming,theycanfinishthetaskwithinaday.↓Inthislecture,thespeakertalksaboutinfinitemonkeytheorem.Accordingtothespeaker,shementionedthatonakeyboard,amonkeywillalmostsurelytypeagiventextsuchasthecompleteworksofWilliamShakespeare.Moreover,thespeakerindicatedthatitisametaphorforan devicethatproducesarandomsequence.Lastbutnotleast,thespeakersuggestedthatiftheyaregivenapenandsomepaperstheycanonlyscratchonthepaper.Ingeneral,thislecturetalksaboutinfinitemonkeytheoremandthebenefitsoftechnologyEarYou’vegotsoundreceptorsinyourearandtheyarebeautiful.We’renotgoingtotalkaboutthematanylength,butthere’slittleflappy,theselittleythingsgoingalonginyourearandtheycantranslatevibrationalenergycomingfromyourear,hurtingyoureardrum,beingtranslatedintoavibrationintothefluidinyourearintoaphysicalmotionoftheselittlereceptorsthereintoanelectricalmotion,intoanelectricalsignalthatgoesintoyourear.So,allofthat,allofthat’sprettyimpressivestuff.We’renotgoingtotalkaboutthedetailsofit,butIinvitesomeofyouwhowanttolearnmoreaboutthis,particularlyMITstudentsIthinkfindreceptorsreallyquiteremarkablekindsofdevices.↓Inthislecture,thespeakertalksaboutsoundreceptor.Accordingtothespeaker,hementionedthatabouthowbeautifulitisanditappearstobetheyandflappythingintheear.Moreover,thespeakerindicatedthatitcantranslatevibrationalenergyfromthedrumintophysicalmotionthroughthefluidandthenfurtherintoelectricalsignal.Lastbutnotlease,thespeakersuggestedthatstudentsliketheonesfromMITtolearnmoreaboutitasthosestudentsfinditaremarkablekindofdevice.Ingeneral,thislecturetalksaboutthemechanismbehindthesoundreceptorinourears.Haussmann’sRenovationofNapoleonIIIinstructedHaussmanntobringairandlighttothecentreofthecity,tounifythedifferentneighbourhoodswithboulevards,andtomakethecitymorebeautiful.Itincludedthedemolitionofcrowdedandunhealthymedievalneighbourhoods,thebuildingofwideavenues,parksandsquares,theannexationofthesuburbssurroundingParis,andtheconstructionofnewsewers,fountainsandaqueducts.Haussmann'sworkmetwithfierceopposition,andhewasfinallydismissedbyNapoleonIIIin1870;butworkonhisprojectsuntil1927.ThestreetnanddistinctiveappearanceofthecentreofParistodayislargelytheresultofHaussmann'srenovation.↓HaussmanninPariswasinstructedbyNapoleontheAimedtorebuildthePariscityespeciallyinchangingthecrowdedNapoleonrecedthematerialswhichwereusedtoconstructstreetsandMorelightsonthestreetmadeParisInthislecture,thespeakertalksabouttherenovationofParisin1789.Accordingtothespeaker,hementionedthattherenovationwasavastpublicprogramintroducedbyNapoleonthethirdanddirectedbyHaussmann.Moreover,thespeakerindicatedthatNapoleonthethirdtoldHaussmanntobringairandlighttothecentreoftomakethecitysaferandmorebeautiful.Lastbutnotlease,thespeakersuggestedthattherenovationremovedtheunhealthyneighbourhoodanditincludesbuildingroads,parksandsquares,ntingmoretreesandtheconstructionofnewinfrastructure.Finally,thespeakermentionsthatthereasonforngthisisthattheoldParishadmanyseriousproblemssuchasovercrowding,diseaseandcrime.TheDarknessbetweenNASA發(fā)回來一張galaxy的，是目前為止拍的最大的一Hubbleimagesofthegalaxyarecopyright andareusedbywebsites,mediaandnewspaperetc.ThepicturehasbeenproducedthousandGapsbetweenthegalaxiesarenotdark,itjustoureyescannotdetectthelowfrequencylightThegreatestmysteryisthedarknessbetweeneachgalaxywhicheveryscientististryingtounderstand↓Inthislecture,thespeakertalksaboutthedarknessbetweengalaxies.Accordingtothespeaker,hementionedthatapicturefromNASAwasprovided.Moreover,heindicatedthatthepictureiscopyrightandcanbefoundonnewspapers,andmagazines.Lastbutnotleast,hesuggestedthatthegapsbetweengalaxiesarenotdark.Ingeneral,thedarknessbetweengalaxiesstillremainsmysterious.HowtousedimensioninspecificDimensionisthenumberofpointsrequiredtodescribeaDimensionscanbespecifiedinnumbers,andonnumberis5個維度：Longitudelatitudealtitude,velocity,timeandOnedimensionlongitudenearTherearetwodimensions,thentwonumberarerequiredincludinglongitudeandlatitude,onthesurfaceIftherearethreedimensionsthreenumbersareneededincludinglongitude,latitudeandaltitude（地球外部）Fourdimensionlongitude,latitudealtitudeandtimeinthespace,thefourdimensionalspacetakesthetimeintoaccountasthe4thparameter.外太空定位還需要moredimensiontospecifythe↓Inthislecture,thespeakertalkedaboutdimensions.Accordingtothespeakers,hementionedthatdimensionscanbedefinedasthenumberofspaceorvariablesusedtodescribeevents.Moreover,thespeakerindicatedthatonedimensionreferstoonevariable,whichmeanslongitude.Lastbutnotlease,thespeakersuggestedthattwodimensionscontaintwovariables:longitudepluslatitude.And,threedimensionscontain3variables:longitude,latitudeandvelocity.And,fourdimensionsincludetheabove-mentionedvariablesandtime.Ingeneral,wecanusethesedimensionstorepresenteveryevent;however,weseldomuse4dimensions.WelshWelshisaCelticlanguagespokeninWalesbyabout740,000people,andintheWelshcolonyinPatagonia,Argentinabyseveralhundredpeople.TherearealsoWelshspeakersinEngland,Scotland,Canada,theUSA,AustraliaandNewZealand.Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturyabouthalfofthepopulationofWalesspokeWelshasaneverydaylanguage.Towardstheendofthecentury,theproportionofWelshspeakershadfallentoabout20%.Accordingtothe2001census582,368peoplecanspeakWelsh,659,301peoplecaneitherspeakandreadorwriteWelsh,and797,717people,28%ofthepopulation,claimedtohavesomeknowledgeofthelanguage.AccordingtoasurveycarriedoutbyS4C,theWelshlanguageTVchannel,thenumberofWelshspeakersinWalesisaround750,000,andabout1.5millionpeoplecanWelsh.Inadditionthereareanestimated133,000WelshspeakerslivinginEngland,about50,000ofthemintheGreaterLondonarea.↓ThenumberofWelshspeakershasEnglishiswidelyusedinthisSomeofthemarelivinginEnglandandgreaterLondonBombCalorimeterThermo-Abombcalorimeterisatypeofconstant-volumecalorimeterusedinmeasuringtheheatofcombustionofaparticularreaction.Bombcalorimetershavetowithstandthelargepressurewithinthecalorimeterasthereactionisbeingmeasured.Electricalenergyisusedtoignitethefuel;asthefuelisburning,itwillheatupthesurroundingair,whichexpandsandescapesthroughatubethatleadstheairoutofthecalorimeter.Whentheairisescathroughthecoppertubeitwillalsoheatupthewateroutsidethetube.Thechangeintemperatureofthewaterallowsforcalculatingcaloriecontentofthefuel.Inmorerecentcalorimeterdesigns,thewholebomb,pressurizedwithexcesspureoxygen(typicallyat30atm)andcontainingaweighedmassofasample(typically1-1.5g)andasmallfixedamountofwater(tosaturatetheinternalatmosphere,thusensuringthatallwaterproducedisliquid,andremovingtheneedtoincludeenthalpyofvaporizationincalculations),issubmergedunderaknownvolumeofwater(ca.2000ml)beforethechargeiselectricallyignited.Thebomb,withtheknownmassofthesampleandoxygen,formaclosedsystem-nogasesescapeduringthereaction.Theweighedreactantputinsidethesteelcontaineristhenignited.Energyisreleasedbythecombustionandheatflowfromthiscrossesthestainlesssteelwall,thusraisingthetemperatureofthesteelbomb,itscontents,andthesurroundingwaterjacket.Thetemperaturechangeinthewateristhenaccuraymeasuredwithathermometer.Thisreading,alongwithabombfactor(whichisdependentontheheatcapacityofthemetalbombparts),isusedtocalculatetheenergygivenoutbythesampleburn.Asmallcorrectionismadetoaccountfortheelectricalenergyinput,theburningfuse,andacidproduction(bytitrationoftheresidualliquid).Afterthetemperaturerisehasbeenmeasured,theexcesspressureinthebombisreleased.Basically,abombcalorimeterconsistsofasmallcuptocontainthesample,oxygen,astainlesssteelbomb,water,astirrer,athermometer,thedewarorinsulatingcontainer(topreventheatflowfromthecalorimetertothesurroundings)andignitioncircuitconnectedtothebomb.Byusingstainlesssteelforthebomb,thereactionwilloccurwithnovolumechangeobserved.↓sampleThenutritionalvalueoffoodcanbemeasuredonmanydifferentThemostbasicmeasurementscaleis energycontentoftheHowmuchenergyisreleasedwhenchemicalbondswithinthefoodareTheenergycontentoffoodismeasuredincalories,theamountofkineticenergyrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1mlofwater,1℃.Foodisburnedundercontrolledconditions,breakingchemicalbonds,andreleasingenergy.TheburningischemicallysimilartothebreakdownoffoodincellularrespirationalthoughtheprocessoccursmuchmorequicklyandinalesscontrolledfashionduringignitionWesternCountriesChildBirth西方國家孩子出生出生率，adecreasingbirthEuropeanfemalesdonotwanttogivebirthtobabies30歲以下的TwoadultonlygavebirthtoaverageoneAffectthedevelopmentforbothmanandwomen，但的地位還是不容動Childbirthrates20001%AustralianAustralia’smajordestinationswereEuropeandJapan ethemostimportantandbiggestUsedtoisolatefromNorthAmericaand hascometothesecondand willovertakeJapanand ethelargest’srisechangedsituationandinfluencedAustraliashouldtakeadvantageof’s ernmentalOrganizationAnon- ernmentalorganization(NGO)isanorganizationthatisneitherapartofaernmentnoraconventionalforprofitbusiness.Usuallysetupbyordinarycitizens,NGOsmaybefundedbyernments,foundations,businesses,orprivate s.Someavoidformalfundingaltogetherandarerunprimarilybyvolunteers.NGOsarehighlydiversegroupsoforganizationsengagedinawiderangeofactivities,andtakedifferentformsindifferentpartsoftheworld.Somemayhavecharitablestatus,whileothersmayberegisteredfortaxexemptionbasedonrecognitionofsocialpurposes.Othersmaybefrontsforpolitical,religious,orotherThenumberofNGOsintheUnitedStatesisestimatedat1.5million.Russiahas277,000NGOs.isestimatedtohavehadaround2millionNGOsin2009,justoveroneNGOper600ns,andmanytimesthenumberofprimaryschoolsandprimaryhealthcentresin.NGOsaredifficulttodefine,andtheterm'NGO'israrelyusedconsistently.Asaresult,therearemanydifferentclassificationsinuse.Themostcommonfocusison"orientation"and"levelofoperation".AnNGO'sorientationreferstothetypeofactivitiesittakeson.Theseactivitiesmightincludehumanrights,environmental,improvinghealth,ordevelopmentwork.AnNGO'slevelofoperationindicatesthescaleatwhichanorganizationworks,suchaslocal,regional,national,orinternational.↓Inthislecture,thespeakertalksaboutnon-ernmentalorganization.Accordingtothespeaker,hementionedthatNGOsmaybefundedbyernments,foundations,businessesorprivate s.Moreover,heindicatedthatthenumberofNGOsintheUSis1.5millionand hasaround2millionin2009.Lastbutnotleast,hesuggestedthatitishardtodefineanditisrarelyused.Ingeneral,thislectureisaboutnon-ernmentalWesternCountriesExpenditureonEducationUKisthebottomItalyandFranceisclosetothatofDenmarkandFinlandspentmuch↓Inthislecture,thespeakercomparedtheexpensesofeducationinstitutionamongdifferentEuropeancountries.Accordingtothespeaker,hementionedthatUKspent1.04%ofitsGDPoneducationinstitutions,whichwasinsufficientascomparedtootherEuropeancountriesincludingItaly,DenmarkandSpain.Moreover,thespeakerindicatedthat,theexpenditureofItalyandFranceisclosetothatofUKwhileDemarkandFinlandspenttwicetheamountofUKonthetertiaryeducation,whichisalsomuchhigherthantherestoftheEuropeancountries.CoffeeCoffeewasintroducedtoVietnamin1857bytheFrenchandslowlygrewasproducerofcoffeeinAsia.Theheightofcoffeeproductionoccurredintheearly20thcenturyassmall-scaleproductionshiftedtowardsntations.Thefirstinstantcoffeent,CoronelCoffeent,wasestablishedinBiênHòa,??ngNaiProvincein1969,withaproductioncapacityof80tonsperyear.TheVietnamWardisruptedproductionofcoffeeintheBu?nMaThu?tregion,theteauonwhichtheindustrywascentred.Althoughseldominvolvedin,theareawasacrossroadsbetweenNorthandSouthandwaslargelydepopulated.AftertheNorthVietnamesevictory,theindustry,likemostagriculture,wascollectivized,limitingprivateenterpriseandresultinginlowproduction.Following??im?ireformsin1986,privayownedenterprisewasonceagainpermitted,resultinginasurgeofgrowthintheindustry.Cooperationbetweengrowers,producersandernmentresultedinbrandingfinishedcoffeesandexportingproductsforretail.Itwasduringthistimethatmanynewcompaniesinvolvedincoffeeproductionwereestablished,including??kL?kbasedTrungNguyênin1996andHighlandsCoffeein1998.Bothoftheseontoestablishmajorbrandsdistributedthroughawidespreadnetworkofcoffeeshops.Bythelate1990s,Vietnamhad etheworld's2ndcoffeeproducerafterBrazil,butproductionwaslargelyfocusedonRobustabeans-consideredinferiortoArabicaduetotheirbitterness-forexportasacommodity.Recenternmentinitiativeshavesoughttoimprovethequalityofcoffeeexports,includingmorewidespreadntingofArabicabeans,thedevelopmentofmixedbeancoffees,andspecialtycoffeesuchasKopiLuwak(Vietnamese:càphêch?n,"weaselcoffee").By2000,coffeeproductionhadgrownto900,000tonsperyear.Pricedecreases,however,ledannualproductiontodroptoaround600,000tons/yearin2003.In2009,ReutersreportedVietnamesecoffeeexportsat"anestimated1.13milliontonnes"forthepreviousyear,statingthatcoffeewassecondonlytoriceinvalueofagro-productsexportedfromVietnam.Thecountry's2013/2014coffeecropisexpectedtobeabumperharvestofaround17millionto29.5million60-kgbags.Suchalargeproductionwilladdtoaglobaloversupplyofbeansandwillpressurecoffeepriceswhichhavelostabout10percentsinceOctober2012.Thecountry'scoffeeindustryhastakenahit;ofthe127localcoffeeexportfirmsthatoperatedin2012,56haveceasedtradingorshiftedtootherbusinessesafterhavingtakenoutloanstheycan'trepay.Afewfirms,suchasVietnam'stopcoffeeexportertheIntimexGroup,willbenefitfromthe2013harvest.Intimexaccountsforaquarterofthecountry'scoffeeexportsandmade$1.2billioninrevenuein2012.Theamountofnon-performingloansordebtsinthecoffeesectorlikelytogounpaidstandsat8trilliondong($379million),whichisaround60percentofallloansforthecoffeeindustryinVietnam.↓AmericaandGermanyhavebuiltmanycoffeeindustriesinVietnam,VietnamhasethesecondlargestcoffeeproducerCoffeeprofit1Inthislecture,thespeakertalkedaboutthechangesthathavetakenceincoffeeproduction.Accordingtothespeaker,hementionedthat,ascomparedwith10yearsago,coffeeproductionhasincreasedto60billion.Moreover,thespeakerindictedthatthehugedemandofEuropeandAmericahasmadeVietnamthesecondbiggestproducerwhichhasgreatlyaffectedColumbia’sproduction.Lastbutnotleast,thespeakersuggestedthatbycontrast,theoutputofCentralAmericaiswitnessingdrasticdecrease.areadiverseandlargelycarnivorousgroupofshort-‐bodied,taillessamphibianscomposingtheorderanura.Theoldestfossil"proto-frog"appearedintheearlyTriassicofMadagascar,butmolecularclockdatingsuggeststheiroriginsmayextendfurtherbacktothePermian,265millionyearsago.arewidelydistributed,rangingfromthetropicstosubarcticregions,butthegreatestconcentrationofspeciesdiversityisfoundintropicalrains.Thereareapproximay4,800recordedspecies,accountingforover85%ofextantamphibianspecies.Theyarealsooneofthefivemostdiversevertebrateorders.Besideslivinginfreshwaterandondryland,theadultsofsomespeciesareadaptedforlivingundergroundorintrees.Adultgenerallyhaveacarnivorousdietconsistingofsmallinvertebrates,butomnivorousspeciesexistandafewfeedonfruit.areextremelyefficientatconvertingwhattheyeatintobodymass.Theyareanimportantfoodsourceforpredatorsandpartofthefoodwebdynamicsofmanyoftheworld'secosystems.Theskinissemi-permeable,makingthemsusceptibletodehydration,duceawiderangeofvocalizations,particularlyintheirbreedingseason,andexhibitmanydifferentkindsofcomplexbehaviourstoattractmates,tofendoffpredatorsandtogenerallysurvive.Frogpopulationshavedeclinedsignificantlysincethe1950s.Morethanonethirdofspeciesareconsideredtobethreatenedwithextinctionandoveronehundredandtwentyarebelievedtohave eextinctsincethe1980s.Thenumberofmalformationsamongisontheriseandanemergingfungaldisease,chytridiomycosis,hasspreadaroundtheworld.Conservationbiologistsareworkingtounderstandthecausesoftheseproblemsandtoresolvethem.arevaluedasfoodbyhumansandalsohavemanyculturalrolesinliture,symbolismandreligion.↓PieThree（不同地域?qū)嶒灒?5%with...andwithout...）在各個不同地域青蛙變異已經(jīng)存在很多年，例如青蛙多了或者少了說了一下變異的原因，人們擔(dān)心這種變異的青蛙水里，會影響水的質(zhì)SirWinstonLeonardSpencer-TheRightHonourableSirWinstonLeonardSpencer-Churchill,KG,OM,CH,FRS,PC(November30,1874–January24,1965)wasaBritishstatesman,bestknownasprimeministeroftheUnitedKingdomduringtheSecondWorldWar.Atvarioustimesasoldier,journalist,author,andpolitician,ChurchillisgenerallyregardedasoneofthemostimportantleadersinBritishandworldhistory.Consideredreactionaryonsomeissues,suchasgrantingindependencetoBritain'scoloniesandattimesregardedasaself-promoterwhochangedpoliticalpartiestofurtherhiscareer,itwashiswartimeleadershipthatearnedhimiconicstatus.Someofhispeacetimedecisions,suchasrestoringtheGoldStandardin1924,weredisastrousaswashisWorldWarIdecisiontolandtroopsontheDardanelles.However,during1940,whenBritainaloneopposedHitler'sNaziGermanyintheworld,hisstirringspeechesinspired,motivated,andupliftedawholepeopleduringtheirdarkesthour.Churchillsawhimselfasachampionofdemocracyagainsttyranny,andwasprofoundlyawareofhisownroleanddestiny.Indeed,hebelievedthatGodhadcedhimonearthtocarryoutheroicdeedsfortheprotectionofChristiancivilizationandhumanprogress.AprovidentialunderstandingofhistorywouldconcurwithChurchill'sself-understanding.Consideredoldfashioned,evenreactionarybysomepeopletoday,hewasactuallyavisionarywhosedreamwasofaunitedworld,beginningwithaunionoftheEnglishspeakingpeoples,thenembracingallcultures.Inhisyouth,hecutadashingfigureasacavalryofficerasseeninthe1972filmYoungWinston(directedbyRichardAttenborough),buttheimagesofhimthatarethemostwidelyrememberedareasaratheroverweight,determined,evenpugnaciouslookingseniorstatesmanasheisdepictedtotheright.HallucinationHallucination alityAmildformofhallucinationisknownasadisturbance,andcanoccurinmostofthesensesabove.Thesemaybethingslikeseeingmovementinperipheralvision,orhearingfaintnoisesand/orvoices.Auditoryhallucinationsareverycommoninschizophrenia.Theymaybebenevolent(lingthesubjectgoodthingsaboutthemselves)ormalicious,cursingthesubjectetc.Auditoryhallucinationsofthemalicioustypearefrequentlyheard,forexamplepeopletalkingaboutthesubjectbehindhis/herback.Likeauditoryhallucinations,thesourceofthevisualcounterpartcanalsobebehindthesubject'sback.Theirvisualcounterpartisthefeelingofbeinglookedorstaredat,usuallywithmaliciousintent.Frequently,auditoryhallucinationsandtheirvisualcounterpartareexperiencedbythesubjecttogether.ExtinctionofMinorLanguagediesoutglobalisationMinorlanguagesaredisappearingataratethathasneverbeenbeforeintheMorepeopleimmigratetoothercountriesandmovetourbanareasarehardforsmalllanguagestosurvivePeopleinruralareaschoosetomovetolargePeopleinremoteareaspreservetheirminorTheidealceforminorlanguagestosurviveisinisolated↓Thislecturetalkedabouttheextinctionofminorlanguages.Accordingtothespeaker,hementionedthatthereasonforextinctionofminorlanguagesisglobalizationandurbanization.Moreover,thespeakerindicatedthatintermsofglobalization,moreandmorepeoplearemovingtourbanarea,whichnegativelyaffectstheexistenceofminorlanguages.Lastbutnotlease,thespeakersuggestedthatspeakingofurbanization,urbanareasdonotprovidegoodenvironmentforextinctlanguage.Thereasonisthatmostpeopletendtospeakgloballanguage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhospeakminorlanguageisdeclining.foodtradecityThedevelopmentofurbanizationandOnefarmergrowfoodcanbenefitmanyfamiliesintheAlotofpeopledon'twanttoliveincountrysidePeopletendtomovetocitytomakealifeincity,andthentheystartlosingAmoryLovins-EnergyAmoryBlochLovins(bornNovember13,1947)isanAmericanphysicist,environmentalscientist,writer,andChairman/ChiefScientistoftheRockyMountainInstitute.Hehasworkedinthefieldofenergyandrelatedareasforfourdecades.HewasnamedbyTimemagazineoneoftheWorld's100mostinfluentialpeoplein2009.Lovinsworkedprofessionallyasanenvironmentalistinthe1970sandsincethenasanystofa"softenergypath"fortheUnitedStatesandothernations.Hehaspromotedenergyefficiency,theuseofrenewableenergysources,andthegenerationofenergyatornearthesitewheretheenergyisactuallyused.Lovinshasalsoadvocateda"nega-wattrevolution"arguingthatutilitycustomersdon’twantkilowatt-hoursofelectricity;theywantenergyservices.Inthe1990s,hisworkwithRockyMountainInstituteincludedthedesignofanultra-efficientauto,theHyper-car.Lovinsdoesnotseehisenergyideasasgreenorleft-wing,andheisanadvocateofprivateenterpriseandmarketeconomics.HenotesthatRupertMurdochhasmadeNewsCorporationcarbon-neutral,withsavingsofmillionsofdollars.But,saysLovins,largeinstitutionsare ingmore"gridlockedandmoribund",andhesupportstheriseof"citizenorganizations"aroundtheworld.Lovinshasreceivedtenhonorarydoctoratesandwonmany .Hehasprovidedexperttestimonyineightcountries,briefed19headsofstate,andpublished31books.ThesebooksincludeReinventingFire,WinningtheOilEndgame,SmallisProfitable,BrittlePower,andNaturalCapitalism.↓30hardball.sortoutenergyproblemsbyInternationalEnvironment全球氣溫變化，然后有人poselegalduty，雖然作用不大，但也有進(jìn)行InternationalenvironmentallawandclimateUK從查爾斯二世起，就有類似的globallyandlocallyhumanactivitiesonenvironmentandindustrialImproveemployeecostTheoryofAdamSmith↓ThisLecturetalkedaboutinternationalenvironmentlaw.Accordingtothespeaker,hementionedthatifwewanttolookatinternationalenvironmentlawandclimateweneedtoreviewthelegislationsintheU.K,whichwereintroducedbyCharlesIIandaffectedgloballyandlocally.Moreover,thespeakerindicatedthat,duringtheindustrialrevolutionperiod,lawsbasedonAdamSmiththeorythatconcentratesoneconomicvaluecanbedetrimental.Lastbutnotleast,thespeakersuggestedthat,anaggressiveproposedtofocusonemployee’sheathandlocalenvironment.Ingeneral,thislecturetalksaboutinternationalenvironmentlaw.EukaryoteandYouareaeukaryote.Yourcellsareeukaryotic.Eukaryoticcellscontainmembrane-boundorganelles,includinganucleus.Eukaryotescanbesingle-celledormulti-celled,suchasyou,me,nts,fungi,andinsects.Bacteriaareanexampleofprokaryotes.Prokaryoticcellsdonotcontainanucleusoranyothermembrane-boundorganelle.Prokaryotesincludetwogroups:bacteriaandanothergroupcalledarchaea.Havingorganellesisabigdealforacell.Abacteriacellgetsalongjustfinewithoutorganelles,butbacteriaaretiny.That'swhywe'reabletohavesomanyofthemonourbodywithoutreallynoticingthem.Ourcells,though--they'restillsmalltothenakedeye,butthey'rehugeincomparisontobacteria.Oureukaryoticcellsarebiggerinsize,withmuchmoreDNA.MoreDNAmeansmoretranscription,andmoretranscriptionmeansmoretranslation,andmoretranslationmeansmoreproteins.Biggercellscreatetheneedfororganelles.↓Inthislecture,thespeakertalkedaboutthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheeukaryoticcellsofyourbodyandprokaryoticcellssuchasbacteria.Accordingtothespeaker,hementionedthateukaryoticorganizedifferentfunctionswithinspecializedmembrane-boundcompartmentcalledorganelles.Moreover,thespeakerindicatedthatthesestructuresdonotexistinprokaryotes.Anoveliststartedwritingfrom13yearsoldandherinitialintentionwastowritefictionnovelsAgreatnovelistinfluenceonHowevershetooksomedetourbutsheneverregrettedbecauseshebelieveditwastherightthingtodoHerbeliefwasinspiredbyonepioneerwhoencouragedpeopletoSheli llystartedwritingfrom1951,andthefirstchaptershewrotewas"thesecretsofthelifeofbees"TheUniverseofTherearemanystarsintheSomestars’temperatureisveryhighsotheyself-OtherstarsareveryThereareaverage7newstarsinthegalaxyeveryOnly20%aresuitable,soevery5yearstherewillbeanewsuitable放了一個老人的講述了關(guān)于一個叫Walterson的人，講他生平對的影響以及對文學(xué)的貢FactorsofAnimalSurviveandAlecturethatpresentsthepurposeofthecourse,speciesandanimalstosurviveandtoreproduce,suchasfrogincoldwaterAnimalsurviveandreproducefactors:temperaturetolerance,bodysize,behaviourandaltitudetheylive生物放進(jìn)冰箱會死掉，從而引出了氣候和季節(jié)對物種存活的重要SpeciesthattoleranceoftemperaturetosurviveandStudytheconditionsthatthecreaturecansurviveandSeasonalfactors,inhabitantfactorsandsoMedicine有點像電視，有有連線采訪的?，F(xiàn)在有大量的錢都花在了prescriptionadvertisement上，在黃金時段反復(fù)播關(guān)于藥物的促銷越來越多，從而導(dǎo)致人們?nèi)タ捶盟幬?，而不是去看TheinformationofthedrugadsisaccuratebutthetoneisAdvertisement會給人吃了藥，就可以relieftheirlifeThechangeinth