2022-2023年黑龍江省大興安嶺地區(qū)大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題(含答案)

2022-2023年黑龍江省大興安嶺地區(qū)大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級真題(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Duringthe19thcentury,naturalgaswasusedonalocalscalebecauseofthedifficultsituationin__________________.

2.

Theearthisunfrozentodaywiththeappearanceof______.

A.themethaneblanket

B.amile-thicklayerofice

C.newlifeforms

D.thecarbondioxide

3.

Thedisabilityinsuranceobtainedbytheemployeebenefitsplanis______.

A.notenoughforadecentliving

B.quiteenoughforadecentliving

C.betterthanthesalarybyworkingregularly

D.asequalasyouroriginalweeklysalary

4.

StephenWinstonwasthefirstprofessionalorganizer.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

ThestoryofJasonshowsthatalthoughgossipsareusuallyincredible,peopletendtobelieveinthe______.

6.TheScienceofInterruptions

In2000,GloriaMarkwashiredasaprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia.Shewouldarriveatherdeskinthemorning,fullofenergyandreadytotackleherto-dolist.Nosoonerhadshestartedonetaskthanacolleaguewoulde-mailherwithanurgentrequest;whenshewenttoworkonthat,thephonewouldring.Attheendoftheday,Markhadaccomplishedafractionofwhatshesetouttodo.

Lotsofpeoplecomplainthatofficemultitaskingdrivesthemnuts.ButMarkstudieshowhigh-techdevicesaffectourbehavior,soshewasabletodomorethancomplain:Shesetouttomeasurehownutswe'veallbecome.Shewatchedcubicle(辦公室隔間)dwellersastheysurfedthechaosofmodernofficelifeandfoundeachemployeespentonlyten-and-a-halfminutesonanygivenprojectbeforebeinginterrupted.Eachshortprojectwasitselffragmentedintothree-minutetasks,likeansweringe-mailmessagesorworkingonasheet.

Mark'sstudyalsorevealedthatinterruptionsareoftencrucialtoofficework.Thehigh-techworkersadmittedthatmanyoftheirdailydistractionswereessentialtotheirjobs.Whensomeoneforwardsyouanurgente-mailmessage,it'softensomethingyoureallydoneedtosee;ifamobilephonecallbreaksthrough,itmightbethecallthatsavesyourhide.

Forsomecomputerengineersandacademics,thisrealizationhasbeguntoraiseanattractivepossibility:Perhapswecanfindanidealmiddleground.Ifhigh-techworkdistractionsareinevitable,maybewecanre-engineerthemsowereceivealloftheirbenefitsbutfewoftheirdownsides.

TheBirthofMultitasking

Thescienceofinterruptionsbeganmorethan100yearsagowiththeemergenceoftelegraphoperators—thefirsthigh-stress,time-sensitiveinformation-technologyjobs.Psychologistsdiscoveredthatifsomeonespoketoatelegraphoperatorwhilehewaskeyingamessage,theoperatorwasmorelikelytomakeerrors.Later,psychologistsdeterminedthatwheneverworkersneededtofocusonajobthatrequiredthemonitoringofdata,presentationwasallimportant.Usingthisknowledge,cockpits(駛艙)forfighterpilotswerecarefullydesignedsothateachdialandmetercouldbereadwithjustaglance.

Still,suchissuesseemedremotefromthelivesofeverydayworkers.Then,inthe1990s,computersbegantoexperiencearapidincreaseinspeedandpower."Multitasking"wasborn;insteadofsimplyworkingononeprogramforhoursatatime,acomputeruserworksonseveralsimultaneously.Officeworkersnowstareatcomputerscreensofoverwhelmingcomplexity,astheyjuggle(操縱)messages,textdocuments,PowerPointpresentationsandwebbrowsers.Inthemodernofficeweareallfighterpilots.

EffectofMultitasking:Computer-affectedBehavior

Informationisnolongerascarceresource—attentionis.20yearsago,anofficeworkerhadtwotypesofcommunicationtechnology:aphone,whichrequiredaninstantanswer,andpostalmail,whichtookdays.Nowpeoplehavedozensofpossibilitiesbetweenthesetwopoles.

Theresultissomethinglike"continuouspartialattention",whichmakesussobusykeepinganeyeoneverythingthatweneverfullyfocusonanything.Thiscanactuallybeapositivefeeling,inasmuchastheconstantemaildingingmakesusfeelneededanddesired.Butwhathappenswhenyoutakethattotheextreme?Yougetoverwhelmed.Sanityliesindanger.

In1997,MicrosoftrecruitedMaryCzerwinski,whoonceworkedinNASA'sHuman-computerInteractionLab,toconductbasicresearchtofindouthowcomputersaffecthumanbehavior.Shetook39officeworkersandinstalledsoftwareontheircomputersthatwouldrecordeverymouseclick.Shediscoveredthatcomputeruserswereasrestlessashummingbirds.Onaverage,theyjuggledeightwindowsatthesametime.Moreastonishing

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

______diedinofficeofpneumonia.

8.

Inamarketsystem,no_________________includingthegovernmentisabletocontroltheeconomy.

9.

AfterrunningaroundtheOlympicstadiumtrackonce,______lightsthecauldron,andtheOlympicGamesofficiallystart.

10.

Whatareretireesbelowtheageof65suggestedtodowhentheirCOBRArunsout?

A.ToapplyforMedicalbenefits.

B.Tobuyanotherinsurancepolicy.

C.TorenewtheirCOBRA

D.Toaskforhelpfromthegovernment.

11.Whydowefailtoattendtoourfamilyfinancialwell-being?

A.Becausewedon'tknowwhatfamilyfinancialwell-beingis.

B.Becausewefocustoomuchondevelopingfamilyrelationships.

C.Becausewethinkworkismuchmoreimportant.

D.Becausewethinkitneedn'tbedealtwithimmediately.

12.

Differentfromlargeorganicfarms,smallorganicfarmsweremainlyengagedin______.

13.Kunzgaveupsoftwareengineeringmainlybecauseheearnedlessthanthoseinlaworbusinessfielddid.

14.Stressislikelytostriketeenagedgirlswhenthey______.

A.haveanaggressiveandanti-socialmother

B.failtobuildasoundrelationshipwithpals

C.getintoanewschoolenvironment

D.failtopassanimportantschooltest

15.

Pushingachildtobeacompetitivehighachieveratanearlyagewillresultinsuchnegativelong-termconsequencesas_______,______,and______.

16.

Wheninsectssleep,theymaybecomeinactivenomatterwhetheritisinthedayoratnight.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

"Areyoustillbeatingyourwife?"isinrealitytwoquestionsthatareusually______.

18.ClosingtheDeal

Salesandmarketingjobsatpharmaceutical(制藥的)companiesoffertheopportunitytocombinesciencewithsocialskillsandcreativetalent.HannahHoaginvestigatesthepitch.

ForGeorginaSmith,acareerinmedicalsalescombinedherdualinterestsinscienceandbusiness.Aftercompletingherbachelor'sdegreeinbiomedicalscience,SmithjoinedAstraZenecaasajuniormedicalrepresentative.TodayshedrivesaroundLondonvisitingphysicians,pharmacists,nursesandpracticemanagers,promotinggastrointestinal(胃與腸的)andrespiratory(呼吸的)treatments.

Smithfeelshersciencetraininggivesheranadvantageinsales."Noteveryonehasthatbackground.Itallowsmetotalkonthesamelevelasthephysicianandtounderstandthebroaderpicture,"shesays.

LikeSmith,manysciencegraduateschoosetomoveintothepharmaceuticalindustrybutleavethelabworktoothers.Salesandmarketingcareersallowsciencegraduatestointeractwithavarietyofpeopleinthepharmaceuticalchain,fromresearchersandregulatorstophysiciansandpatientgroups.

IntheUnitedStates,thepharmaceuticalindustryemploysmorethan100,000peopletopayvisitstophysiciansandpromotemedicines.Thereareanother100,000orsoofthesesalesrepresentativesinEurope.Thisface-to-facecontactsellsbillionsofdollarsworthofdrugsannually.From2000to2005thenumberofsalesreps(representatives的縮寫)continuedtogrow—byasmuchas60%inEurope.Butnowcompaniesaredownsizingteamsandinvestinginsalesqualityinstead.

"Salesdrivesthebottomlineforthesecorporations,"saysTomRuff,presidentandchiefexecutiveofTomRuffCompany,afirmbasedinManhattanBeach,California,thatspecializesinmedicaldeviceandpharmaceuticalsales,andsalesmanagementrecruiting."Thesalesrepresentativeplaysacriticalrole."

SellCulture

Theprimarypurposeofapharmaceuticalsalesrepistopromotethecompany'sproductstocustomers.Theseareusuallygroupsofphysicians,hospitalsorotherhealthcareproviders.Intheseentry-levelpositions,thereplearnsaboutregulatoryguidelinesandpresentingtheproducttothecustomer.Theyaregenerallyexpectedtomakeeightcallsperday."Asthesalesrepmovesupinlevelfromentrytoseniormedicalrepresentative,theybecomemoreknowledgeableabouttheircustomermarket,takeresponsibilityforpre-andpost-callplanning,andhavemoreadvancedanalyticalskills,"saysMicheleCrocco,directorofhumanresources,commercialoperationsatRocheinNutley,NewJersey.Theymaybecomedivisionalsalesmanagers,shesays,coachingandevaluatingothersalesreps.

Acareerinsalesrequirestherightsortofpersonality.Thosewhoexcelareoutgoingpeoplewhoenjoythechallengeof"makingtheclose",saysChrisJock,vice-presidentandgeneralmanagerforglobaloperationsatKellyScientificResourcesinTroy,Michigan.Theyarepersuasive,competitiveandconfidentself-starters.Ultimately,performanceisjudgedonthenumberofprescriptionssoldandcontactsmade,whichcanmakepharmaceuticalsalesahigh-pressurejob.

Evenentry-levelsalespositionsfrequentlydemandprevioussalesexperience."Companieswantaproventrackrecordofsuccessinsales,"saysRuff,whoaddsthatexperiencesellinginthehealthcareindustryisn'tnecessary.Infact,RuffrecommendsfreshgraduatesgainacoupleofyearssalesexperienceataFortune500companyknownforitssalestrainingbeforeenteringpharmaceuticalsales.

Butpeoplewithsciencebackgrounds,orwhoaregoodatcommunicatingamessageandbuildingrelationships,maybeabletotalktheirwayintoanentry-levelpositionwithoutanysalesexperience.Clinicalexperience,inparticular,israpidlybecomingavaluableassetforprospective

A.YB.NC.NG

19.BestTimeKeeper

WaldoWilcoxknewtherewastroublethemomenthesawthemauled(受傷的)deercarcass,notfarfromoneofthemeadowswherehiscattlegrazed.Hisdogs,DinkandShortie,sensedittoo—mountainlion.Hegrabbedhispistolandaropefromhistruck,andsaid,"Let'sgethim."Thenheheadedupthemountainside,hishoundsracingfarahead.

Wilcoxmovedinlongstridesuptherockygrade.Still,ittooksometimebeforehetoppedthesummit.Thebigcatwasnot50yardsinfrontofhim,itsfangs(尖牙)bared,corneredbythedogsonamassivesandstonebluff.

Wilcoxgrippedhisgun.Hehopedtotakethemountainlionaliveandsellittoazoo;he'ddonethatbeforeandmadeatidyprofit.Wilcoxtookquickaim,hispistolcracked,andtherewasasuddensilenceastheanimalfelllimptotheground.

Itwasn'tuntilthereddusthadsettledandWilcox'spulsehadslowedthathegazedaround.Whathesawstunnedhim.Highontheblufflayanarcheological(考古學(xué)的)treasuretrove(珍藏物)largepiecesofpottery,stonesheltersthatoncehousedwholefamilies,anddomedstructuresthathadheldwildgrainsharvestedcenturiesbeforeEuropeanssetfootinNorthAmerica.

Wilcoxmadehisdiscoveryonthebluffalmost20yearsago—butitwasnotthefirsttimehehadfoundrelicsonhisland.Since1951,whenhisfatherboughtthehighvalleyRangeCreekranch,ayearhadseldompassedinwhichWilcoxdidnotcomeuponsomespotofarcheologicalinterest.Occasionallyhestumbledacrossburialplots.

NativeAmericanCulture

Fornearlyhalfacentury,hekeptquietabouttheriches,tellinghardlyanyoneoutsidehisimmediatefamilywhatwashiddenintheisolatedvalley160milessoutheastofSaltLakeCity.Whenhediscoveredanewsite,Wilcoxwouldnoteitslocation—thenjustletthingsbe.

NowthesecretofRangeCreekisfinallyout.Fouryearsago,forcedbytimetogiveupranching,Wilcox,75,soldhisbeef-cattlepropertyinadealthatultimatelyputthelandinstatehands.ThankstoWilcox'ssilence,the4,200-acreranchisonehuge,untouchedarcheologicalsite.Today,scientistsfromUtah'sDivisionofStateHistoryandtheUniversityofUtaharebusilycataloguingmagnificent,previouslyunknownruinsontheproperty.

WhatthescientistsarelearningatRangeCreekhasalreadybeguntoshedlightononeofthegreatestmysteriesofNativeAmericanhistory—thefateoftheFremontculture,whichhadthrivedinUtahforalmost1,000years,thenvanishedvirtuallyover-nightinthe1300s.

TheveryexistenceoftheFremontdidnotcometolightuntilthelate1920s,whenaHarvardUniversityexpeditiondiscoveredevidenceofanancientpeoplewhosettledalongtheFremontRiverinsouthernUtah.Farmersandhunter-gathererswhoarrivedintheregionataboutA.D.400,theFremontlivedinone-roomhomesdugintotheearthandfinishedoffwithstacked-stonewailsandroofsmadeofreedsandmud.CarbondatingofcorncobsfoundontheWilcoxranchhintthatRangeCreekwasbuzzingwithactivityfromroughlyA.D.900to1100.

Butrightaroundthebeginningofthe14thcentury,somegreatshiftoccurred.Thedrawings,potteryandstructuresparticulartotheFremontcultureceasedtobemadeanywhere.SomeexpertsguessthatotherpeoplespushedouttheFremont.OthersspeculatethatsomeclimaticeventforcedtheFremonttomovesouth,wheretheymayhaveintegratedwithothertribes.

ALivingMonument

"Intermsofhistoryandarcheologicalstudy,RangeCreekisessentialtothestate,"explainsformergovernorOleneS.Walker."Itgivesusaviewintoaperiodforwhichwehavenowrittenhistory."SheisspeakingprimarilyabouttheFremontculture,butAWorldThatTimeForgot.Eventoday,thevalleyresemblesaworldthattimeforgot.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.Newdrugsusuallyarenottestedonthepeoplewhoare______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：M:Let'sgoswimmingoveratthestudentcenter.

W:I'dliketo,butIhaveapaperdueonFriday,andIhaven'tevenstartedityet.

M:Justanhour.I'vegotatesttomorrow,soIwon'tbeabletostayverylong.

W:Ineedtheexercise,butljustcan'tsparethetime.

M:Okay.HowaboutdinnerattheGrill?Youhavetoeatsometime,andit'srightbythelibrary.I'llgoovertherewithyouafterdinner,andyoucalldoyourresearchwhileIstudyformytest.

W:Well.

M:Comeon.You'llprobablywanttostaylate,andyoushouldn'twalkhomeafterdark.I'11stayuntilyou'rereadytogo.

W:Thatwouldbenice,but...

M:Look,wereallywouldn'tbewastinganytime.We'djustbedoingeverythingweneedtodo,butwe'dbedoingittogether.Ijustwanttospendtimewithyou.

W:Me,too.Okay.Ineedtogohomefirst,thenI'llmeetyouattheGrillaboutsix.Isthatallright?

M:That'sgreat.We'llgeteverythingdone.You'llsee.

(23)

A.Theman'stest.

B.Thewoman'sresearchpaper.

C.Goswimmingoveratthestudentcenter.

D.Plansfortheevening.

22.聽力原文：W:Hi,Mr.Talcott.Ismyprescriptionready?

M:It'srighthere.Justfollowthesedirectionsandtakeonepillrightaftereachmeal.

Q:Whatistheman'soccupation?

(17)

A.Florist.B.Dentist.C.Organist.D.Pharmacist.

23.(21)

A.Towarnofdangers.

B.Toexplaintrafficregulations.

C.Towakeupdriverswhoarefallingasleep.

D.Togivedirections.

24.聽力原文：(32)LeonaBridges,aNewYorkwomanwhomarriedintomillions,lefthermansionandher$12millionfortunetoherpet,alittlewhiteChihuahuanamedDuchess.AlthoughLeonahasoneson,Wilbur,andthreegrandchildren,theyreceivednothinginherwill.

(33)Wilburwasnotsurprised.Hehadalreadyhiredalawyertofightthewill.ThelawyersaidtherewouldbenoproblemprovingthatLeonawasn't"allthere"whenshesignedherwill.Noone,saidthelawyer,intheirrightmindcouldbesocrueltotheirownfleshandbloodwhilebeingsogeneroustoadogthathadbeenrescuedfromananimalshelter."Thedogdoesn'tevenhavepapers,"saidthelawyer.

LeonahadnotspokentoWilburinfiveyears.Theyusedtogetalongverywell.ThenWilburmadeanunfortunatejoke.HewasvisitingLeonaoneafternoon.Shehadjustspent$400atadogbeautyparlor.Theemployeeshadwashed,shampooed,andblow-driedDuchess,andthentiedabigpinkribbonaroundherneck.LeonamentionedtoWilburhowbeautifulDuchesslooked.Wilbursaid,"Yes,ifyourideaofbeautyisalargerodentwithapinkribbonarounditsskinnyneck."Leonagavehimadirtylook.

(34)Wilburapologized,sayinghewasjustjoking,butLeonatoldhimtoleaveimmediately.Howdarehersonbelittleher"baby"?Shedidn'trespondtoanyofhisemailsorphonecalls.Leonatoldherstafftoneverusethewords"Wilbur"inherpresence.(35)Dayslater,shefiredherhousekeeperwhenhesaidhewasgoingto"polishthesilver"—shethoughthesaidhewasgoingto"watchforWilbur".ThehousekeeperhadworkedforLeonafor25years.

(33)

A.Heronlychild,Wilbur.

B.Hersoilandgrandchildren.

C.Herpetdog,Duchess.

D.Hergrandchildren.

25.(13)

A.Shewilltakethesubway.

B.Shewillhurrytotheconference.

C.Shewillskiptheconferenceandgosightseeing.

D.Shewilltakeabus.

26.(45)

27.

【B9】

28.聽力原文：W:I'dlikereallytogototheconcerttonight,butIdon'tknowifIcouldsparethetime.

M:Musicalwaysrelaxingme.Itmightbeworthitinalongrum.

Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

(17)

A.Goingtotheconcerttonight.

B.Goingtotheconcertlater.

C.Goingtotheconcertafterawhile.

D.Goingtotheconcertinalongrun.

29.(29)

A.Slowexercises.

B.Restormeditation.

C.Restandmeditation.

D.Remainingcomfortable.

30.聽力原文：W:MycousinBobisgettingmarriedinCalifornianextSundayandIcan'tdecidewhethertogoornot．

M:It'salongtripanditwilltakeyouaboutfourhourstogetthere，butIthinkyouwillhaveagoodtimeonsuchanoccasion.

Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

(13)

A.Thewomanwillbehappytomeethercousin.

B.Thewomanshouldgototheweddingceremony.

C.Heplanstogotravellingwiththewoman.

D.HehasneverbeentoCaliforniaforit'sfaraway.

31.(22)

A.Delegationisatickettoforeigntrade.

B.Managersshouldn'tmerelybea"doer".

C.Leadershipisabornability.

D.Delegationisthemostimportantthinginmanagement.

32.

【B6】

33.

【B3】

34.聽力原文：M:Didyouhearonthenewstodayaboutthat...uh...murdererwhowasexecuted?

W:Ican'tbelieveit.

M:Yeah.That'sthefirsttimeintenyearsthatthey'veusedcapitalpunishment.

W:Ijustcan'tbelieveinoursocietytodaythattheywouldactuallykillanotherhumanbeing.Nobodyhastherighttotakeanotherperson'slife.

M:Oh,Idon'tagree.Listen,Ithinkcapitalpunishmentis-it'sabouttimeitcameback.Ithinkthat'sexactlywhatkillersdeserve.

W:No,theydon'tdeservethat.Becauseonceyou'rekillingakiller,you'rethekiller,too.Youbecomeakilleraswell.

M:No,listen.Youtakealife,youhavetobewillingtogiveupyourown.Andalso,Ithinkthatifyouhaveadeathpenaltyitwillpreventotherpeoplefromkilling.Ithinkit'sagooddeterrent.

W:Idon'tthinkit'sagooddeterrentatall.Mygoodnessgracious.Imean,firstofall,areyousurethepersonyou'veconvictedtodeathisreallyguilty?

M:Well,Ithinkthat'saveryrare...veryrareincidence.

W:Idon'tthinkit'srare,withallthecrackerjacklawyerswehavetoday,andthejudicialsystemthewayitis.

M:Ithinkit'sarareincidence,andIthinkit'smoreimportanttogetridofthe...thebadseed,youknow?

W:Butyoudon'tgetridofit.Yourehabilitatesomebodylikethat.Youdon'teliminate,yourehabilitate.

(20)

A.Thetopicoftheconversation.

B.Terriblerevenge.

C.Executedeathtomurder.

D.Anunbelievableguilty.

35.(26)

A.Beinginitiative.

B.Beingabletoleadateam.

C.Beingdynamic.

D.Beingabletoprettilyusepower.

36.(28)

A.Whentheyarefeeding.

B.Whenitisraining.

C.Whentheyaresleeping.

D.Whentheyarebreathingtheair.

37.聽力原文：W:Welcometovisitourcity,Mr.Lewis--but,ofcourse,youhavebeenherebefore,haven'tyou?

M:Yes,Ihave,whatagoodmemoryyouhave!IwasherefortheArtsFestivallastyear.

W:Andwhatwillyoubedoingonthisvisit?

M:Oh,Icamehereprimarilyforaholidayandtoseesomefriends.ButIwillalsobegivingsomeprivatecellolessonsaswell.

W:Ibelievethatyourcelloisratherspecial.Isthattrue?

M:Oh,yes.ItwasmadeformyunclebyaveryexpertGermancellomakercalledSchuster.WhenIbegan,cellolessonsattheageofeight,hesaidthatwhenIgrewbigenoughtohandleafull-sizedcello,hewouldgiveittome.

W:Sowhenachildbeginstoplaythecello,heorshestartsonasmallerinstrument?

M:Ofcourse,orhewouldbeveryuncomfortable.Manychildrenbeginwithahalf-sizedcello,butasIwasbigformyage,Ibeganwithatwo-thirds-sizedcello.

W:Areyougoingtootherplacesonthistripandwillyoutakeyourcellowithyou?

M:Yes,verydefinitely.

W:But,isn'titdifficulttakingacelloaroundwithyou?

M:Notreally.IjustreservetwoseatswhenI'mtravelinganywhere,oneformeandoneformycello.It'ssuchapreciousinstrumenttomethatithardlyeverleavesmyside.

(20)

A.Tovisitfriends.

B.Togiveconcerts.

C.Tovacation,

D.Togiveprivatelessons.

38.聽力原文：W:I'mtakingJohntothatfancynewrestauranttonight.

M:Youcan'tgolikethat.You'dbetterchange.

Q:Whatdoesthemanadvice?

(13)

A.Takealotofmoney.

B.Gotoadifferentrestaurant.

C.Don'tinviteJohn.

D.Weardifferentclothes.

39.(36)

A.Popmusic'sbiggesttestisthetestoftime.

B.Popmusic'stunesdonothaveveryclearstyles.

C.Popmusicmaynotexpressanyimportantfeelingatall.

D.Popmusicmayexaggeratesomefeelings.

40.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Manystudentstrytostudythewholenightanddonotsleepbeforeanexam.Twoseparatestudiesshowthismaydomoreharmthangood.Thestudiesfoundthatagoodnight'ssleepmayimprovememory.ThefindingsofbothstudiesappearedinthepublicationNature.

ScientistsattheUniversityofChicagodidoneofthem.Theytrainedstudentstolistentounclearspeechproducedbyamachine.Somestudentslistenedtotherecordingafteranightofsleep.Othersweretestedtwelvehoursafterthetraining,withnosleep.Guesswhat?Thestudentswhosleptunderstoodtherecordingbetter.

ProfessorDanielMargoliashsayssleephasatleasttwoeffectsonlearning.Oneistostrengthenmemoriesandprotectthemagainstinterference.Thesecondistorecovermemoriesthathavebeenlost.

TheotherstudytookplaceatHarvardMedicalSchoolinMassachusetts.Scientiststrainedone-hundredpeopletorepeattwoseriesoffingermovements.Theactwassimilartoplayingnotesonapiano.Peoplewhosleptbetweenlearningthefirstseriesandtheseconddidthebest.Thestudysuggestedthatmemoriesarerecordedinthreesteps.Scientistssaytheprocessissimilartothewayacomputerstoresinformation.Inhumans,theysay,thesecondsteprequiressleep.

(27)

A.Manystudentstrytostudythewholenightbeforeanexam.

B.Sleepmayimprovememory.

C.Examsmayharmmemory.

D.Sleepcanimprovelisteningability.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.(59)

42.

Accordingtotheauthor,thefortunesofHerakleionandEasternCanopusdeclinedin______.

43.Beforethe1850stheUnitedStateshadanumberofsmallcolleges,mostofthemdatingfromcolonialdays.Theyweresmall,church-connectedinstitutionswhoseprimaryconcernwastoshapethemoralcharacteroftheirstudents.

ThroughoutEurope,institutionsofhigherlearninghaddeveloped,bearingtheancientnameofuniversity.InGermanyadifferentkindofuniversityhaddeveloped.TheGermanuniversitywasconcernedprimarilywithcreatingandspreadingknowledge,notmorals.Betweenmid-centuryandtheendofthe1800s,morethanninethousandyoungAmericans,dissatisfiedwiththeirtrainingathome,wenttoGermanyforadvancedstudy.SomeofthemreturnedtobecomepresidentsofVenerable(受人尊敬的)colleges—Harvard,Yale,Columbia—andtransform.themintomodernuniversities.Thenewpresidentsbrokealltieswiththechurchesandbroughtinanewkindoffaculty.

Professorswerehiredfortheirknowledgeofasubject,notbecausetheywereoftheproperfaithandhadastrongarmfordiscipliningstudents.Thenewprinciplewasthatauniversitywastocreateknowledgeaswellaspassiton,andthiscalledforafacultycomposedofteacherscholars.DrillingandlearningbyrotewerereplacedbytheGermanmethodoflecturing,inwhichtheprofessor'sownresearchwaspresentedinclass.GraduatetrainingleadingtothePh.D.,anancientGermandegreesignifyingthehighestlevelofadvancedscholarlyattainment,wasintroduced.Withtheestablishmentoftheseminarsystem,graduatestudentslearnedtoquestion,analyze,andconducttheirownresearch.

Atthesametime,thenewuniversitygreatlyexpandedinsizeandcourseofferings,breakingcompletelyoutoftheold,constrictedcurriculumofmathematics,classics,rhetoric,andmusic.ThepresidentofHarvardpioneeredtheelectivesystem,bywhichstudentswereabletochoosetheirowncoursesofstudy.Thenotionofmajorfieldsofstudyemerged.Thenewgoalwastomaketheuniversityrelevanttotherealpursuitsoftheworld.Payingcloseheedtothepracticalneedsofsociety,thenewuniversitiestrainedmenandwomentoworkatitstasks,withengineeringstudentsbeingthemostcharacteristicofthenewregime.Studentswerealsotrainedaseconomists,architects,agriculturalists,socialwelfareworkers,andteachers.

Theword"this"(sentence2,Para.3)referstowhichofthefollowing?

A.Creatingandpassingonknowledge.

B.Drillingandlearningbyrote.

C.Discipliningstudents.

D.Developingmoralprinciples.

44.

Whatdoesthelastparagraphindicate?

A.Source-codeshouldn'tbefirmlycontrolled.

B.Thesoftwaremarketistendingtobediversified.

C.Microsoftwillreleasemoresource-code.

D.Softwaremarketiscontracting.

45.

TheauthormentionsaboutCharlieChaplin'searlyfilmsbecause______.

A.theycanamusepeople

B.theyareveryinstructive

C.theyshowthatcertaincomicstereotypesattractallthewo