中考英語閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)最實用

TheSkillsofreadingcomprehensionWelcometoTheReadingKingdom!1第一頁，共45頁?？疾槭聦嵓?xì)節(jié)：猜測生詞含義：推理判斷：歸納主旨大意：推測作者的態(tài)度、意圖和目的：閱讀理解考查題型2第二頁，共45頁?！惨弧呈聦嵭约?xì)節(jié)題對時間、地點、特征、方式、數(shù)字等的尋找對原因、結(jié)果、事實的正確理解常用提問方式：1.Accordingtothepassage,who(what,why,where,when，howmany/much,howlong)….?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true?通常是特殊疑問句或判斷句子正誤3第三頁，共45頁。1.He/sheshouldhaveaninterestinmakingpizza.Moreimportantly,he/sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant.

Theadtellsusthat______A.Theassistantmustbeaman.B.Theassistantmusthaveonceworkedinarestaurant.C.PuccipizzahasbranchesalloverChina.——————————————————B4第四頁，共45頁。事實理解題解題技巧：事實細(xì)節(jié)題一般在:

1文中有原句；

2找相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行比對;3找近義詞或同義句;4進(jìn)行簡單數(shù)學(xué)計算;

在讀文章時把這些信息劃下來

5第五頁，共45頁?！捕巢聹y詞義詞匯題是詢問文章中出現(xiàn)的某個詞、詞組或句子含義的題型。常見的提問方式有：1)Theword…..refersto_____2)Theunderlined…..probablymeans____________6第六頁，共45頁。1、根據(jù)定義、釋義、舉例或復(fù)述猜詞

常用的：be,becalled,mean，破折號或定語從句等來表示。Well,I’verelearnedit.IhopeIhavetimelefttoenjoythesuccessesofothersandtotakepleasureintheday.That’stheheartofthewatermelon.“theheartofthewatermelon〞refersto___.A.thebestpartofthewatermelon.B.thewriter’sbusylifeC.thewriter’sdecisionofmakingmoney.D.thewriter’shopeofenjoyinglife.D7第七頁，共45頁。2、根據(jù)上下文情景和邏輯進(jìn)行判斷Astheygoaroundtown,theyhelppeople.Whentheyfindlostchildren,theytakethechildrenhome.Iftheyseeafight,theyputanendtoitrightaway.Theyknowallthestreetsandroadswell.Oftenpeopleaskthemhowtogettoaplaceintown.Inthetext,“putanendto〞means___A.stopB.cutC.killD.flyA8第八頁，共45頁。Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.Whatdoestheword“steam〞meaninChinese?_________A.自來水B.大氣C.冰川D.蒸汽Dand3、根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞來猜測9第九頁，共45頁。3、根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞來猜測表示因果關(guān)系的：表示同義關(guān)系的：表示反義關(guān)系的：because,as,since,for,so,asaresult…and,like,justas…thesameas….but,however,though,although,yet,instead(of)10第十頁，共45頁。演練1Abagisusefulandtheword“bag〞isuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases.Oneis“toletthecatoutofthebag.〞Itisthesameas“totellasecret〞Nowwhensomeoneletsoutasecret,he“l(fā)etsthecatoutofthebag.〞Q:Johnletsthecatoutofthebag〞meansheA.makeseveryoneknowasecret.B.thewomanboutacat.C.buysacatinthebag.D.sellsthecatinthebag.`A11第十一頁，共45頁。實戰(zhàn)演練2Ifyouwanttobeamusician,youusuallyhavetomovetoanareathathasalotofjobs,suchasNewYorkCity.Thecostoflivingintheseareasisusuallyveryhigh.Thethirddisadvantageisthatyoucan’thaveastablefamilylife.Differentjobswilltakeamusiciantodifferentplaces,somostmusiciansareunabletohavearegularfamily.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stable〞meaninChinese?__________A.幸福的B.穩(wěn)定的C.健康的B12第十二頁，共45頁?！踩惩评砼袛?/p>

考查邏輯推理能力、語言分析能力和綜合歸納能力。下面哪些方式屬于推理判斷題？Wecaninfer(推斷)fromthestorythat____What’sthepassagemainlyabout?Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_Accordingtothestory,whatwouldhappennext?Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat_______Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?√√__√√13第十三頁，共45頁。1、事實推理：先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。Secondly,anewsstoryhastobeinterestingandunusual.Peopledon’twanttoreadstoriesabouteverydaylife.Asaresult,manystoriesareaboutsomekindofdangerandseemtobe“bad〞news.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanyoumostpossiblywatchonTV?_______Youoftenplayfootballwithyourfriendsafterschool.Yourteacherhasgotacold.Atigerinthecityzoohasrunoutandhasn’tbeencaught.Thebikeinfrontofyourhouseislost.Cdangerbad14第十四頁，共45頁。Whenyoucoughorsneeze,pleaseturnyourheadawayfromothersandcoveryourmouthwiththefullpartofyourhand.Afterwards,youshouldsay,“Excuseme.〞ThisisaruleIsetformystudents.Itissosimple,butmanykidshaveneverbeentoldtodothis.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this〞mean?_Don’tcoughorsneezeinfrontofpeopleDon’tstandbesidesomeonewhocoughsorsneezes.Manypeoplecoughorsneezeontheundergroundtrain.Coveryourmouthwhencoughingorsneezingandsaysorry.D15第十五頁，共45頁。解題技巧：推斷題在文章無法直接找到答案，須在正確理解文章字面意思的根底上，運用邏輯推理的方法，綜合主旨句、主題句和上下文信息以及作者的措辭，作出總結(jié)性的判斷。同時要特別注意代詞所指代的對象

16第十六頁，共45頁?！菜摹硽w納主旨大意:主要包括主題思想、寫作意圖、文章的題目等

常見的提問方式有：(1〕Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(2)Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat_____(3)Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainidea?(4)Thepassageismainlyabout______(5)Thebesttitleforthestoryis_______(6)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?17第十七頁，共45頁。Canyoufindthetopicsentence?Alllivingthingsontheearthneedotherlivingthingstolive.Nothinglivesalone.Mostanimalsmustliveinagroup,andevenaplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekind.Sometimesonelivingthingkillsanother,oneeatsandtheotheriseaten.Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinordertolive,andtogethertheyformafoodchain.Somefoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofthelinksdisappears.18第十八頁，共45頁。2.Readingisagoodhabit,buttheproblemis,there’stoomuchtoreadthesedays,andtoolittletimetoreadeverywordofit.Therearehundredsofskillstohelpyoureadmoreinlesstime.HerearetwoskillsthatIthinkareespeciallygood._______________________________________解題技巧：此類題目多出現(xiàn)于議論文和說明文。要確定文章的主題思想，最重要的是要找到主題句。主題句一般在段首或段尾，有時也在中間。19第十九頁，共45頁。3.DoyouknowmoreandmoreChineseartistshavemaderegulardonationstocharityorputtheireffortsintocharityworkinChina?

Herelet’sknowsomeofthem.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?_____A.Chinesecharitywork.B.CharityworkofsomeChineseartists.C.SomefamousChineseartists.D.OrganizationsstartedbyChineseartists.B________________________________20第二十頁，共45頁?！参濉匙髡叩囊鈭D、態(tài)度和目的題1、作者的語氣態(tài)度往往不會直接寫在文章里，只能通過細(xì)讀文章，從作者的選詞及修飾手段中體會出來。常見的提問方式有：(1)Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthepassage?(2)Thewriterprobablyfeelsthat______(3)Whatisthewriter’smainpoint?(4)Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowards…?(5)Inthepassagethewritertriestotellusthat_______(6)Thewritersuggest(暗示)that__________(7)Thewriterwantstoprovethat___________題目都是圍繞作者的意圖、目的和態(tài)度21第二十一頁，共45頁。解題技巧:正確理解文章中反映作者態(tài)度和觀點的關(guān)鍵詞，同時通過選項中的關(guān)鍵詞來推斷正確答案，學(xué)會根據(jù)作者使用的詞語的褒貶性去判斷作者的態(tài)度，要區(qū)別作者的態(tài)度和其他人的態(tài)度，不應(yīng)把你自己的態(tài)度滲透其中。TodayIcanironprettywell.Iknowwheretostartonashirtandtherightwaytodothetrousers.NowwhenIthinkaboutit,Idon’tthinksheisanoldlady.Ithinshemighthavebeenaboutmyagenow.Anyway,whenIiron,IthinkofherandsilentlythankherforallthethingsIlearned.Nowthewriter____________A.isstillafraidoftheladyB.hatesthestrictlady.C.admiresthedisabledlady.D.isverygratefultothelady.D————————————————————————————————22第二十二頁，共45頁。ReadthepassageandfinishtheexercisesHappinessisimportantforeveryone.Mostpeoplewanttobehappybutfewknowhowtofindhappiness.Moneyandsuccessdon’tbringlastinghappiness.Happinessdependsonourselves.Inotherwords,wemakeourownhappiness.Somepeoplebelievethatiftheyarewealthy,theywillbeabletodoanythingtheywant,whichmeanshappiness.Ontheotherhand,somepeoplebelievethatholdingahighpositioninthegovernmentishappiness.Inthisway,youhavenotonlymoney,butalsomanyotherthingswhichcan’tbeboughtbymoney.However,otherpeoplebelievethathavinglotsofmoneyisnothappiness,norisholdingahighpositioninthegovernment.Thesepeoplevalue(重視)theirbeliefs,ortheirintelligence,ortheirhealth.Theythinkthesecanmakethemhappy.23第二十三頁，共45頁。Hereareafewwaystohelpyoubehappier.Thefirstsecretofhappinessistoenjoythesimplethingsinlife.Toooften,wespendsomuchtimethinkingaboutthefuture,forexample,gettingintocollegeorgettingagoodjobthatwedon’tenjoythepresent.Youshouldenjoylife’ssimplepleasures,suchasreadingagoodbook,listeningtoyourfavoritemusic,orspendingtimewithclosefriends.Peoplewhohaveclosefriendsusuallyenjoyhappierandhealthierlives.Thesecondsecretofhappinessistobeactive.Manypeoplegodancingorplaysports.Peoplecanforgetabouttheirproblemsandonlythinkabouttheactivities.Finally,manypeoplefindhappinessinhelpingothers.Accordingtostudies,peoplefeelgoodwhentheyvolunteertheirtimetodomanymeaningfulthingsforotherpeople.Ifyouwanttofeelhappier,dosomethingniceforsomeone.Youcanhelpafriendwithhisorherstudies,goshoppingtogetfoodforanoldneighbor,orsimplyhelparoundthehouse.Nowmaybeyouknowhowtofindhappiness!24第二十四頁，共45頁。()1.Somepeoplewhoholdahighpositioninthegovernmentthinktheycan________.()2.Theunderlinedword“wealthy〞means________inthearticle.()3.Wecaninfer〔推斷〕thatManypeoplefindithappyto__________.()4.Thepassagemainlytellsus________.()5.Thewriterthinksthesecretofhappinessisthatpeople________考查事實細(xì)節(jié)歸納主旨大意推理判斷猜測生詞推測作者的意圖、態(tài)度、目的25第二十五頁，共45頁。表示因果關(guān)系的：because,as,since,for,so,asaresult…表示同義關(guān)系的：and,like,justas…表示反義關(guān)系的：but,however,though,although,yet,instead(of)等等。

〔3〕.根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞猜詞26第二十六頁，共45頁。1.Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwassofaint2.Tomisveryrude,buthisbrotherisquitepolite.3.Sheisbeautiful,andherdaughterisasprettyasher.(昏暗的〕(有禮貌的)(漂亮的)27第二十七頁，共45頁。點擊中考Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.Whatdoestheword“steam〞meaninChinese?_________A.自來水B.大氣C.冰川D.蒸汽D28第二十八頁，共45頁。〔4〕根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗及普通常識猜詞Chinaisourmotherland.Kangaroomothershavepouchestocarrytheirbabies.3.It'sreallycoldoutside,andmyhandsarebothnumb.(祖國)(育兒袋)(凍僵了的,麻木的,失去知覺的)29第二十九頁，共45頁。2.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.

4.Theboyhadahappyfamilybefore.However,afterthewar,hebecamehomeless.Exercises:Guessthemeaningofthenewwordsquickly.Wealthymeanshavinglotsofmoney.5.Youmuststopdreamingandfacereality.(富裕的，有錢的〕(有害的)(現(xiàn)實)3.Mymother-in-law,myhusband’smother,wasateacher.(婆婆)(無家可歸的〕30第三十頁，共45頁。解題技巧1.根據(jù)作者使用的詞語的褒貶去判斷作者的態(tài)度，正確理解反映作者態(tài)度和觀點的關(guān)鍵詞。2.要區(qū)別作者的態(tài)度和其他人的態(tài)度，不應(yīng)把自己的態(tài)度滲透其中。31第三十一頁，共45頁。解題技巧：找主題句。一般新聞報道、說明文、議論文大都采用先總述、后分述的敘事方法，因此主題句大都在段首或篇首。用歸納法寫文章時，往往表述細(xì)節(jié)的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此結(jié)尾。那么主題句往往就在段末或篇末。32第三十二頁，共45頁。2.邏輯推理型2)根據(jù)計算判斷

Ifeveryonesetstheirairconditioning(空調(diào))at26℃,Beijingwillsave400millionkilowatt-hours(千瓦時)ofelectricityinonesummer.That’sone-thirdofalltheusageofthecityintheseason,〞saidaTVadvertisement.Beijingwilluse______millionkilowatt-hourselectricityinonesummer.A.1200B.800C.400一.閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式：A33第三十三頁，共45頁。2.邏輯推理型

1〕根據(jù)常識判斷

Onedayweinvitedsomefriendstodinner.Whenitwasaboutsixo’clock,mywifefoundthatwehadlittlebread.Sosheaskedourfive-year-olddaughter,Kathy,tobuysome.Oneday,Kathy’sparentsinvitedsomefriendsto________.A.havebreakfastB.havelunchC.havesupperD.haveaparty.C一.閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式：

34第三十四頁，共45頁。4.理解詞句含義型Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake.peopleoftenusechemicalsintheirgardens.Theyuseotherchemicalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningorkillinginsects(昆蟲).Therearealsomanybusinessmen.Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops.“Chemical〞inthestorymeans_______.A.化學(xué)家B污染品C藥品D.化學(xué)制品D一.閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式：35第三十五頁，共45頁。常用提問方式：

Accordingto(根據(jù))thepassage,weknowthat____Thetitle(標(biāo)題)ofthepassagecanbe________.Thewritertellsus_________.Fromthestorywecansee/learn/say_____Themainideaofthispassageis______.Whatisthispassageabout?一.閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式：3.歸納主旨句36第三十六頁，共45頁。Thewaysofguessingthenewwordsincontext:遇到生詞要冷靜37第三十七頁，共45頁。A.利用構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測根據(jù)單詞的前綴與后綴進(jìn)行猜詞。如，care(小心)→careful(小心的)→carefully(小心地);write(寫)→rewrite(改寫)。un-;dis-;-less:;mis-:;re-:;-ern:-er,-or,-ist:;2.根據(jù)“合成詞〞猜測。如school+bag→schoolbagdown+stairs→downstairs不無錯誤再,重復(fù),重新表方向表示人38第三十八頁，共45頁。

Exercises:Matchthemeaningwiththenewwords.rebuildmodernizeman-madeunsafemisunderstan-ding不平安的誤解重建現(xiàn)代化人造的39第三十九頁，共45頁。1.Alotoftheworld’snaturalresourceslikeoilcomefrompoorcountries.A.環(huán)境B.資源C.汽油2.Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.A.帽子B.雨鞋C.眼鏡3.Mymomwasalittleheavy.AndIwasalmostasplumpasmymom.A.飽滿B.苗條C.強(qiáng)壯4.Childrenhaveschoolbagswithtwostrapstocarrythem.A.口袋B.肩帶C.紐扣Exercises:Choosetherightanswer.√√√√40第四十頁，共45頁。二.閱讀理解解題方法1.先看文章,再看試題.2.先看試題,然后帶著問題再看文章.(常用方法)

三.閱讀理解解題步驟1.掃讀:即快速閱讀,通覽全文.發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵句(特別要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的頭一句.2.細(xì)讀:集中精力研讀課文,分清文章體裁,把握文章中心和主要內(nèi)容,進(jìn)而掌握文章細(xì)節(jié)信息(五個W,who,what,when,where,why)3.查讀:認(rèn)真檢查,盡量減少答題錯誤.41第四十一頁，共45頁。

Mr.andMrs.Bellareveryforgetful.Forexample,Mr.BellsometimesgoestohisofficeforworkonSundaymorning,forhethinksitisMonday.AndMrs.Bellsome-timesforgettocooksupperforthefamily.

OnesummertheyplannedtoflytoNewYork