計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)自頂向下方法第三章英文課件

Chapter3:TransportLayerOurgoals:

understandprinciplesbehindtransportlayerservices:multiplexing/demultiplexingreliabledatatransferflowcontrolcongestioncontrollearnabouttransportlayerprotocolsintheInternet:UDP:connectionlesstransportTCP:connection-orientedtransportTCPcongestioncontrol1TransportLayerChapter3outline3.1Transport-layerservices3.2Multiplexinganddemultiplexing3.3Connectionlesstransport:UDP3.4Principlesofreliabledatatransfer3.5Connection-orientedtransport:TCPsegmentstructurereliabledatatransferflowcontrolconnectionmanagement3.6Principlesofcongestioncontrol3.7TCPcongestioncontrol2TransportLayerTransportservicesandprotocolsprovidelogicalcommunicationbetweenappprocessesrunningondifferenthoststransportprotocolsruninendsystemssendside:breaksappmessagesintosegments,passestonetworklayerrcvside:reassemblessegmentsintomessages,passestoapplayermorethanonetransportprotocolavailabletoappsInternet:TCPandUDPapplicationtransportnetworkdatalinkphysicalapplicationtransportnetworkdatalinkphysicalnetworkdatalinkphysicalnetworkdatalinkphysicalnetworkdatalinkphysicalnetworkdatalinkphysicalnetworkdatalinkphysicallogicalend-endtransport3TransportLayerTworklayernetworklayer:logicalcommunicationbetweenhoststransportlayer:logicalcommunicationbetweenprocessesrelieson,enhances,networklayerservicesHouseholdanalogy:12kidssendinglettersto12kidsprocesses=kidsappmessages=lettersinenvelopeshosts=housestransportprotocol=AnnandBillnetwork-layerprotocol=postalservice4TransportLayerInternettransport-layerprotocolsreliable,in-orderdelivery(TCP)congestioncontrolflowcontrolconnectionsetupunreliable,unordereddelivery:UDPno-frillsextensionof“best-effort”IPservicesnotavailable:delayguaranteesbandwidthguaranteesapplicationtransportnetworkdatalinkphysicalapplicationtransportnetworkdatalinkphysicalnetworkdatalinkphysicalnetworkdatalinkphysicalnetworkdatalinkphysicalnetworkdatalinkphysicalnetworkdatalinkphysicallogicalend-endtransport5TransportLayerChapter3outline3.1Transport-layerservices3.2Multiplexinganddemultiplexing3.3Connectionlesstransport:UDP3.4Principlesofreliabledatatransfer3.5Connection-orientedtransport:TCPsegmentstructurereliabledatatransferflowcontrolconnectionmanagement3.6Principlesofcongestioncontrol3.7TCPcongestioncontrol6TransportLayerMultiplexing/demultiplexingapplicationtransportnetworklinkphysicalP1applicationtransportnetworklinkphysicalapplicationtransportnetworklinkphysicalP2P3P4P1host1host2host3=process=socketdeliveringreceivedsegmentstocorrectsocketDemultiplexingatrcvhost:gatheringdatafrommultiplesockets,envelopingdatawithheader(laterusedfordemultiplexing)Multiplexingatsendhost:7TransportLayerHowdemultiplexingworkshostreceivesIPdatagramseachdatagramhassourceIPaddress,destinationIPaddresseachdatagramcarries1transport-layersegmenteachsegmenthassource,destinationportnumberhostusesIPaddresses&portnumberstodirectsegmenttoappropriatesocketsourceport#destport#32bitsapplicationdata(message)otherheaderfieldsTCP/UDPsegmentformat8TransportLayerConnectionlessdemultiplexingCreatesocketswithportnumbers:DatagramSocketmySocket1=newDatagramSocket(12534);DatagramSocketmySocket2=newDatagramSocket(12535);UDPsocketidentifiedbytwo-tuple:(destIPaddress,destportnumber)WhenhostreceivesUDPsegment:checksdestinationportnumberinsegmentdirectsUDPsegmenttosocketwiththatportnumberIPdatagramswithdifferentsourceIPaddressesand/orsourceportnumbersdirectedtosamesocket9TransportLayerConnectionlessdemux(cont)DatagramSocketserverSocket=newDatagramSocket(6428);ClientIP:BP2clientIP:AP1P1P3serverIP:CSP:6428DP:9157SP:9157DP:6428SP:6428DP:5775SP:5775DP:6428SPprovides“returnaddress”10TransportLayerConnection-orienteddemuxTCPsocketidentifiedby4-tuple:sourceIPaddresssourceportnumberdestIPaddressdestportnumberrecvhostusesallfourvaluestodirectsegmenttoappropriatesocketServerhostmaysupportmanysimultaneousTCPsockets:eachsocketidentifiedbyitsown4-tupleWebservershavedifferentsocketsforeachconnectingclientnon-persistentHTTPwillhavedifferentsocketforeachrequest11TransportLayerConnection-orienteddemux(cont)ClientIP:BP1clientIP:AP1P2P4serverIP:CSP:9157DP:80SP:9157DP:80P5P6P3D-IP:CS-IP:AD-IP:CS-IP:BSP:5775DP:80D-IP:CS-IP:B12TransportLayerConnection-orienteddemux:ThreadedWebServerClientIP:BP1clientIP:AP1P2serverIP:CSP:9157DP:80SP:9157DP:80P4P3D-IP:CS-IP:AD-IP:CS-IP:BSP:5775DP:80D-IP:CS-IP:B13TransportLayerChapter3outline3.1Transport-layerservices3.2Multiplexinganddemultiplexing3.3Connectionlesstransport:UDP3.4Principlesofreliabledatatransfer3.5Connection-orientedtransport:TCPsegmentstructurereliabledatatransferflowcontrolconnectionmanagement3.6Principlesofcongestioncontrol3.7TCPcongestioncontrol14TransportLayerUDP:UserDatagramProtocol[RFC768]“nofrills,”“barebones”Internettransportprotocol“besteffort”service,UDPsegmentsmaybe:lostdeliveredoutofordertoappconnectionless:nohandshakingbetweenUDPsender,receivereachUDPsegmenthandledindependentlyofothersWhyisthereaUDP?noconnectionestablishment(whichcanadddelay)simple:noconnectionstateatsender,receiversmallsegmentheadernocongestioncontrol:UDPcanblastawayasfastasdesired15TransportLayerUD口P:始m妄or除eof質(zhì)te沉n鑒us據(jù)ed淚f稿or招s蔽tr插ea除mi品ng駕m估ul穿ti輩me豬di券a獸ap骨pslo施ss益t跟ol燦er壘an暗tra煉te警s算en明si唐ti坑veot封he華r驕UD姨P愉us棄esDN賞SSN士MPre丙li紗ab哄le育t雅ra明ns恐fe杠r應(yīng)ov少er慘U枯DP炮:宋ad吹d傅re饒li堵ab私il架it箭y糞at書a蹲pp光li印ca頃ti上on燦l顧ay飛erap竊pl浸ic返at壁io瞧n-躲sp將ec熔if扒ic璃e暫rr土or圓r讓ec輪ov磚er無y!so涂ur軟ce接p爛or誓t競#de撲stpo土rt坑#32bi犯tsAp頭pl瓶ic帳at宵io噴nda震ta(m鋸es尿sa牽ge寨)UD蝦P賠se舅gm否en蓬t憑fo悼rm跌atle逝ng齊thch獅ec既ks扇umLe抽ng筍th伐,矮inby切te芝s桑of閥U稱DPse書gm綁en按t,in饞cl錯ud旨in請ghe蠟ad毛er16Tr脆an糧sp帝or斷t候La教ye建rUD開P敏ch覆ec匹ks興umSe橫nd搬er剛:tr帽ea惜t礎(chǔ)se修gm位en昏t嗽co尼nt孟en幣ts點a被s隔se個qu和en撤ce堂o誼f飲16罵-b股it疼i份nt依eg脫er落sch痕ec頂ks助um造:積ad揚di鏈ti檔on匠(罩1’氧s遣co經(jīng)mp勿le療me鴿nt猶s鉆um玻)獸of嶼s光eg頌me幫nt山c彩on傾te源nt祥sse摘nd鵲er落p孟ut食s拳ch腳ec慌ks魔um元v縮慧al獎ue錯i遲nt讓o炸UD濫P成ch語ec欠ks紅um橫f戀ie霉ldRe殺ce動iv膝er舒:co加mp緣瑞ut裂e近ch晃ec車ks視um謙o校f銷re搶ce法iv兵ed鞭s欲eg帖me思ntch茄ec棗k繡if瓜c椅om釘pu莊te丹d斑ch哈ec期ks艇um弊e玻qu銀al沫s蒸ch市ec退ks策um機f巖ie姻ld談v應(yīng)al嘉ue患:NO霞-隸e轟rr捕or右d票et猜ec其te迫dYE枕S幅-才no完e模rr牛or冷d姥et拘ec猶te粗d.Bu讀t蝕ma豎yb棕e叢er觸ro詠rs鍛n招on四et細he菊le肝ss眠?Mo使re款l兄at渾er交…隔.Go蔑al慰:de詞te依ct從“頂er待ro將rs焰”皂(e含.g瀉.,好f蓬li起pp易ed膛b芳it疾s)都i廈n袖tr謹an擠sm睛it堵te臨d券se毅gm特en存t17Tr劑an郊sp摟or陳t蚊La查ye馬rIn抬te仁rn杠et耐C拿he豆ck魚su隙m星Ex被am差pl邁eNo古teWh縱en黑a遣dd限in燥g件nu能mb樸er奏s,疊a迫c派ar衣ry殿ou途t睬fr政om淡t制he液m多os都t術(shù)si劑gn垃if歷ic宴an鏈t非bi獲t艦ne恒ed寫s炭to訂b擠e治ad維de漿d摩to昆t證he橋r捐es洽ul架tEx睜am詞pl強e:恰a欲dd億t求wo馳1魚6-晨bi撈t劑in錯te徐ge遙rs11重1存1短0狗0傳1御1敵0格0婆1驗1飄0夸0犯1朵1己011押1鞏0接1嫁0濁1淘0挎1累0槳1毀0酸1費0是1僅0承11象1命0顧1爬1品1送0致1釋1躍1陽0瓣1聚1譯1組0鎮(zhèn)1灘111紡0者1喇1購1按0副1少1粱1制0異1距1輔1搜1傭0鴨010把1住0稅0饅0堤1候0糞0價0厭1殖0架0銷0夜0顏1座1wr鄉(xiāng)豐ap乖ar維ou慣ndsu斯mch貓ec增ks寒um18Tr鄭an致sp旅or鴨t串La任ye劍rCh幻玉ap災(zāi)te胳r輪3窗ou謹tl熄in曉e3.隸1Tr蔬an活sp虎or慰t-漠la揀ye鴨r蟲se陰rv蘿ic五es3.煌2售Mu流lt耽ip塞le猾xi如ng刑a療ndde伍mu虎lt承ip縫le我xi醒ng3.村3豆Co程nn陽ec改ti旱on伙le朵ss啄t姓ra癥ns私po耕rt附:喬UD壤P3.趙4群Pr網(wǎng)in洲ci粘pl半es妨o鋤f什re極li蘿ab陸le層d醫(yī)at恒a勒tr細an添sf僵er3.鄙5Co交nn父ec乞ti叔on菌-o包ri構(gòu)en往te該d哈tr傅an趨sp稱or煙t:著T所CPse出gm礦en秀t跪st享ru荷ct碧ur科ere扎li慰ab個le香d境at妄a扶tr然an抵sf扶erfl渣ow春c董on滿tr摸olco呆nn頌ec糕ti金on嚇m貓an正ag肚em避en略t3.東6攔Pr氏in設(shè)ci追pl脹es棄o故f宋co氏ng湖es桐ti撓on獻c蹄on治tr魔ol3.掌7愚TC協(xié)P浮co煌ng賤es煤ti肉on承c唐on食tr戀ol19Tr妹an斬sp仇or狹t場La寶ye嘴rPr極in共ci社pl番es憑o閃f算Re土li留ab乏le國d塌at捷a辰tr叢an悠sf架erim翻po曬rt秋an追t根in即a喪pp唐.,咬t捆ra旁ns潤po峰rt扮,各li懇nk餃l灑ay忌er旬sto前p-雨10莫l辣is哈t嚴of掌i藍mp領(lǐng)or咽ta晴nt俯n流et算wo留rk虹in抗g岡to熱pi喝cs姥!ch豪ar煎ac鉤te姜ri哲st仇ic位s民of己u壇nr外el胳ia悅bl俗e餓ch覽an武ne輝l做wi槐ll藝d違et泊er皮mi怪ne析c丸om船pl伶ex尼it嗎y從of材r訴el肌ia種bl準(zhǔn)e恐da遲ta齡t賭ra黨ns藏fe夠r惱pr匹ot效oc成ol眨(rd莫t)20Tr請an語sp塵or孔t鎮(zhèn)La扯ye消rPr封in兇ci配pl輛es均o牢f薄Re浪li菌ab偽le鐮d偉at伏a敲tr末an旁sf旺erim托po濁rt箭an閥t籮in咳a獅pp允.,鋸t睛ra狂ns訪po無rt蓮,重li策nk武l汁ay葬er繡sto堵p-伸10辛l兆is岔t蝕of豈i哪mp濾or辦ta圾nt濕n瘡et位wo丑rk鋼in喚g樓to邁pi卡cs需!ch騾ar赴ac斗te栗ri廚st濕ic準(zhǔn)s桐of漿u佳nr川el疫ia昆bl捏e緒ch感an棕ne漸l閘wi供ll革d接et率er眨mi泡ne飛c努om役pl煮ex墾it炸y例of亦r叉el它ia經(jīng)bl煮e產(chǎn)da慈ta罪t軋ra嘩ns椒fe傘r罪pr員ot寨oc北ol偷(rd中t)21Tr思an卻sp請or攜t孩La沾ye念rPr愁in胡ci尿pl今es鍛o怕f支Re取li葛ab檔le碌d親at餃a援tr態(tài)an狂sf濕erim慮po雹rt匆an遺t查in所a篇pp變.,雪t忘ra稱ns眨po偽rt梨,叫l(wèi)i勤nk飛l羅ay流er照sto砌p-鈴10釀l混is跪t清of餃i職mp紫or桐ta倒nt配n包et拼wo黎rk臥in迫g隙to紙pi左cs誼!ch概ar孤ac蜓te疫ri餐st枝ic呈s倍of源u禾nr淋el掉ia藏bl惰e駕ch住an裙ne誕l摩wi系ll錫d旋et吸er抖mi愧ne也c費om沃pl嶼ex林it勇y暗of妨r貞el受ia譜bl剝e果da需ta棕t偵ra向ns油fe制r罵pr樓ot鞭oc掉ol桑(rd堤t)22Tr夠an甩sp驚or泡t匯La需ye勇rRe溉li閉ab構(gòu)le輩d危at宮a銜tr清an當(dāng)sf嫁er拆:寇ge幟tt婚in挪g繳st俗ar促te陡dse裹ndsi盡dere死ce更iv炭esi隊derdt_send():

calledfromabove,(e.g.,byapp.).Passeddatatodelivertoreceiverupperlayerudt_send():

calledbyrdt,totransferpacketoverunreliablechanneltoreceiverrdt_rcv():

calledwhenpacketarrivesonrcv-sideofchanneldeliver_data():

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