專八英語考試閱讀難點篇章練習

第頁共頁最新專八英語考試閱讀難點篇章練習更多精彩內(nèi)容請及時____應屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!TheAffectofElectricityonCancerCanelectricitycausecancer?Inasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpower,theveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecade,agrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectromagicfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettling,tosaytheleast,sinceeveryoneesintocontactwithsuchfields,whicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectrical,frompowerlinesandantennastopersonalputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimateortheworstkindofparanoia.NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheU.S.Enviro____entalProtectionAgency.Intheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreview,releasedindraftformlatelastweek,theEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgover____entwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence“suggestsacasuallink”betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagicfieldsthosehavingverylongwave-lengthsandleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer,WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobablecarcinogens,itdoesidentifythemon60-hertzmagicfieldas“apossible,butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”Thereportisnoreasontopanicoreventolostsleep.Ifthereisacancerrisk,itisasmallone.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhitHouse.Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon:Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,titgeneratesanelectromagicfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagicfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligauss,oraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagicfield,Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerlinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeter,butthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.Howcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdanger?Theconsensususedtobethattheycouldnot,andfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiation,likeX-rays,thatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such“ionizing”radiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.Butepidemiologicalstudies,whichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdata,donotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissues,amechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfound.1.Themainideaofthispassageis[A]studiesonthecauseofcancer[B]controversialview-pointsinthecauseofcancer[C]therelationshipbetweenelectricityandcancer.[D]differentideasabouttheeffectofelectricityoncaner.2.Theview-pointoftheEPAis[A]thereiscasuallinkbetweenelectricityandcancer.[B]electricityreallyaffectscancer.[C]controversial.[D]lowfrequencyelectromagicfieldisapossiblecauseofcancer3.WhydidthePentagonandWhitHouseobjecttothereleaseofthereport?Because[A]itmaystiragreatdealofdebateamongtheBushAdministration.[C]thePentagon’sconcernwasunderstandable.[D]theyhaddifferentarguments.4.Itcanbeinferredfromphysicalphenomenon[A]theforceoftheelectromagicfieldistooweaktobeharmful.[B]theforceoftheelectromagicfieldisweakerthantheelectricfieldthatthecellsgenerate.[C]electromagicfieldmayaffecthealth.[D]onlymorepowerfulradiationcanknockelectronoutofhumanbody.5.Whatdoyouthinkordinarycitizensmaydoafterreadingthedifferentarguments?[A]Theyareindifferent.[B]Theyareworriedverymuch.[C]Themayexerciseprudentavoidance.[D]Theyareshocked.答案詳解：1.D電力對癌癥影響的不同觀點。文章一開場就提出了“電會致癌嗎?”這個問題。十多年來，一大批科學家和新聞界人士都指出：研究結(jié)果似乎表示：接觸電磁場可能會增加患白血病和其他惡性腫瘤的危險性。所以說到目前為止還難以確定電力對安康的影響終究是理性的，還是杞人憂天。見難句注釋1。第二段公布了環(huán)保署的報告，見難句注釋3。第三段說明：即使有致癌危險也是極微的。但應予以認真對待，進展更多的研究。而第七段中空軍方面的科學家還沒有被說服(見難句注釋9)，明確提出，我們的評論員認為沒有跡象說明環(huán)境中存在的電力會誘發(fā)或促發(fā)癌癥。A.對致癌因素的研究。B.致癌原因方面有爭議的觀點，這兩項根本____，和文內(nèi)電力毫無關(guān)系。C.電力和癌癥的關(guān)系，文中涉及的是電力終究會不會致癌的兩種觀點，而不是兩者之關(guān)系。2.A.電和致癌有一定難以確定的關(guān)系。答案在第二段第三句，環(huán)保署目前的結(jié)論是據(jù)科學證據(jù)指出極低頻電磁場具有長波的電磁場和白血病，淋巴瘤及腦癌之間有著難以確定的聯(lián)絡，見難句注釋3。A.電確實致癌，不對。C.有爭議的。說的不夠清楚，爭議什么。D.低頻磁場是一個可能致癌因素。這只是論點的一面。3.B.現(xiàn)代軍事的任何部門都一直依賴于應用大量應用電子設(shè)備。五角大樓和白宮所以反對環(huán)保署公布報告之理由就在此?？哲姺矫娴膶＜宜哉f環(huán)保署方面的報告“歪曲了整個文件以證明兩者之間的關(guān)系”也在此。見難句注釋4。所以文內(nèi)說“角大樓的.關(guān)注是可以理解的。”A.報告會在布什政府內(nèi)引起大規(guī)模的辯論，這是結(jié)果。C.五角大樓的關(guān)注是可以理解的，這不是原因。D.他們有不同的觀點。4.磁場力太弱不會產(chǎn)生有害作用。答案在第四段第二，三句，當電流通過電纜，產(chǎn)生磁場，對周圍物體產(chǎn)生(影響)力。許多年來，科學家把任何有關(guān)“這些力可能有害的想法”置于一邊(不予考慮)，主要是因為它們(所產(chǎn)生的力)非常弱。B.磁場力比細胞產(chǎn)生的電磁場弱。只是明確指出的事實。C.磁場力對人的安康有害。不對。D.只有更強的輻射才能把人體中的電子擊出來。不對。5.C.他們會采取慎重小心避開電器的途徑。因為他們不可能象A項那樣漠不關(guān)心。這種問題直接影響人的生命。B.他們非常擔憂。D.他們感到震驚，這兩項都不可能，因為還在爭議中，唯一的途徑是盡量避開和電器接觸。詞匯：1.preposterous反常的，非常荒唐的，乖戾的2.leukemia白血病3.malignancy惡性腫瘤4.legitimate合法的，合理的5.paranoia偏執(zhí)狂，妄想狂。這里指：無根據(jù)的擔憂。6.lymphoma淋巴瘤7.carcinogen致癌物8.minuscule很小的，很不重要9.consensus言論10.wallop亂竄，猛沖，沖擊力11.epidemiological流行病學的12.blistering羅嗦的，胡扯的13.critique評論，批評14.imprimatur出版答應(官方審查后的)，批準難句譯注：1.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimateortheworstkindofparanoia.[參考譯文]由于這問題的證據(jù)還不是結(jié)論性的，而且常常是矛盾的，所以就難以斷定有關(guān)電力對身體的影響的顧慮是符合情理，還是毫無根據(jù)的疑心。2.EPAU.S.Enviro____entalProtectionAgency美國環(huán)境保護署3.Whilethereportfallsshort(缺乏，不夠)ofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobablecarcinogens,itdoesidentifythemon60-hertzmagicfieldas“apossible,butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”[參考譯文]雖然報告沒有把極低頻磁場歸類為可能致癌物，但它確實指出通常60赫茲的磁場是“一種雖尚未證實，但可能導致人患癌癥的因素?！?.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhitHouse[參考譯文]證據(jù)爭議性仍然很大，所以報告草案在布什政府內(nèi)引起宏大的爭辯，而環(huán)保署無視無角大樓和白宮的強烈反對，公布了這份報告。5.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.[參考譯文]這遠比細胞所產(chǎn)生的電磁場低的多。6....andfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiation,likeX-rays,thatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemol