美國文學(xué)選讀復(fù)習(xí)課件

美國文學(xué)選讀復(fù)習(xí)PPTBy@橙子不酸233題型：一、連線題（10’）作家、作品二、單選（30’）作品內(nèi)容、文學(xué)常識、流派、寫作技巧三、填空（40’）20個(gè)空，經(jīng)典文本的重點(diǎn)章節(jié)解讀。四、識別文本并評論（20’）1)RalphWaldoEmerson拉爾夫·華爾多·艾默生

超驗(yàn)主義哲學(xué)Transcendentalism；人文主義Humanism作品：①論自然Nature②論美國學(xué)者TheAmericanscholar③神學(xué)院致辭TheDivinityschooladdress④論文集Essays：FristSeries&.....Second⑤人類代表Representativemen⑥英國特征EnglishTraits⑦人生的行為theconductoflife⑧詩集Poems⑨五月節(jié)May-Dayandotherpieces1)RalphWaldoEmerson拉爾夫·華爾多·艾默生

《Self-reliance論自立》選自《Essays論文集》“不論在何處，社會總是陰謀反對每一個(gè)社會成員的陽剛之氣，...要想做一個(gè)男子漢，首先就要做一個(gè)拒絕隨波逐流的人。”懼怕輿論和強(qiáng)迫自己始終如一就只會使自己的創(chuàng)造力和獨(dú)創(chuàng)精神喪失殆盡。2）NathanielHawthorne納撒尼爾·霍桑心理分析小說（Psychologicalnovel）的開創(chuàng)者；浪漫主義作家Romanticism作品：范肖Fanshawe故事重述Twice-toldtales古宅青苔Mossesfromanoldmanse帶有七個(gè)尖角閣的房子thehouseofthesevengables福谷傳奇TheblithedaleRomance玉石雕像TheMarbleFaun紅字thescarletletter2）NathanielHawthorne納撒尼爾·霍?！維tyleandtheme】MuchofHawthome'swritingcentersaroundNewEngland,manyworksfeaturingmoralallegorieswithaPuritaninspiration.HisfictionworksareconsideredpartoftheRomanticMovementandmorespecifically,darkRomanticism.Histhemesoftencenterontheinherentevilandsinofhumanity,andhisworksoftenhavemoralmessagesanddeeppsychologicalcomplexity.2）NathanielHawthorne納撒尼爾·霍桑紅字：TheseverityofthePuritaniccodeoflawA--Adultery→angleable為什么女主把胸前的A繡得那么精美？1、loveforA2、Sheknowsthatshewasguilty,itmeanssin.人物：女主：HesterPrynne丈夫：ArthurChillingworth情人：RodgerDimmesdale女兒：Pearl“Thekingdomofheavenislikemerchantsinsearchoffinepearls;onfingdingonepearlofgreatvaluehewentandsoldallhehadandboughtit.”3）HermanMelville赫爾曼·梅爾維爾象征主義文學(xué)大師Symbolism①白鯨MobyDick②泰比Typee③歐穆Omoo④瑪?shù)豈ardi⑤雷德本Redburn⑥白外衣WhiteJacket⑦騙子的化裝表演Theconfidenceman⑧戰(zhàn)事集BattlePieces⑨約翰·瑪爾和其他水手JohnMarrandothersailors⑩提摩里昂Timoleon11\畢利伯德BillyBudd4）HenryDavidThoreau亨利·大衛(wèi)·梭羅超驗(yàn)主義代表人：Transcendentalism，itwasromanticidealismonPuritansoil.分為四個(gè)內(nèi)容1、oversoul、spiritualpower超靈2、TruimphofIntuitionoversenses3、exaltationoftheindividualoversociety4、newandthrillingdelightinnature作品：①論公民的不服從OnthedutyofCivilDisobedience②馬薩諸塞州的奴隸制③瓦爾登湖WaldenAmericanRenaissance--thefirstAmericanintellectualmovements,exertingatremendousimpactontheconsciousnessofAmericans.4）HenryDavidThoreau亨利·大衛(wèi)·梭羅Walden：瓦爾登湖setting：19thAm.Walden--aquietdwellingbesidealake,awayfromtheIndustrilizedAm,Plot:aself-sufficientliving--simple,free,closetonature,whole,healthy.Theme:agreenlife5)HenryWadsworthLongfellow亨利·沃茲沃斯·朗費(fèi)羅浪漫主義詩人Romanticism①夜吟VoicesoftheNight②歌謠及其他BalladsandOtherpoems③伊凡杰林Evangeline④海華沙之歌ThesongofHiawatha⑤Ishotanarrow我射出一支箭&Apsalmoflife人生頌5)HenryWadsworthLongfellow亨利·沃茲沃斯·朗費(fèi)羅--Romanticism

Ishotanarrow我射出一支箭&Apsalmoflife人生頌主題：Lifeisnotadream,seizethedaybutholdonyourpatience---“Learntolaborandtowait”.抑揚(yáng)格iambic（unstressed-stressed）四音步tetrameter6）EdgarAllanPoe埃德加·艾倫·坡【作者簡介】EdgarAllanPoewasanAmericanpoet,short-storywriter,editorandliterarycritic,andisconsideredpartoftheAmericanRomanticMovement.【Romanticism】isacomplexartistic,literaryandintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyinWesternEurope,andgainedstrengthduringtheIndustrialRevolution.Itwaspartlyarevoltagainstaristocratic,socialandpoliticalnormsoftheAgeofEnlightmentandareactionagainstthescientificrationalizationofnature,andwasembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts,musicandliterature.6）EdgarAllanPoe埃德加·艾倫·坡

詩歌：①《帖木兒》Tamerlaneandotherpoems②《艾爾·阿拉夫》Alaraaf③《詩集》Poems④《烏鴉》TheRaven⑤Sonnet-ToScience十四行詩，致科學(xué)6）EdgarAllanPoe埃德加·艾倫·坡

小說①述異集TalesoftheGrotesqueandArabesque②故事集Tales③厄舍大廈的倒塌ThefallofthehouseofUsher④紅色死亡假面舞會TheMasqueoftheRedDeath⑤莉蓋亞Ligeia⑥黑貓Theblackcat⑦阿芒提拉多的酒桶thecaskofAmontillado⑧莫格街謀殺案MurdersintheRueMorgue⑨被竊的信件ThePurloinedLetter⑩金甲蟲TheGoldBug理論11《創(chuàng)作哲學(xué)》Thephilosophyofcomposition12《詩歌原理》thepoeticprinciple6）EdgarAllanPoe埃德加·艾倫·坡Sonnet-ToScience十四行詩，致科學(xué)主題：?UnderthetraditionalShakespeareansonnetstructure,Poeexpresses

accusationsofscience.It'sspokenthroughthevisionofapassionatemanmourningthe

slaughterofmythology,fantasy,artbyitsallegedarchenemy,Science.Scienceisportrayedasevilandwordslike"preyest","Vulture",and"torn"areusedtodescribe

sciencenegativeimpactonmankind.抑揚(yáng)格五音步：iambicpentameter7)WaltWhitman沃爾特·惠特曼

自由詩（freeverse）創(chuàng)始人，人文主義者Humanism作品：①草葉集LeavesofGrass②我歌唱自我One’sselfIsing----freeman;Americanspirit主題：HumanisthewonderofChina8)EmilyDickinson艾米麗·迪金森Romanticism①Tomakeaprairie要描繪一片草原Theme：Imagination②Successiscountedsweetest

Theme：peopletendtodesiremoreacutelythingswhentheydon’thavethem.9)Mark·Twain馬克·吐溫鄉(xiāng)土特色（localcolor）；口語體發(fā)端人；批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義Criticalrealism①卡拉維拉縣馳名的跳蛙Thecelebratedjumpingfrogofcalaverascounty②傻瓜出國記TheInnocentsAbroad③鍍金時(shí)代TheGildedAge④湯姆·索亞歷險(xiǎn)記TheadventuresofTomSawyer⑤密西西比河上LifeonMississippi⑥哈克貝里·費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記TheadventuresofHuckleberryFinn⑦亞瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美國佬AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur’sCourt⑧傻瓜威爾遜ThetragedyofPudd’nheadWilson⑨敗壞了哈德萊堡的人ThemantahtcorruptedHadleyburg10、百萬英鎊TheMillionPoundNote10)StephenCrane斯蒂芬·克萊恩Realism①街頭女郎麥姬Maggie：thegirlofthestreets②紅色英雄勛章Theredbadgeofcourage③新娘來到黃天鎮(zhèn)ThebridecomestoYellowSky④藍(lán)色旅館TheBlueHotel⑤海上扁舟Theopenboat10)StephenCrane斯蒂芬·克萊恩-Realism

海上扁舟Theopenboat--notbesheltered寫作手法：自然主義和印象主義naturalism&impressionism人物：廚子Thecook、油工Theoiler、記者correspondent、船長captain

representingdifferenceclassesinsociety：leader、worker、intellectualandsoon.10)StephenCrane斯蒂芬·克萊恩-Realism

海上扁舟Theopenboat--·place：dingy-地球-small,crowded,ingreatdanger.onthesea-宇宙-roaring,tempestuous,dangerousandindifferent.·結(jié)局：Theoilerdied,whileotherssurvived.·主題:Natureisindifferent,butwehumanbeingscanbesympatheticandsupportiveandcaringtoeachother.10)StephenCrane斯蒂芬·克萊恩-Realism

8cigarsWhycigars？Whynotkeys?Coins?Pens?---Cigarsmoking-oneoftheearliesthobbieofmanenjoyment,blissofliving.Whythenumber8?Why4dryand4wet?---4-4:eachofthesurvivorswouldhave1dryand1wetcigar--Theirchanceofbeingsavedanddrownedishalfandhalf.8:resurrection11)SherwoodAnderson舍伍德·安德森

作品：著墨于人物內(nèi)心活動(dòng)與沖突1）WindyMcPherson'sson饒舌的麥克佛遜的兒子2）Winesburg俄亥俄州的溫斯堡鎮(zhèn)（小鎮(zhèn)畸人）4）Thetriumphoftheegg雞蛋的勝利4）前進(jìn)中的人們MarchingMen5）窮白人PoorWhite6）馬與人HorsesandMne7）多種婚姻ManyMarriage8）陰沉的笑聲DarkLaughter9）超越欲望BeyondDesire10）林中之死DeathintheWoods11)SherwoodAnderson舍伍德·安德森Thetriumphoftheegg--文體簡潔樸實(shí)，口語化Eggreferstomaterialandzero——nothing人物：I&father&mother&JoeKaneFatheristhevictimofAmeirican（Dollar）Dream.Motherisateacher,representingknowledge.·AmericnaDream（freedom，faithandwealth）→deterioratedAm.Dream（20C初，morematerialistic.）12)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--TheJazzAge爵士時(shí)代和迷惘一代流派代言人；TheJazzAge；TheLostGeneration作品：人間天堂Thissideofparadise漂亮的冤家Thebeautifulandthedamned姑娘們與哲學(xué)家們FlappersandPhilosophers.爵士樂時(shí)代的故事TalesoftheJazzAge夜色溫柔TenderistheNight崩潰TheCrack-up了不起的蓋茨比ThegreatGatsby12)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--TheJazzAge

TheJazzAge:1920sbeginningwiththeendofWWIin1919,endingwiththeGreatDepressionin1929.Roaringtwenties:Aperiodofsustainedeconomicprosperityinwhichjazzmusicanddancestylesbecamepopular.ThespiritoftheRoaringTwentieswasmarkedbyageneralfeelingofdescontinutyandabreakwithtraditions.12)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--TheJazzAgeTheinfluenceofJazz:torebelagainstthetraditionalcultureofpreviousgenerations.womensmokingcigarettes,freetalkaboutsex,andnewradioconcerts.Traditionalistswereagainstatwhattheyconsideredthebreakdownofmorality,promotingpromiscuity.12)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--TheJazzAgeTheGreatGatsby--

AportraitoftheJazzAgeortheRoaringTwenties人物：NickCarraway:AYalegraduate,aveteran,fromthemidwesttoNY,narratorJayGatsby:fromthemidwest,inNY,mysteriousmillionaire,bootleggingalcohol,indesperatelovewithDaisy(Crime-idealism)Daisy:frommidwest,marriedamillionaireinNY,attractive,shallow,self-absorbed.12)F.ScottFitzgerald菲茨杰拉德--TheJazzAge

主題：Fitzgerald"hascometobeassociatedwiththisconceptoftheAmericanDreammorethananyotherwriterofthe20thC."a"cautionarytaleofthedecadentdownsideoftheAmericandream"disillusionmentwiththeAmericanDream--life,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.exploringthetrailsandtribulationsofachievingthegreatAmericanDreamduringtheJazzAge.13）WilliamFaulkner威廉·?？思{作品：關(guān)注南方窮白人streamofconsciousness意識流作家大理石牧神TheMarbleFaun士兵的報(bào)酬Soldier'spay蚊群Mosquitoes喧囂與騷動(dòng)TheSoundandthefury我彌留之際AsIlaydying八月之光lightinAugust押沙龍，押沙龍！Absalom，Absalom！13）WilliamFaulkner威廉·?？思{

著名小說意識流

streamofconsciousness沙多里斯Sartoris村子TheHamlet小鎮(zhèn)TheTown大宅TheMansion燒牲口棚BarnBurning13）WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克納

燒牲口棚BarnBurning--人物：Sarty：theson，sufferfromtellingthetruth,andfinallyexposewhathisfatherdid.Harris:thefather,southernpoorwhite，refusetochange13）WilliamFaulkner威廉·?？思{

SouthernLiterature（literatureoftheAmericanSouth）南方文學(xué)isdefinedasAmericanliteratureabouttheSouthernUnitedStatesorbywritersfromthissouthernliteratureincludeafocusonacommonSouthernhistory,thesignificanceoffamily,asenseofconmmunityandone'srolewithinit,asenseofjustice,theregion'sdominantreligion(Christianity--seeProtestantism)andtheburdens/rewardsreligionoftenbrings,issuesofracialtension,landandthepromiseitbrings,asenseofsocialclassandplace,andtheuseoftheSoutherndialect.14)ErnestHemingway厄內(nèi)斯特·海明威作品：冰山原則TheIcebergTheory

迷惘的一代thelostgeneration代表作家永別了，武器Afarewelltoarms在我們的時(shí)代里InOurtime太陽照常升起Thesunalsorises喪鐘為誰而鳴ForWhomthebelltolls老人與海Theoldmanandthesea14)ErnestHemingway額內(nèi)斯特·海明威minimalisticstyle:Journalisticwriting,particularlyfornewpapers,focusesonlyoneventsbeingreported,omittingsuperfluousandextraneousmatter,focusingonsurfaceelememtswithoutexplicitlydiscussingtheunderlyingthemes.?14)ErnestHemingway額內(nèi)斯特·海明威

TheIcebergTheory(thetheoryofomission)isthewritingstyleofAmericanwriterErnestHemingway."Youcouldomitanythingifyouknewthatyouomittedandtheomittedpartwouldstrengthenthestoryandmakepeoplefeelsthmorethantheyunderstood.""Ifawriterofproseknowsenoughaboutwhatheiswritingabout,hemayomitthingsthathekonwsandthereader,ifthewriteriswritingtrulyenough,wilhaveafeelingofthosethingsasstronglyasthoughthewriterhadstatedthem.Thedignityofmovementofanicebergisduetoonlyone-eightofitbeingabovewater."15）20thCAmericanpoets①EzraPound埃茲拉·龐德意象主義Imagismwasamovementinearly20th-centuryAnglo-Americanpoetrythatfavoredprecisionofimageryandclear,sharplanguage.TheImagistsrejectedthesentimentanddiscursivenesstypicalofmuchRomanticandVictorianPoetry.Imagismcalledfordirectnessofpresentationandeconomyoflanguage,aswellasawillingnesstoexperimentwithnon-traditionalforms.15）20thCAmericanpoets①EzraPound埃茲拉·龐德作品：狂喜