四級快速閱讀

四級快速閱讀篇一：2022年英語四級快速閱讀解題技巧(精準(zhǔn))

英語四級快速閱讀解題技巧

首先要明白：快速閱讀的文章雖長〔1200字，仔細(xì)閱讀平均每篇330個字〕，但是從內(nèi)容上說，大都是通俗易懂的說明文，沒有學(xué)術(shù)色彩和思想深度；從語言上來說，遣詞造句都比擬簡單。所以，根本沒必要害怕。個人以為，快速閱讀應(yīng)該比仔細(xì)閱讀更容易拿分。

詳細(xì)答題步驟如下：

第一步：閱讀Skim(0.5分鐘–2分鐘)

1．分析大標(biāo)題〔BrainstormtheTitle〕〔5–10秒〕目的：調(diào)動腦細(xì)胞，主動預(yù)測文章內(nèi)容。

官方樣題Landfills的分析思路：land+fill=土地填埋，加了s,可能指多處填埋場地。在不認(rèn)識這個單詞的情況下〔漢譯：垃圾填筑地〕，能想到這一層就算漂亮。

2022年12月真題SixSecretsofHigh-EnergyPeople的分析思路：secrets：多數(shù)人不知道，一定新穎有趣；high-energypeople只能是指精力充分的人，不可能是X戰(zhàn)警。文章要告訴我們，那些人為什么精力充分，希望我們學(xué)習(xí)他們的秘訣。

2022年6月真題Highways的分析思路：為什么要修建公路？怎么修建？公路有哪些功能？存在哪些問題？一般說明文的寫作構(gòu)造都是如此：方案–成形–功能–問題。例如：結(jié)合國的起因–結(jié)合國的成立–結(jié)合國的運作–結(jié)合國的問題。

2．分析小標(biāo)題(TidytheSubtitles〕(20–25秒)目的：理解文章內(nèi)容，把握總體構(gòu)造。

官方樣題：

Sub1：HowMuchTrashIsGeneratedSub3：WhatIsaLandfill引進(jìn)主題，字?jǐn)?shù)增加，進(jìn)入重點。推理：landfill肯定是上面提到的一種垃圾處理方法

Sub4：ProposingtheLandfill

Landfill由新信息變成信息。關(guān)鍵字：Proposing方案、建議

Sub5：BuildingtheLandfill關(guān)鍵字：Building修建

注意：前一段講方案，這一段講修建，聯(lián)絡(luò)嚴(yán)密，可以合并

Sub6：WhathappenstoTrashinaLandfillSub7：HowIsaLandfillOperated然后，總結(jié)文章構(gòu)造，幫助答題時定位：第兩段引起話題，中間三段講建造，最后兩段講操作。提醒：整理小標(biāo)題的時候不要閱讀文章。

在個別情況下，文章沒有小標(biāo)題〔如2022年6月〕，這時須按以下順序閱讀全文：第一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句------以下每一段的第一句------最后一段的第一句和最后一句。這種方法，意味著已經(jīng)開始閱讀，所以花的時間要長一些，但應(yīng)該控制在兩分鐘之內(nèi)。

警告：不要一上來就看后面的問題，對文章沒有理解，后面的問題會讓你摸不著頭腦，增加挫折感。

第二步：審題〔前7道〕ExamineTidytheQuestions(1分鐘)

下面結(jié)合2022年12月的真題講講審題的竅門。我做這篇文章，閱讀完大小標(biāo)題之后，直接審題答題，根本不讀原文，不到一分鐘，前7道題全部命中。不是老瀟有多神，這里面有個原那么問題。什么原那么呢？就是主題原那么。也就是說：支持主題的，Yes；反對主題的，No；跑題的，NG。

而這篇文章的簡單之處就在于，第一步閱讀完畢后，我們對主題能有個明晰的把握，因為文章的傾向很明顯，就是勸我們注意調(diào)整生活中的點點滴滴，從而增強(qiáng)活力。

把這個主題抓在手里！抓牢了！我們要像叼著骨頭的餓狗一樣警覺，像趴在大便上的蒼蠅一樣不松口，就算暫時被趕走，也會立即重新著陸。主題，主題，主題，永遠(yuǎn)不要偏離主題！

下面是對各題的分析：

1．TheenergycrisisinAmericadiscussedheremainlyreferstoashortageoffossilfuels.

抓主語和謂語，迅速理解句子：能源危機(jī)指的是…記住：主語屬于信息，是你到原文定位用的，它是locator或

localizer。常見的locator有數(shù)字和專有名詞〔人名、地名、組織名、國名等〕。

Locator可不是關(guān)鍵詞〔keyword〕。所謂關(guān)鍵詞，就是你一句話讀完，直覺上感到它最肯定的判斷落在的那一兩個詞上。比方：瀟如風(fēng)是個好老師。直覺上，重點落在哪個詞上呢？是“好〞字吧？這個“好〞字，就是關(guān)鍵詞，你到原文查一查瀟如風(fēng)好還是不好就行了。這個“好〞字，就是出題點。

所以，不要顧慮主語，主語無條件存在。要去找關(guān)鍵詞，也就是出題點。出題點按頻率從高到低排列依次是：賓語、狀語、謂語、定語、表語。審題的時候，一句話讀完，立即就得把關(guān)鍵詞勾出來。上手一定要快。

這道題的出題點就是賓語ashortageoffossilfuels.把它下劃線。作者在問你，我這篇文章里提到的energycrisis指的是真的“能源〞嗎？是礦物燃料，比方說天然氣、煤或石油嗎？

當(dāng)然不是，閱讀完小標(biāo)題我們就能看出，文章主題是講人的，而不是講物的。所以，跟主題相左，No.

2．Peoplethesedaystendtolackphysicalenergy.

篇二：歷年英語四級快速閱讀真題及答案(2022-2022)

2022年6月英語四級快速閱讀真題及答案PartIIReadingprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-7,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNO)ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestion8-10,pletethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.ProtectYourPrivacyWhenJob-huntingOnline

Identitytheftandidentityfraudaretermsusedtorefertoalltypesofcrimeinwhichsomeonewrongfullyobtainsandusesanotherperson‘spersonaldatainsomewaythatinvolvesfraudordeception,typicallyforeconomicgain.

Thenumbersassociatedwithidentitytheftarebeginningtoaddupfastthesedays.ArecentGeneralAccountingOfficereportestimatesthatasmanyas750,000Americansarevictimsofidentitythefteveryyear.Andthatnumbermaybelow,asmanypeoplechoosenottoreportthecrimeeveniftheyknowtheyhavebeenvictimized.

Identitytheftis―anabsoluteepidemic,‖statesRobertEllisSmith,arespectedauthorandadvocateofprivacy.―It‘scertainlypickedupinthelastfourorfiveyears.It‘sworldwide.Itaffectseverybody,andthere‘sverylittleyoucandotopreventitand,worstofall,youcan‘tdetectituntilit‘sprobablytoolate.‖

Unlikeyourfingerprints,whichareuniquetoyouandcannotbegiventosomeoneelsefortheiruse,youpersonaldata,especiallyyoursocialsecuritynumber,yourbankaccountorcreditcardnumber,yourtelephonecallingcardnumber,andothervaluableidentifyingdata,canbeused,iftheyfallintothewronghands,topersonallyprofitatyourexpense.IntheUnitedStatesandCanada,forexample,manypeoplehavereportedthatunauthorizedpersonshavetakenfundsoutoftheirbankorfinancialaccounts,or,intheworstcases,takenovertheiridentitiesaltogether,runningupvastdebtsandmittingcrimeswhileusingthevictims‘names.Inmanycases,avictim‘slossesmayincludednotonlyout-of-pocketfinanciallosses,butsubstantialadditionalfinancialcostsassociatedwithtryingtorestorehisreputationinthemunityandcorrectingerroneousinformationforwhichthecriminalisresponsible.

AccordingtotheFBI,identitytheftisthenumberonefraudmittedontheInternet.Sohowdojobseekersprotectthemselveswhilecontinuingtocirculatetheirresumesonline1.Checkforaprivacypolicy.

Ifyouareconsideringpostingyourresumeonline,makesurethejobsearchsiteyourareconsideringhasaprivacypolicy,likeCareerBuilder.Thepolicyshouldspellouthowyourinformationwillbeused,storedandwhetherornotitwillbeshared.Youmaywanttothinktwiceaboutpostingyourresumeonasitethatautomaticallysharesyourinformationwithothers.Youcouldbeopeningyourselfuptounwantedcallsfromsolicitors(推銷員).

Whenreviewingthesite‘sprivacypolicy,you‘llbeabletodeleteyourresumejustaseasilyasyoupostedit.Youwon‘tnecessarilywantyourresumetoremainoutthereontheInternetonceyoulandajob.Remember,the

longeryourresumeremainspostedonajobboard,themoreexposure,bothpositiveandnot-so-positive,itwillreceive.

2.Takeadvantageofsitefeatures.

Lawfuljobsearchsitesofferlevelsofprivacyprotection.Beforepostingyourresume,carefullyconsideryourjobsearchobjectiveandthelevelofriskyouarewillingtoassume.

CareerBuilder,forexample,offersthreelevelsofprivacyfromwhichjobseekerscanchoose.Thefirstisstandardposting.Thisoptiongivesjobseekerswhoposttheirresumesthemostvisibilitytothebroadestemployeraudiencepossible.

Thesecondisanonymous(匿名的)posting.Thisallowsjobseekersthesamevisibilityasthoseinthestandardpostingcategorywithoutanyoftheircontactinformationbeingdisplayed.Jobseekerswhowishtoremainanonymousbutwanttosharesomeotherinformationmaychoosewhichpiecesofcontactinformationtodisplay.

Thethirdisprivateposting.Thisoptionallowsajobseekertopostaresumewithouthavingitsearchedbyemployers.PrivatepostingallowsjobseekerstoquicklyandeasilyapplyforjobsthatappearonCareerBuilderwithoutretypingtheirinformation.

3.Safeguardyouridentity.

CareerexpertssaythatoneofthewaysjobseekerscanstaysafewhileusingtheInternettosearchoutjobsistoconcealtheiridentities.Replaceyournameonyourresumewithageneric(泛指的)identifier,suchas―IntranetDeveloperCandidate,‖or―ExperiencedMarketingRepresentative.‖

Youshouldalsoconsidereliminatingthenameandlocationofyourcurrentemployer.Dependingonyourtitle,itmaynotbeallthatdifficulttodeterminewhoyouareoncethenameofyourpanyisprovided.Useageneraldescriptionofthepanysuchas―Majorautomanufacturer,‖or―Internationalpackagedgoodssupplier.‖

Ifyourjobtitleisunique,considerusingthegenericequivalentinsteadoftheexacttitleassignedbyyouremployer.

4.Establishandemailaddressforyoursearch.

Anotherwaytoprotectyourprivacywhileseekingemploymentonlineistoopenupanemailaccountspecificallyforyouronlinejobsearch.Thiswillsafeguardyourexistingemailboxintheeventsomeoneyoudon‘tknowgetsholdofyouremailaddressandsharesitwithothers.

Usinganemailaddressspecificallyforyoujobsearchalsoeliminatesthepossibilitythatyouwillreceiveunweleemailsinyourprimarymailbox.Whennamingyournewemailaddress,besurethatitdoesn‘tcontainreferencestoyournameorotherinformationthatwillgiveawayyouridentity.Thebestsolutionisanemailaddressthatisrelevanttothejobyouareseekingsuchassalesmgr2022@provider.

5.Protectyourreference.

Ifyourresumecontainsasectionwiththenamesandcontactinformationofyourreferences,takeitout.There‘snosenseinsafeguardingyourinformationwhilesharingprivatecontactinformationofyourreferences.

6.Keepconfidential(機(jī)密的)informationconfidential.

Donot,underanycircumstances,shareyoursocialsecurity,driver‘slicense,andbankaccountnumbersorotherpersonalinformation,suchasraceoreyecolor.Honestemployersdonotneedthisinformationwithaninitialapplication.Don‘tprovidethiseveniftheysaytheyneeditinordertoconductabackgroundcheck.Thisisoneoftheoldesttricksinthebook–don‘tfallforit.

注意：此局部試題請在答題卡1上作答。

1.RobertEllisSmithbelievesidentitytheftisdifficulttodetectandonecanhardlydoanythingtopreventit.

2.Inmanycases,identitytheftnotonlycausesthevictims‘immediatefinanciallossesbutcoststhemalottorestoretheirreputation.

3.Identitytheftisaminoroffenceanditsharmhasbeensomewhatoverestimated.

4.Itisimportantthatyourresumenotstayonlinelongerthanisnecessary.

5.OfthethreeoptionsofferedbyCareerBuilderinSuggestion2,thethirdoneisapparentlymoststronglyremended.

6.Employersrequireapplicantstosubmitverypersonalinformationonbackgroundchecks.

7.Applicantsareadvisedtousegenericnamesforthemselvesandtheircurrentemployerswhenseekingemploymentonline.

8.Usingaspecialemailaddressinthejobsearchcanhelppreventyourfromreceiving________.

9.Toprotectyourreferences,youshouldnotpostonlinetheir________.

10.Accordingtothepassage,identitytheftismittedtypicallyfor________.

參考答案

1.Y

2.Y

3.N.

4.Y.

5.NG

6.N

7.Y

8.unweleemails

9.namesandcontactinformation

10.economicgain

2022年12月英語四級快速閱讀真題及答

案

PartⅡRadingprehension(Skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepasssagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,pletethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

UniveraitiesBranchOut

Asneverbeforeintheirlongstory,universitieshavebeeinstrumentsofnational

petitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthat

moveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainand

maintainpetitiveadvantages.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforcefor

globalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.

Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebee

Moreself-consciousyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentire

rangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative

(合作的)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.

Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.0percent,from8000,000in1975to2.5millionin2994.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesidgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica‘sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.

Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,2000participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships(實習(xí))abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunityandprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.

Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalShanghai‘sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;

Xu‘sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconducingfromaword-classscientistandhisU.S.team.

Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledoftheworldintheworldinthemercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframeputerandintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheinternetinfrastructure(根底設(shè)施)andapplicationssoftwareof

the1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,and

Route128outsideBostonhaslonghousedpaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofhismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologypanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.

Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearchuniversitymodel.Mostpoliticianrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnational

Economicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2022,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationssincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeup

lostgroundiswele,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.

Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.Universities,andacorrespondingsurgeineollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericansuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelingtointernationalstudents.

MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation‘swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericanpetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.Theyfailtograspthatwelingforeignstudentsandlikeimmigrantsthroughouthistory-strengththenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbeeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍視)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewInstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelinginternationaluniversitystudents.

注意：此局部試題請在答題卡1上作答。

1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent–dayuniversitieshavebee

A.moreandmoreresearch-oriented

B.in-servicetrainingorganizations

C.morepopularizedthaneverbefore

D.apowerfulforceforglobalintegration

2.Overthepastthreedecades,theeollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreased

A.by2.5millionB.by800,000

C.atanannualrateof3.9percent

D.atanannualrateof8percent

3.IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-bornA.10%B.20%C.30%D.38%

4.HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareersA.Theyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomy

B.Theyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpolitics

C.TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogram

D.Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship

5.Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities‘globalizationis

A.Yale‘scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch

B.Yale‘shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojects

C.Yale‘sstudentexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutions

D.Yale‘sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworld

6.WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassageA.IthousesmanypaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard

B.ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftpany

C.ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity

篇三：英語四級快速閱讀專項訓(xùn)練(真題版附答案和詳解)

英語四級快速閱讀專項訓(xùn)練〔真題版附答案和詳解〕

PartⅡReadingprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,pletethesentencewiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

1.WhyIntegrityMatters

WhatIsIntegrityThekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachandeveryday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical(道德上的)standardsevenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.

Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandardslapse(缺失)ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.WhocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfairRiskyBusiness

Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision,makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedidandthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.

Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism(剽竊)mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct,Ignoranceisnotadefense.

"ButEverybodyDoesIt"

Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbut

managetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'retakingbyusingexcuses:"Everyoneelsedoesit.""I'mnothurtinganyone",or"Ireallyneedthisgrade."Excusescangetveryelaborate:"IknowI'mlookatanother'sexam,eventhoughI'msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI‘mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoicewe'remaking-andthatleadstobaddecisions.

Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryoreshoulder.Ifyou'dratherhideyouractions,that'sanindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.

EvaluatingRisks

Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmolatebenefitsandsimplyhaven'tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludea"O"onatestorassignment,an"F"intheclass,suspension(暫令停學(xué))ordismissal

fromschoolandaruinedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaroleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable(脆弱的)position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whic