職稱英語(yǔ)考試衛(wèi)生B短文補(bǔ)全試題輔導(dǎo)附答案

第頁(yè)共頁(yè)職稱英語(yǔ)考試衛(wèi)生B短文補(bǔ)全試題輔導(dǎo)附答案更多精彩內(nèi)容請(qǐng)及時(shí)____應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!AMemoryDrugIT’SDIFFICULTTOIMAGINEMANYTHINGSthatpeoplewouldwelemorethanamemory-enhancingdrug.____1____Furthermore,suchadrugcouldhelppeoplerememberpastexperiencesmoreclearlyandhelpusacquirenewinformationmoreeasilyforschoolandatwork.Asscientistslearnmoreaboutmemory,weareclosinginonthistantalizinggoal.1SomeofthemostexcitingevidenceesfromresearchthathasbuiltonearlierfindingslinkingLTP2andmemorytoidentifyagenethatimprovesmemoryinmice.____2____MicebredtohaveextracopiesofthisgeneshowedmoreactivityintheirNMDAreceptors，moreLTP，andimprovedperformanceonseveraldifferentmemorytaskslearningaspatiallayout3,recognizingfamiliarobjects，andrecallingafear-inducingshock.Ifthesebasicinsightsaboutgenes,LTP,andthesynapticbasisofmemorycanbetranslatedtopeopleandthatremainstobeseentheycouldpavethewayformemory-enhancingtreatments.____3____Asexcitingasthismaysound,italsoraisestroublingissues.Considerthepotentialeducationalimplicationsofmemory-enhancingdrugs.Ifmemoryenhancerswereavailable,childrenwhousedthemmightbeabletoacquireandretainextraordinaryamountsofinformation,allowingthemtoprogressfarmorerapidlyinschoolthantheycouldotherwise.Howwellcouldthebrainhandlesuchanonslaughtofinformation?Whathappenstochildrenwhodon’thaveaccesstothelatestmemoryenhancers?Aretheyleftbehindinschoolandasaresulthandicappedlaterinlife?____4____Imaginethatyouareapplyingforajobthatrequiresagoodmemory，suchasamanageratatechnologypanyorasalespositionthatrequiresrememberingcustomers’namesaswellastheattributesofdifferentproductsandservices.Wouldyoutakeamemory-enhancingdrugtoincreaseyourchancesoflandingtheposition?Wouldpeoplewhofeltunfortabletakingsuchadrugfindthemselvescutoutoflucrativecareeropportunities?Memorydrugsmightalsohelptakethestingoutofdisturbingmemoriesthatwewishwecouldforgetbutcan’t.4The2023hitmovieEternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMindtoldthestoryofayoungmanseekingjustsuchfreedomfromthepainfulmemoriesofaromanticbreakup.Asyouwillseeinthesectiononpersistencelaterinthechapter,emotionallyarousingeventsoftencreateintrusivememories,andresearchershavealreadymutedemotionalmemorieswithdrugsthatblocktheactionofkeyhormones.Shouldemergencyworkerswhomustconfronthorrifyingaccidentscenesthatcanburdenthemwithpersistingmemoriesbeprovidedwithsuchdrugs?Shouldsuchdrugsbegiventorapevictimswhocan’tforgetthetrauma?Memorydrugsmightprovidesomerelieftosuchindividuals.Butcouldtheyalsointerferewithanindividual’sabilitytoassimilateandetotermswithadifficultexperience?5____5____詞匯：tantalizing誘人的synaptic(解剖學(xué))突觸的steroid類固醇o(jì)nslaught大量lucrative有利可圖的hit(演出等)成功注釋：1.Asscientistslearnmoreaboutmemory,weareclosinginonthistantalizinggoal.隨著科學(xué)家們對(duì)記憶理解增多，我們正接近這一誘人的目的。2.LTP-SNMDA：(Long-termPotentiation)給突觸前纖維一個(gè)短暫的髙頻剌激后，突觸傳遞效率和強(qiáng)度增加幾倍且能持續(xù)數(shù)小時(shí)至幾天保持這種增強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)象。LTP發(fā)現(xiàn)海馬LTP可能是學(xué)習(xí)記憶的分子根底。1973年Bliss及其合作者，電刺激麻醉兔的內(nèi)嗅皮層，使海馬表層的穿通纖維興奮，可在齒狀回記錄到場(chǎng)電位。先用高頻電刺激幾秒鐘后，再用單個(gè)電刺激，記錄到的局部場(chǎng)電位幅度大大超過(guò)原先記錄的對(duì)照值，并可持續(xù)幾小時(shí)，幾天。這一現(xiàn)象稱為長(zhǎng)時(shí)程增強(qiáng)效應(yīng)(LTP)。1983年發(fā)現(xiàn)NMDA(N甲基一D門冬氨酸)受體通道復(fù)合體在LTP過(guò)程中起重要作用，進(jìn)一步深化了對(duì)LTP在大腦學(xué)習(xí)記憶中作用的理解。3.aspatiallayout：空間布局4.Memorydrugsmightalsohelptakethestingoutofdisturbingmemoriesthatwewishwecouldforgetbutcan’t：增強(qiáng)記憶藥對(duì)我們想忘記卻又不能的令人煩擾的記憶變得令人易于承受。takethestingoutof：使易于被承受;使令人感到愉快5.Butcouldtheyalsointerferewithanindividual’sabilitytoassimilateandetotermswithadifficultexperience?中的etotermswith：讓步;屈從練習(xí)：ALikesteroidsforbulkingupthemuscles,thesedrugswouldbulkupmemory.BAmemoryenhancercouldhelpeliminateforgettingassociatedwithaginganddisease.CWhatarethepotentialimplicationsofmemory-enhancingdrugsfortheworkplace?DWemayfindourselvesstrugglingwiththesekindsofquestionsinthenot-too-distantfuture.EThereisapillthatyoucouldtakeeverydaytoallowyoutoremembereverything.FThegenemakesaproteinthatassiststheNMDA2receptor，whichplaysanimportantroleinlong-termmemorybyhelpingtoinitiateLTP.答案與題解：1.B根據(jù)上一句的`“很難想象一種進(jìn)步人們記憶力的藥會(huì)受到人們吹捧”;下面應(yīng)該對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象做出解釋，即這種藥物有什么療效;而后一句的Furthermore這一指示詞起到了遞進(jìn)的作用，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明這種藥物的好處。Morethan：非常，極其，非常2.F前一句的【關(guān)鍵詞】：^p是gene、LTP和mice，它講的是有些令人興奮的證據(jù)是從研究中得出的;該研究基于早期連接LTP和記憶的發(fā)現(xiàn)，該結(jié)果確定了提髙老鼠記憶的基因;而后一句進(jìn)一步闡述這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，開頭的mice可以是一個(gè)