英語語言文學專業(yè)綜合英漢互譯文學欣賞命題英語作文2003答案

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國際關(guān)系學院英語語言文學專業(yè)

2003年碩士研究生入學考試一試題

英語語言文學專業(yè)綜合

本科目考試時間為3小時，總分150分

考生一律在答題紙上作答，在試題紙或底稿紙上答題無效

考試結(jié)束后，試題，答題紙，底稿紙不得帶出考場，違者按違犯考試紀律辦理

Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(40points)

Recentcommentatorsagreethattragedyasanartformhasundergoneanirrevocable

transformation.Somecriticsdatethischangeataroundthefirstdecadeofthe20thcentury,while

otherswouldhaveitbeginasfarbackastheeraofRacine.Inanycase,withayearortwoofeach

other,duringtheearly1960’sGeorgeSteinerwroteeloquentlyofthe“DeathofTragedy”,MartinEsslintellinglycoinedtheterm“TheatreoftheAbsurd”.Laterinthesamedecade,WalterKaufmanntookissuewithportionsofSteiner’sargumentandterminology,butneverthelessconcededthedeclineoftragedy,linkingthisdeclinetothesenseofdespairoccasionedbythehorrorsofmodernhistory.Similarly,GeoffreyBreretonagreedthatallcriticshaveexperiencedthesamerealdifficultyindecidingwhathappenedtodramatictragedyinthecentury.Tosumuptheviewsofthecriticscitedabove,itwouldbejusttosaythatwhilethereexistedacoherentnotionoftragedyamongthedramaticstagesoffifth-centuryAthens,ElizabethanEngland,andseventeenth-centuryFrance,thecontributionstotragedybyGoethe,Ibsen,ChekovandotherwriterssinceRacineareeitherproblematicortransitional,andduringthelastseventyyearsithasbeenatbestquestionableandatworstmerenominalismtoapplytheepithet“tragic”tomoderndramaticliterature.

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(40points)

大自然素來是生活在它懷抱里的人類歌吟的對象。自然的規(guī)律，自然的變化，自然的美景，在所有的口頭傳說和文字中都是詩化的，都是不可以驕橫的。最初，人類因?qū)ψ匀粺o知而驚異，進而也刺激出豐富的想象力，并致使神化的趨向。此后，看作熟的人類漸漸認識了自然，開始向自然索取并慢慢發(fā)展到企圖征服自然，而且愈演愈烈時，自然的友善與平衡，便碰到了粗暴的損壞，沙漠化的地域出現(xiàn)了，災(zāi)禍性的洪水到臨了，連空氣和水質(zhì)也常碰到污染，人類賴以生計的環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)在碰到損壞的同時也把人類進一步推向窘境，有位環(huán)境專家甚至發(fā)出這樣的警示：我們不要在瘋狂追求財富的最后，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己窮得連一杯清水都沒有了。

毫無疑問，人類太遲才認識到自然自己存在著一種友善與平衡。人類發(fā)現(xiàn)，過去和現(xiàn)在做的很多事情，早已組成了對自然的很多入侵和損壞；而當人類意識到自己也是自然的一部分時，人類自己早為此付出了巨大的代價。

現(xiàn)在，自然終于令人類理解了，要想把世界萬物圓滿地移交給后代后代，就必定對自然的所有生計基礎(chǔ)予以全面的保護，而有交往的保護需要全世界范圍的合作。這就是人類在發(fā)展中必定負有的特別責任。

WriteashortcommentinEnglishoneachofthefollowing(30points)

(1)

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouaremorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;Sometimestoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexdimm’d;

Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,

Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d;Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade

NorshallDeathbragthouwand’restinhisshade,

Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st.

Solongasmencanbreathoreyescansee,

Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.

(2)

Tobegin,thenwithShakespeare.Hewasthemanwhoofallmodern,andperhapsancientpoets,hadthelargestandmostcomprehensivesoul.AlltheimagesofNaturewerestillpresenttohim,andhedrewthem,notlaboriously,butluckily;whenhedescribesanything,youmorethanseeit,youfeelittoo.Thosewhoaccusehimtohavewantedlearning,givehimthegreatercommendation:hewasnaturallylearn’d.Icannotsayheiseverywherealike;wereheso,Ishoulddohiminjurytocomparehimwiththegreatestofmankind.Heismanytimesflat,insipid;hiscomicwitdegeneratingintoclenches,hisseriousswellingintobombast.Butheisalwaysgreat,whensomegreatoccasionispresentedtohim,nomancansayheeverhadafitsubjectforhiswit,anddidnotthenraisehimselfashighasabovetherestofpoets.TheconsiderationofthismadeMr.HalesofEatonsay,thattherewasnosubjectofwhichanypoeteverwrit,buthewouldproduceitmuchbettertreatedofinShakespeare;andhoweverothersarenowgenerallypreferredbeforehim,yettheagewhereinhelived,whichhadcontemporarieswithhimFletcherandJohnson,neverequaledthemtohimintheiresteem:andinthelastking’scourtwhenBen’sreputationwasathighest,SirJohnSuckling,andwithhimthegreaterpartofthecourtiers,setourShakespearefarabovehim.

AsforJohnson,ifwelookuponhimwhilehewashimself,Ithinkhimthemostlearnedandjudiciouswriterwhichanytheatreeverhad.Onecannotsayhewantedwit,butratherthathewasfrugalofit.Inhisworksyoufindlittletoretrenchoralter.IfIwouldcomparehimwithShakespeare,Imustacknowledgehimthemorecorrectpoet,butShakespearethegreaterwit.ShakespearewastheHomer,orfatherofourdramaticpoets;JohnsonwastheVirgil,thepatternofelaboratewriting;Iadmirehim,butIloveShakespeare.

Writeacompositionofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic(40points)BooksandMan

參照答案

國際關(guān)系學院英語語言文學專業(yè)

2003年碩士研究生入學考試一試題

英語語言文學專業(yè)綜合

本科目考試時間為3小時，總分150分

考生一律在答題紙上作答，在試題紙或底稿紙上答題無效

考試結(jié)束后，試題，答題紙，底稿紙不得帶出考場，違者按違犯考試紀律辦理

Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(40points)

Recentcommentatorsagreethattragedyasanartformhasundergoneanirrevocable

th

otherswouldhaveitbeginasfarbackastheeraofRacine.Inanycase,withayearortwoofeach

other,duringtheearly1960’sGeorgeSteinerwroteeloquentlyofthe“DeathofTragedy”,MartinEsslintellinglycoinedtheterm“TheatreoftheAbsurd”.Laterinthesamedecade,WalterKaufmanntookissuewithportionsofSteiner’sargumentandterminology,butneverthelessconcededthedeclineoftragedy,linkingthisdeclinetothesenseofdespairoccasionedbythehorrorsofmodernhistory.Similarly,GeoffreyBreretonagreedthatallcriticshaveexperiencedthesamerealdifficultyindecidingwhathappenedtodramatictragedyinthecentury.Tosumupthe

viewsofthecriticscitedabove,itwouldbejusttosaythatwhilethereexistedacoherentnotionoftragedyamongthedramaticstagesoffifth-centuryAthens,ElizabethanEngland,andseventeenth-centuryFrance,thecontributionstotragedybyGoethe,Ibsen,ChekovandotherwriterssinceRacineareeitherproblematicortransitional,andduringthelastseventyyearsithasbeenatbestquestionableandatworstmerenominalismtoapplytheepithet“tragic”tomoderndramaticliterature.

參照譯文

悲劇作為一種藝術(shù)形式，經(jīng)歷了排山倒海的變化，近來的議論家們都認同這一見解。一些評

論家認為悲劇的改革始于20世紀的第一個十年，而其他人則將之遠溯至拉辛那個時期。無論人們堅持哪一種見解，20世紀60年代初，喬治·史泰納著和馬丁·哀斯琳用了一兩年的時間

分別寫出《悲劇之死》和《荒唐的戲劇》。在稍晚一些時候，瓦爾特·考夫曼對史泰納的見解和

術(shù)語提出了異議，但他認同了悲劇的衰落，而且他將悲劇的衰落與現(xiàn)代歷史中各種懼怕行為所帶

來的絕望情緒聯(lián)系起來。同樣的，吉奧弗里·布里頓也贊成，所有的議論家們在認定本世紀悲劇所發(fā)生的變化方面都碰到了同樣的難題。將上面各議論家的見解綜合起來，我們可以這樣說，在

五世紀的雅典，伊麗莎白時代的英格蘭和十七世紀的法國，人們對悲劇的認識是一脈相承的。與

此同時，歌德，易卜生，契科夫和其他拉辛此后的作家對悲劇的貢獻要么是難以猜想，要么是起

到一個過渡的作用。而且在緊接著的七十年里，悲劇說得好聽點是出了點問題，說得不好聽，可是是把“悲劇”這一名號加在現(xiàn)代戲劇文學上而已。

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(40points)

大自然素來是生活在它懷抱里的人類歌吟的對象。自然的規(guī)律，自然的變化，自然的美

景，在所有的口頭傳說和文字中都是詩化的，都是不可以驕橫的。最初，人類因?qū)ψ匀粺o知而驚異，進而也刺激出豐富的想象力，并致使神化的趨向。此后，看作熟的人類漸漸認識了自然，開始向自然索取并慢慢發(fā)展到企圖征服自然，而且愈演愈烈時，自然的友善與平衡，便碰到了粗暴的損壞，沙漠化的地域出現(xiàn)了，災(zāi)禍性的洪水到臨了，連空氣和水質(zhì)也常碰到污染，人類賴以生計的環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)在碰到損壞的同時也把人類進一步推向窘境，有位環(huán)境專家甚至發(fā)出這樣的警示：我們不要在瘋狂追求財富的最后，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己窮得連一杯清水都沒有了。

毫無疑問，人類太遲才認識到自然自己存在著一種友善與平衡。人類發(fā)現(xiàn)，過去和現(xiàn)在做的很多事情，早已組成了對自然的很多入侵和損壞；而當人類意識到自己也是自然的一部分時，人類自己早為此付出了巨大的代價。

現(xiàn)在，自然終于令人類理解了，要想把世界萬物圓滿地移交給后代后代，就必定對自然的所有生計基礎(chǔ)予以全面的保護，而有交往的保護需要全世界范圍的合作。這就是人類在發(fā)展中必定負有的特別責任。

參照譯文

Naturehaslongbeenthethemeofeulogyofhumanbeingswholivewithinit.Itslaws,changesandbeautifulsceneriesarepoeticandholyinalloralandwrittenlegends.Attheverybeginning,humanbeingsarecuriousaboutnatureastheyknewlittleaboutit.Consequently,ampleimaginationwasstimulatedandthentendedtodeifythenature.Later,maturedhumanbeingsbegantoaskforsomethingfromnatureandeventriedtoconqueritastheyknewmoreandmoreaboutit.Asthesituationintensified,theharmonyandequilibriumofnaturewererudelydemolished.Thereexisteddesertificationandcatastrophicflood.Evenairandwaterwerepolluted.Theenvironmentwhichwedependonlivingwasdeterioratingandhumanbeingswereheadingtowardplightandchaos.Anenvironmentalistevenwarnedus:whileweareinsanelypursuingfortunes,weintheendmightdiscoverthatweareevendeprivedofacupofcleanwater.

Undoubtedly,humanbeingsfinallyrealizedthatharmonyandequilibriumexistwithinthenature

whenit’stoolate.Theyalsofoundoutthatwhattheyhavedoneandwhattheyaredoinghavealreadycausedhugedestructiontothenature;whentheydiscoveredthey’realsoapartofthenature,humanbeingshavesacrificedalot.Now,naturetaughthumanbeingsalesson:theymustfullyprotectitbeforetheyhanddownanintactnaturetothefuturegeneration.Andaneffectiveprotectionneedsaworldwidecooperation.Andthisisthespecialresponsibilitythathumanbeingshavetobearonthecourseofdevelopment.

WriteashortcommentinEnglishoneachofthefollowing(30points)

(1)

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?

Thouaremorelovelyandmoretemperate:

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,

Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;

Sometimestoohottheeyeofheavenshines,

Andoftenishisgoldcomplexdimm’d;

Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,

Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimm’d;

Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade

NorshallDeathbragthouwand’restinhisshade,

Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st.

Solongasmencanbreathoreyescansee,

Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.

Answer:ItisoneofthemostfamoussonnetsofShakespeare.Andit’scontributedtoayoungmanwhowasknownasMr.W.H.,anobleman.Inthissonnet,Shakespeareisconcernedabouttheeffectofpassingtimeontheyoungman.Hesaysthatthoughhisfriendmaygrowoldandlosehisbeauty,hewillbeimmortalizedinthesonnetsthatShakespearewroteforhim.

(2)

Tobegin,thenwithShakespeare.Hewasthemanwhoofallmodern,andperhapsancientpoets,hadthelargestandmostcomprehensivesoul.AlltheimagesofNaturewerestillpresenttohim,andhedrewthem,notlaboriously,butluckily;whenhedescribesanything,youmorethanseeit,youfeelittoo.Thosewhoaccusehimtohavewantedlearning,givehimthegreatercommendation:hewasnaturallylearn’d.Icannotsayheiseverywherealike;wereheso,Ishoulddohiminjurytocomparehimwiththegreatestofmankind.Heismanytimesflat,insipid;hiscomicwitdegeneratingintoclenches,hisseriousswellingintobombast.Butheisalwaysgreat,whensomegreatoccasionispresentedtohim,nomancansayheeverhadafitsubjectforhiswit,anddidnotthenraisehimselfashighasabovetherestofpoets.TheconsiderationofthismadeMr.HalesofEatonsay,thattherewasnosubjectofwhichanypoeteverwrit,buthewouldproduceitmuchbettertreatedofinShakespeare;andhoweverothersarenowgenerallypreferredbeforehim,yettheagewhereinhelived,whichhadcontemporarieswithhimFletcherandJohnson,neverequaledthemtohimintheiresteem:andinthelastking’scourtwhenBen’sreputationwasathighest,SirJohnSuckling,andwithhimthegreaterpartofthecourtiers,setourShakespearefarabovehim.

AsforJohnson,ifwelookuponhimwhilehewashimself,Ithinkhimthemostlearnedandjudiciouswriterwhichanytheatreeverhad.Onecannotsayhewantedwit,butratherthathewasfrugalofit.Inhisworksyoufindlittletoretrenchoralter.IfIwouldcomparehimwithShakespeare,Imustacknowledgehimthemorecorrectpoet,butShakespearethegreaterwit.ShakespearewastheHomer,orfatherofourdramaticpoets;JohnsonwastheVirgil,thepatternofelaboratewriting;Iadmirehim,butIloveShakespeare.

Answer:ThisshortarticleisalsoconcerningaboutShakespearewhoinheartsofwritersinyoungergenerationhasbecomeaninsurmountablegenius.ToaccentShakespeares’importanceaswellas

greatness,theauthorsetoutmanyexamplesandevenmadeacomparisonbetweenShakespeareandBenJohnson.Allthesecomplimentsareaimedatonething:emphasizingthegreatnessofShak