河北省張家口宣化一中高三英語上學期階段測試試題（三）

河北省張家口宣化一中2021屆高三英語上學期階段測試試題（三）一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共分）ASummerLeadershipProgramsforHighSchoolStudentsDoyouseeyourselfasaleader???????？Strongleadershipskillsareagreatwaytosetyourselfapartonacollegeapplicationaswellasinyourfuturecareer.Belowarefoursummerprogramsthatwillgiveyouaheadstartonimprovingyourleadershipabilities.

TheBrownLeadershipInstitute

BrownUniversity'spre-collegesummerprogrammingincludesTheBrownLeadershipInstitute,amonth-longleadershiptrainingsessionforhighschoolstudents.Theprogramaimstoapplyleadershipskillstosocialissues.Throughcasestudies,discussionsanddebates,studentsexaminecomplicatedglobalissuesandlearntocomeupwitheffectivesolutions.

StudentsTodayLeadersForever

StudentsTodayLeadersForever,anationalnon-profitstudentleadershipassociation,offersthislive-insummerexperienceforhighschoolstudents.Studentsparticipateinleadershipworkshopsandteam-buildingactivitieswithafocusonorganization,teamwork,communication,andanoverallcommitmenttoeffectingpositivechange.Therearetwosix-daysessionshostedonthecampusesofHamlineUniversity.

LeadershipintheBusinessWorld

Risinghighschoolseniorsinterestedinexploringundergraduatebusinessadministrationandleadershipareencouragedtoapplytothisprogram,sponsoredeverysummerbytheWhartonSchooloftheUniversityofPennsylvania.Thetwo-weekprogramisofferedatbothofWharton'scampusesinSanFranciscoandPhiladelphia.

NationalStudentLeadershipConference

Thisprogramoffersafive-daycourseonMasteringLeadership.Itincludesaseriesofworkshopsthatemphasizethe"PillarsofEffectiveLeadership"????????????????????，includinggoal-setting,groupbrainstorming,teambuilding,people-convincingcommunication,andcommunityservice,aswellastakingfieldtrips,meetingwithleadershipprofessionals,andcompletingadayofserviceinthelocalcommunity.Datesandlocationsvary.WhatcanstudentsdointheprogramofferedbyBrownUniversity??????????？______A.Meetwithleadershipprofessionals.

B.Participateincommunityservice.

C.Analyzedifficultworldissues.

D.Takeseveralfieldtrips.WhichprogramislocatedatHamlineUniversity'scampuses???????？______A.StudentsTodayLeadersForever.

B.TheBrownLeadershipInstitute.

C.LeadershipintheBusinessWorld.

D.NationalStudentLeadershipConference.Howlongdoestheprogramfocusingonbusinessadministrationlast?????????？______A.Fivedays. B.Twelvedays. C.Twoweeks. D.Onemonth.BThegendergapinmaths-relatedsubjectsisobvious.Inalmostallcountries,farfewerwomenthanmenchooseSTEM????????????????（理工科）careers.

It'snotthatgirlsandwomenarebadatmaths.IntheUKin2019?????????????，forexample,39%of18-year-oldgirlswhostudiedmathsatA-levelachievedanAorA*????????????，comparedto42%ofboys.ForA-levelphysics,29%ofgirlsachievedthetoptwogrades,comparedto28%ofboys.Butinbothsubjects,boysheavilyoutnumberedgirls-bymorethan3????????????????????：1inthecaseofphysics.Sowhyaresomanygirlsturningtheirbacksonthesesubjects???????????????？

AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalPNASsuggeststhattheanswermayinfactlieinmale-femaledifferencesinacademicability,buttheabilityinquestionisreading,notmaths.ThomasBreda??????????????????????????????，atParisSchoolofEconomics,andClotildeNapp,atParisDauphineUniversity,wonderedwhetherthismale-femaledifferenceinreadingcouldhelpexplainthegendergapinSTEMcareers.Everythreeyears,hundredsofthousandsof15-year-oldsinmorethan60countriestakepartinthePISAstudy.Studentscompletetestsinmaths,readingandscience,andanswerquestionsabouttheirfuturecareerintentions.WhenBredaandNapplookedatthedatafromPISA2012????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????，theyrealizedtheywereontosomething.

"Thereweresmallgendergapsinmathsperformanceat15yearsold,butthesegapsweretoosmalltoexplainthehugegendersegregation?????????????????????（隔離）inSTEM?，"saysBreda.Butforreading,thetableswereturned??????；thegirlsweremuchbetterthantheboys.Asaresult,whenaboyandagirlhadsimilarscoresinmaths,thegirlusuallyhadanevenbetterscoreinreading.

WhenBredaandNappcomparedeachstudent'sscoresinreadingandmaths,theyfoundthegreaterastudent'sadvantageinreading,thelesslikelytheyweretoplanacareerinmaths,evenwhentheirmathsscorewasalsohigh.Notably,thiswastrueforbothboysandgirls.

"Itmakesalotofsense,"saysSarahCattan,oftheInstituteforFiscalStudies."Itshowsthatwhatmattersmostwhenboysandgirlschoosetheirfieldofstudyisnothowgoodtheyareinmathsorinreading,buthowgoodtheyareinmathsrelativetoreading."WhatdothedatainParagraph2show?????？______A.Theaveragegenderdifferenceinmathsperformanceissmall.

B.Thosewhoaregoodatmathsarealsogoodatphysics.

C.Physicstendstobeeasierforgirlsthanmaths.

D.Girlsarenotbetterthanboysatmaths.AccordingtoBredaandNapp,whoismostlikelytoplanacareerinmaths?????????????？______A.Tomwhosemathsisworsethanreading.

B.Lisawhosemathsisbetterthanreading.

C.Lilywhosereadingisbetterthanmaths.

D.Jackwhosereadingisasgoodasmaths.AccordingtoSarahCattan,whatdostudentsvaluemuchwhenmakingfurtherstudychoices????????????？______A.Theircomparativestrengthinsteadofabsoluteability.

B.Theirgenderadvantagesinaspecificacademicfield.

C.Theirfuturejoblandingpossibilityinanindustry.

D.Theirparticularinterestinacertainsubject.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext???????？______A.WhyarewedrawntoSTEMcareers??????？

B.Areboysworseatreadingandwriting??????？

C.Whyaregirlsbadatmaths-relatedsubjects??????？

D.Aregoodreadersmorelikelytogiveupmaths????????？CIt'shardfordoctorstodoathorougheyeexamonsmallchildren.Butanewsmartphoneapptakesadvantageofparents'fondnessfortakingpicturesoftheirchildrentolookforsignsthatachildmightbedevelopinganeyedisease.

Theappistheresultofafather'sfive-yearquesttofindawaytocatchtheearliestsignsofeyediseases,andpreventlossofvision.Fiveyearsago,doctorsdiagnosed?????????????????????????????（診斷）NoahShaw'sretinoblastoma-araretypeofeyecancer-whenhewas4monthsold.Tomakethediagnosis,thedoctorsshinedalightintoNoah'seye,andgotapalereflectionfromthebackoftheeyeball,anindicationthattherewassomethingwrongthere.Noah'sfatherBryan,ascientist,wonderedifhecouldseethatsamepalereflectioninpicturesofhisbabyson.Sureenough,hesawthereflection,whichdoctorscall"whiteeye"?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????，inapicturetakenrightafterNoahwasborn.

ThenBryandecidedtocreateanappthatcouldscanphotosforsignsofthisreflection.Now,thatappexists,calledCRADLE???????????????????．Totesttheapp,Bryanandhiscolleaguesanalyzedmorethan50?????????，000picturestakenof40children.Halfhadnoeyediseaseandhalfhad."Onaverage,theappdetected'whiteeye'inpicturescollected1.3yearsbeforediagnosis,"saysBryan.

Theappisn'tperfect.Itsometimesmisses"whiteeye"whenit'sthere,andsometimessaysit'stherewhenit'snot.Thatlatterconditionisaproblem.Eventhoughtheso-calledfalsepositiveoccurslessthan1%ofthetime,that'snotgoodenough.Thereareabout4millionchildrenbornintheU?????????????????????????????????????????．S．eachyear.A1%falsepositiveratewouldmeantensofthousandsofchildrenshowingupatthedoctorunnecessarily.

Still,Bryanisupbeataboutthepromiseoftheapp."Thisisexcitingnewtechnology,andthisishowIthinkwe'regoingtogoaboutscreeningforanumberofdiseasesinthefuture,"hesays.WhatinspiredBryantocreateCRADLE?????？______A.Hisson'sdiagnosis.

B.Hisfamilyphotos.

C.Hishobbyoftakingpictures.

D.Hisworkingexperienceasascientist.Whatdoweknowabout"whiteeye"?????？______A.Itisasignofsomeeyediseases.

B.Ithardlycausesseriouslossofvision.

C.Itreferstothewhitepartofaneyeball.

D.Itoccurswhennolightisreflectedfromtheeye.Whyisa1%falsepositiveratestillaproblem???????？______A.Itmaydelaythetreatmentofapatient.

B.Itmaybadlyaffectthefutureoftheapp.

C.Itmayraiseseriousdoubtsaboutdoctors.

D.Itmaycauseawasteofmedicalresources.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"upbeat"inthelastparagraph????????????？______A.Curious. B.Cautious. C.Optimistic. D.Worried.DAutismSpectrumDisorder??（ASD）（孤獨癥）isadisabilitythatcancauseserioussocial,communicationandbehavioralproblems.ThereisoftennothingabouthowpeoplewithASDlookthatmakesthemdifferentfromotherpeople,butpeoplewithASDmaycommunicate,interact,behave,andlearninwaysthataredifferentfrommostotherpeople.Thelearning,thinking,andproblem-solvingabilitiesofpeoplewithASDcanrangefromprettygoodtoextremelybad.SomepeoplewithASDneedalotofhelpintheirdailylives????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????；othersneedless.

PeoplewithASDoftenhaveproblemswithsocial,emotional,andcommunicationskills.Theymightrepeatcertainbehaviorsandmightnotwantchangeintheirdailyactivities.ManypeoplewithASDmayalsohavedifficultieslearning,payingattention,orreactingtothings.SignsofASDbeginduringearlychildhoodandprobablylastthroughoutaperson'slife.

Diagnosing?（診斷）ASDcanbedifficultsincethereisnomedicaltest,likeabloodtest,toassessthedisorders.Doctorslookatthechild'sbehavioranddevelopmenttomakeajudgement.ASDcansometimesbediagnosedat18monthsoryounger.Byage2??????????????????????????????????，anexperienceddoctorcanbeconsideredveryreliableindiagnosingASD??????????．However,manychildrenmaynotseeadoctoruntilmucholder.

ThereiscurrentlynocureforASD???????．However,researchshowsthatearlytreatmentservicescanimproveachild'sdevelopment.Earlytreatmentserviceshelpchildrenfrombirthto3yearsold??????????????????（36months）learnimportantskills.Therefore,itisimportanttotalktoyourchild'sdoctorassoonaspossibleifyouthinkyourchildhasASDorotherdevelopmentalproblems.

WedonotknowallofthecausesofASD??????????．However,mostscientistsagreethatgenesareoneofthehighestriskfactorsthatcanmakeapersonmorelikelytodevelopASD?????????????????????．

IfyouthinkyourchildmighthaveASDoryouthinktherecouldbeaproblemwiththewayyourchildplays,learns,speaks,oracts,contactyourchild'sdoctor,andshareyourconcerns.Ifyou'renotsurewhotocontact,calltheEarlyChildhoodTechnicalAssistanceCenter?????????????????????????????????????????（ECTA）at919-962-2001．OrvisittheECTAwebsite????：https：//.WhichofthefollowingbehaviorsmayNOTbelongtothechildrenoradultswithASD??????????????？______A.Repeatingactionsoverandoveragain.

B.Havingtroubleexpressingtheirneeds.

C.Avoidingeyecontactandwanttobealone.

D.Beinghappytomakechanges.Whatcanweinferfromthearticle??????？______A.TheearlieranASDkidisdiagnosed,thebetteritisforhis???????????（her）treatment.

B.DoctorssimplyhavenowaytodiagnoseanASDkidatall.

C.DoctorscandiagnoseASDbybloodtesting.

D.DoctorscandiagnoseASDwiththehelpofmachines.WhoismostlikelytobeanASDpatientofthefollowingpeople????????????？______A.Someonewhopreferstotalkalotindailylife.

B.SomeonewhohasgotanASDbrother.

C.Someonewhowantstohugyouinpublic.

D.Someonewhosingsinastrangevoice.Whereisthisarticlepossiblyfrom?????？______A.Aguidebookfornewparents.

B.Educationsectionofanewspaper.

C.Astudent'sdiary.

D.Amedicalmagazine.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共分）Here'sanimaginaryquestionforyou?????：wouldyouratherleaveyourhomecountryandneverbeallowedtoreturn,orneverleaveyourhomecountryeveragain???????????????????？

It'sadifficultone!Let'sconsiderthebeautyofbeingathomeandthethrilloftravelling.Ileftmyhomecountry,Germany,whenIwasseventomovetoEnglandwithmyfamily.Nowattheageof21??????????????????????????????????，I'veleftmysecondhomecountry,England,toworkasanEnglishlanguageassistantinSwitzerland.(1)

●Newfriends.

Idon'tknowaboutyou,butIlovegettingtoknownewpeople.Movingabroadistheperfectopportunitytoextendyourfriendshipcircleandmakeitglobal.(2)They'llalsobeabletogiveyouanewperspectiveonlifeastheysharetheirviewoftheworld-whichislikelytobeverydifferentfromyourown!Timetoopenyourmindandseetheworldanew.

●(3)

Youmaylearnalanguageintheclassroomenvironmentandlearnitwell,butnothingcomparestofullyburyingyourselfintoaforeignlanguage,participatinginreal-lifeconversationsandpickingupauthenticslangandsayingsfromthelocals.(4)

●Food,gloriousfood!

Theworldhassomuchtoofferwhenitcomestofood,somakethemostofthisnewculturalexperienceandletyourstomachguideyou.Whynottrysomethingcompletelynew???????????????????????????????？Tinglethosetastebuds.(5)Perhapsyoucansurpriseyourfriendsbackhomewithyournew-foundcookingskillswhenyouseethemnext.

A．Theopportunitytomasteranewlanguage.

B．Theadvantageofmasteringanewlanguage.

C．Isitalwaysanexcitingexperiencemovingabroad???????？

D．Evenbetterstill,letthelocalsteachyouhowtomakeit.

E．Youalsofullyexperiencetheculturetiedtothelanguage.

F．Thesenewfriendswillshowyouthemostfunthingstodoinyournewhome.

G．Whatarethebenefitsofleavingthehomecountryforanewadventureabroad?????????????？

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共分）It's"BABYDAY"attheChartwellRiverparkseniors'residence?????（住所）inOttawa.EulahJohnson,90??，never(21)thetwice-monthlyevent.

Today,Johnsonsitsonasofaandsmilesatababysittingontheseatofherwalker.Afterafewmoments,thegirl(22)toplaywiththedozenorsoothersmallchildren(23)togetherwith20ofJohnson'sfellowresidents.Asthe(24)eatsnacksanddrinkteaorcoffee,theiryoungguestscrawl?????????（爬行）around,drawincolouringbooks,batballoonsbackandforthorsleepinthearmsofdelightedresidents.

BabiesWhoVolunteer,bringingthese(25)together,istheinspiredideaofJessicaTurner.Duringa???????（n）(26)withherbabydaughterAmeliatoafriend'smother,whowaslivinginalong-term-carecenter,peoplegatheredaroundAmelia,wantingtoplaywithher.Shewasmost(27)bytheresponseofherfriend'smother??????：shehadn'tspokenintwoyears,butwithAmeliainherlap,shebegansinging.

Turnerwenthomeandimmediatelyputouta(28)onamoms'Facebookgroup???：wouldanyonebeinterestedin(29)seniors'residenceswiththeirbabies???？OnehundredWomenquicklysaidyes.Ayearlater,therearenow1?????????，500volunteers.

Everyonebenefitsfromintergenerationalprogrammes.Thisplaygroupis(30)forthemothers,too.They'regivingsomethingtothecommunity,whichprovidesa(31)ofpurposeandbelonging.Itcanreally(32)someonewhoisfeelingalone.

Local(33)isgrowing?：theChildren'sHospitalofEasternOntarioFoundation,(34)，hasdonated$25?，000．Withthehelpofcharitabledonations,Turnerhopestoexpandprogrammingfrombabyvisitstohavingschoolkidscommunicatingwith(35)penfriends,andseniorsteachingkidshowtobake.

A.affords B.selects C.creates D.misses

A.turnsup B.skipsoff C.makesup D.showsoff

A.mixed B.replaced C.covered D.compared

A.guests B.waiters C.seniors D.kids

A.prediction B.generations C.evidence D.organizations

A.interview B.argument C.visit D.move

A.surprised B.embarrassed C.scared D.disappointed

A.signal B.story C.call D.policy

A.settingup B.droppingby C.cleaningup D.takingover

A.free B.ready C.true D.good

A.list B.system C.sense D.copy

A.help B.reward C.find D.warn

A.demand B.pressure C.economy D.interest

A.attimes B.forexample C.afterall D.bychance

A.awkward B.hungry C.elderly D.innocent四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共分）DuststormsonMarsaren'tallaboutdust-theyarealsofull(1)water.AsatelliteorbitingMarshastakenthemost(2)（detail）measurementsyetofhowtheserareeventstrapwater,whichmayhelpexplain(3)happenedtothewaterthatusedtobeabundantontheRedPlanet.

In2018?，thelargestrecordedduststormcircledtheentireMartianglobesothicklythatit(4)（hide）thesurfacefromthesun.TheExoMarsTraceGasOrbiterwatchedthisstormfromorbit.JustbeforesunsetandjustaftersunriseonMars,itexaminedtheatmosphere(5)（determine）howtheduststormabsorbedsunlight.

By(6)（analyse）thedata,scientistsfoundthatjustbeforethestorm,therewerewater-icecloudsintheatmosphere,butnowatervapour????????????????（水蒸氣）morethan40kilometresabovethesurface.Thischangedafewdayslater(7)watervapourappearedat(8)（altitude）of40and80kilometres,seeminglyreplacingthewater-iceclouds.

This(9)（probable）occursbecausethedustabsorbsheat,warminguptheatmosphereandmakingitcirculatemorestrongly,which(10)（prevent）theformationoficeclouds.Theduststormspuffup????????（使膨脹）theatmosphere,makingiteasierforgasesincludingwatervapourtoescapeintospace,sothiscouldhelptoexplainhowMarsbecamesodry.五、書面表達（本大題共2小題，共分）假定你是學生會主席李華，你校將舉行"用英語講中國故事"比賽，請你給留學生Mike寫一封電子郵件邀請他參加，內(nèi)容包括：

1．比賽的時間和地點；

2．比賽的意義；

3．報名方式．

注意：

1．寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；

2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3．請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答．

DearMike,

----------

Yours,

LiHua閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文．

Theyoungboysawme,orrather,hesawthecarandquicklyranuptome,eagertosellhisbunchesofbananasandbagsofpeanuts.Thoughheappearedtobeabouttwelve,heseemedtohavealreadyknownthebitternessoflife."Bananas300naira????????????????????????????????????????（aunitofcurrencyinNigeria?????）．Peanuts200naira."Hesaidinalowvoice.Ibargainedhimdownto200totalsforthefruitandnuts.Whenheagreed,Ihandedhima500nairabill.Hedidn'thavechange,soItoldhimnottoworry.Hesaidthanksandsmiledarowofperfectteeth.

When,twoweekslater,Isawtheboyagain,Iwasmoreawareofmypositioninasocietywhereit'snotthatuncommontoseealittleboywhoshouldbeinschoolstandingonthecornersellingfruitintheburningsun.Myparentshadraisedmetobeawareoftheadvantagewehadbeenaffordedandtheresponsibilityitbroughttous.

Ipulledoverandrolleddownmywindow.Hehadabunchofbananasandabagofpeanutsready.Iwavedthemaway."What'sup???????????????????????？"Iaskedhim.

"I?…Idon'thavemoneytobuybooksforschool."Ireachedintomypocketandhandedhimtwofresh500nairabills."Willthishelp????????????????????？"Iasked.Helookedaroundnervouslybeforetakingthemoney.Onethousandnairawasalotofmoneytosomeonewhosefamilyprobablymadeabout5??????????????????????，000nairaorlesseachyear."Thankyou,sir."hesaid."Thankyouverymuch!"

Whendrivinghome,Iwonderedifmylittlefriendactuallyusedthemoneyforschoolbooks.Whatifhe'sacheat??????????????????？AndthenIwonderedwhyIdidit.DidIdoittomakemyselffeelbetter???????????????？WasIusinghim???？

注意：1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；

2．請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答．

Later,IrealizedthatIdidn'tknowhisnameortheleastbitabouthim,nordidIthinktoask.---------

Asilencefellaswelookedateachother.----------答案1.【答案】【小題1】C【小題2】A【小題3】C

【解析】（1）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThebrownLeadershipInstitute介紹部分，Throughcasestudies,discussionsanddebates,studentsexaminecomplicatedglobalissuesandlearntocomeupwitheffectivesolutions.通過案例研究、討論和辯論，學生們研究復雜的全球問題，并學會提出有效的解決方案?？芍?，參加與該項目的學生會研討復雜的國際問題，結(jié)合選項，故選C。

（2）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)StudentsTodayleadersForever介紹部分，ThereareTwosix-daysessionshostedonthecampusesofHamlineUniversity.在哈姆林大學的校園里有兩個為期六天的會議?？芍?，StudentsTodayLeadersForever???這個項目的活動地址是在哈姆林大學，結(jié)合選項，故選A。

（3）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LeadershipintheBusinessWorld介紹部分，Risinghighschoolseniorsinterestedinexploringundergraduatebusinessadministration.對探索本科工商管理感興趣的新興高中畢業(yè)生；以及Thetwo-weekprogramisofferedatbothofWharton'scampuses.沃頓商學院的兩個校區(qū)都提供為期兩周的課程。結(jié)合選項，故選C。

本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了四個旨在提升高中生領導力的夏令營活動。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

4.【答案】【小題1】A【小題2】B【小題3】A【小題4】D

【解析】（1）A．細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"IntheUKin2019，forexample,39%of18-year-oldgirlswhostudiedmathsatA-levelachievedanAorA*，comparedto42%ofboys."（例如，在英國，2019年，學習A-level數(shù)學的18歲女孩中，39%獲得A或A*，而男孩的這一比例為42%。）可知男女的數(shù)學成績差異很小，男孩42%，女孩39%。故選A項。

（2）B．推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段"WhenBredaandNappcomparedeachstudent'sscoresinreadingandmaths,theyfoundthegreaterastudent'sadvantageinreading,thelesslikelytheyweretoplanacareerinmaths,evenwhentheirmathsscorewasalsohigh.Notably,thiswastrueforbothboysandgirls."（當布雷達和納普比較了每個學生的閱讀和數(shù)學成績時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)學生在閱讀方面的優(yōu)勢越大，他們就越不可能在數(shù)學方面規(guī)劃職業(yè)生涯，即使他們的數(shù)學成績也很高。值得注意的是，男孩和女孩都是如此。）可知在閱讀方面優(yōu)勢越大的男孩和女孩越不可能在數(shù)學方面規(guī)劃職業(yè)生涯，反之，閱讀不好的男孩和女孩可能在數(shù)學方面規(guī)劃職業(yè)生涯，可推斷出如果麗莎的數(shù)學比閱讀好，她可能在數(shù)學方面謀劃職業(yè)生涯。故選B項。

（3）A．細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段""Itmakesalotofsense,"saysSarahCattan,oftheInstituteforFiscalStudies."Itshowsthatwhatmattersmostwhenboysandgirlschoosetheirfieldofstudyisnothowgoodtheyareinmathsorinreading,buthowgoodtheyareinmathsrelativetoreading.""（"這很有意義，"財政研究所的莎拉?卡坦說它表明，當男孩和女孩選擇他們的學習領域時，最重要的不是他們在數(shù)學或閱讀方面有多好，而是他們在數(shù)學方面相對于閱讀有多好。"）可知學生在做進一步學習選擇時最看重的是他們在數(shù)學方面相對于閱讀的能力，而不是絕對能力。故選A項。

（4）D．標題歸納題。文章講的是男女在學習能力上的差異，與閱讀能力有關，而不是與數(shù)學能力有關，學生在閱讀方面的優(yōu)勢越大，他們就越不可能在數(shù)學方面規(guī)劃職業(yè)生涯，即使他們的數(shù)學成績也很高，所以D項"好的閱讀者更愿意放棄數(shù)學嗎？"符合文意，最適合作文章標題。故選D項。

這是一篇說明文。文章講述了一項研究表明，男女在學習能力上的差異，與閱讀能力有關，而不是與數(shù)學能力有關，學生在閱讀方面的優(yōu)勢越大，他們就越不可能在數(shù)學方面規(guī)劃職業(yè)生涯，即使他們的數(shù)學成績也很高。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。

8.【答案】【小題1】A【小題2】A【小題3】D【小題4】C

【解析】（1）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Theappistheresultofafather'sfive-yearquesttofindawaytocatchtheearliestsignsofeyediseases,andpreventlossofvision.Fiveyearsago,doctorsdiagnosed????????????????????????????（診斷）NoahShaw'sretinoblastoma-

araretypeofeyecancer-whenhewas

4

monthsold.??????????這個應用程序是一位父親五年來一直在尋找一種方法來發(fā)現(xiàn)眼病的早期征兆，并防止視力下降的結(jié)果。五年前，醫(yī)生診斷諾亞?肖的視網(wǎng)膜母細胞瘤--他4個月大時的一種罕見的眼癌。

以及第三段中的ThenBryandecidedtocreateanappthatcouldscanphotosforsignsofthisreflection.???????????????然后布賴恩決定創(chuàng)建一個應用程序，可以掃描照片，尋找這種反射的跡象?？芍?，Bryan的兒子被診斷出視網(wǎng)膜母細胞瘤。診斷過程給予了Bryan靈感，使他決心開發(fā)一款能檢測眼疾的應用程序。故選A.

（2）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Tomakethediagnosis,thedoctorsshinedalightintoNoah'seye,andgotapalereflectionfromthebackoftheeyeball,anindicationthattherewassomethingwrongthere.???????????????????????????為了做出診斷，醫(yī)生們用一盞燈照射諾亞的眼睛，從眼球后面反射出蒼白的光，這表明那里出了什么問題。以及hesawthereflection,whichdoctorscall"whiteeye".可知，為了做出診斷，醫(yī)生把一束光照到Noah的眼睛上，結(jié)果從他的眼球后部反射出白光，這個白光反射就叫做"whiteeye"，這表明他的眼睛出了問題。由此可知，"whiteeye"是一些眼疾的癥狀。故選A.

（3）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Thatlatterconditionisaproblem.以及A1%falsepositiveratewouldmeantensofthousandsofchildrenshowingupatthedoctorunnecessarily.??可知，假陽性是指眼睛本身沒有問題，但是CRADLE的檢測表明有問題。這個錯誤率即使是百分之一。但是由于每年新生兒眾多，百分之一的錯誤率也會導致成千上萬兒童去看醫(yī)生，這原本是沒有必要的，故推知是一種醫(yī)療資源的浪費。故選D.

（4）C.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Thisisexcitingnewtechnology,andthisishowIthinkwe'regoingtogoaboutscrechingforanumberofdiscasesinthefuture可知.Bryan對CRADLE這款應用程序的未來還是很"樂觀的"。故選C.

本文是說明文。文章介紹了一款可檢測眼疾的應用程序。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。

12.【答案】【小題1】D【小題2】A【小題3】B【小題4】D

【解析】（1）D．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段Thelearning,thinking,andproblem-solvingabilitiesofpeoplewithASDcanrangefromprettygoodtoextremelybad.SomepeoplewithASDneedalotofhelpintheirdailylives；othersneedless.自閉癥患者的學習、思考和解決問題的能力可以很好，也可以很差。有些ASD患者在日常生活中需要很多幫助，有些則不需要。第二段PeoplewithASDoftenhaveproblemswithsocial,emotional,andcommunicationskills.Theymightrepeatcertainbehaviorsandmightnotwantchangeintheirdailyactivities.ManypeoplewithASDmayalsohavedifficultieslearning,payingattention,orreactingtothings.自閉癥患者通常在社交、情感和溝通技巧方面存在問題。他們可能會重復某些行為，并不想改變他們的日?；顒印ＴS多患有ASD的人也可能在學習、集中注意力或?qū)κ挛镒龀龇磻矫嬗欣щy?？梢钥闯鯝BC都屬于患有ASD的行為，故選D.

（2）A．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段ThereiscurrentlynocureforASD.However,researchshowsthatearlytreatmentservicescanimproveachild'sdevelopment.Earlytreatmentserviceshelpchildrenfrombirthto3yearsold（36months）learnimportantskills.Therefore,itisimportanttotalktoyourchild'sdoctorassoonaspossibleifyouthinkyourchildhasASDorotherdevelopmentalproblems.目前還沒有治愈ASD的方法。然而，研究表明，早期治療服務可以改善兒童的發(fā)展。早期治療服務幫助從出生到3歲（36個月）的兒童學習重要的技能。因此，如果你認為你的孩子有ASD或其他發(fā)育問題，盡快和你孩子的醫(yī)生談談是很重要的。由此可以推斷，越早發(fā)現(xiàn)自閉癥，越早接受治療，效果越好，故選A.

（3）B．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段WedonotknowallofthecausesofASD.However,mostscientistsagreethatgenesareoneofthehighestriskfactorsthatcanmakeapersonmorelikelytodevelopASD.我們并不知道自閉癥的所有病因。然而，大多數(shù)科學家一致認為，基因是使人更容易患自閉癥的最高風險因素之一。由此可知有患自閉癥兄弟的人更有可能患ASD，故選B。

（4）D．推理判斷題。文章主要介紹孤獨癥，也是自閉癥，講述患自閉癥人的特點，治療和控制的最佳時期，以及感染風險高的人等等。因此文章的主題就是和自閉癥病人有關的，所以這篇文章最有可能來自醫(yī)學雜志，故選D.

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹孤獨癥，也是自閉癥，講述患自閉癥人的特點，治療和控制的最佳時期，以及感染風險高的人等等。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

16.【答案】【小題1】G【小題2】F【小題3】A【小題4】E【小題5】D

【解析】（1）G．聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)前文Nowattheageof

21????，I'veleftmysecondhomecountry,England,toworkasanEnglishlanguageassistantinSwitzerland.?????????????現(xiàn)在我21歲了，我離開了我的第二個祖國，英國，到瑞士做英語助理?？芍珿．離開祖國去國外探險有什么好處。符合語境，故選G

（2）F．推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文

Idon'tknowaboutyou,butIlovegettingtoknownewpeople.Movingabroadistheperfectopportunitytoextendyourfriendshipcircleandmakeitglobal.?????????????????????????我不知道你的情況，但我喜歡了解新的人。出國旅行是擴展你的友誼圈并使之成為全球性的絕佳機會?？芍現(xiàn)．這些新朋友將向你展示在新家里最有趣的事情。符合語境，故選F．

（3）A．推理判斷題。根據(jù)后文Youmaylearnalanguageintheclassroomenvironmentandlearnitwell,butnothingcomparestofullyburyingyourselfintoaforeignlanguage,participatinginreal-lifeconversationsandpickingupauthenticslangandsayingsfromthelocals.???????????????????????????????????你可以在課堂環(huán)境中學習一門語言，并且學得很好，但沒有什么能比得上把自己完全融入一門外語，參與現(xiàn)實生活中的對話，從當?shù)厝四抢飳W到地道的俚語和俗語?？芍珹．掌握一門新語言的機會。符合語境，故選A．

（4）E．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前文Youmaylearnalanguageintheclassroomenvironmentandlearnitw