動(dòng)詞不定式用法及練習(xí)匯編

學(xué)習(xí)-----好資料動(dòng)詞不定式用法及練習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定動(dòng)式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，它沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)，但可以作除謂語(yǔ)之外的其它任何句子成分（主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)）；動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時(shí)還保持動(dòng)詞的某些特點(diǎn)，既可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式和它的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。一、 構(gòu)成：todo.否定式 nottodo二、 常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)：一般時(shí) todo 進(jìn)行時(shí) tobedoing完成式tohavedone完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing三、動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中的成分1、作句子的主語(yǔ)：現(xiàn)實(shí)中常用 it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式（或短語(yǔ)）后置。比較下列句子Tolearnfromyourfriendsisimportant.=Itisimportanttolearnfromyourfriends.Toleavewithoutsayinggoodbyeisimpolite.=Itisimpolitetoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.句型總結(jié) Itis+adj.+ofsb.todo = sb.is\are+adj.+todo在以某些表示人的品質(zhì)、特征等的形 容詞（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式之前常加一個(gè)引起的短語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明不定式指的是誰(shuí)的情況。（可以理解為某人的好，壞，聰明，愚蠢，對(duì)，錯(cuò)等等）Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.It ’snotpoliteofhimtospeaktooldpeoplelikethat.Itis+adj.+forsb.todo≠ sb.is\are+adj.+todo如果要說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，則在不定式前加一個(gè) for引起的短語(yǔ)，即不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。Itisnecessaryforustostudyhard.ItiseasyforhimtospeakEnglish.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday.A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(甘肅省)2.It'shardforus_________Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。Itwill_________theworkersoverayear__________________theflyover.( 北京市海淀區(qū))It'sverynice_________youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，to2、作句子的表語(yǔ)：不定式放在 be動(dòng)詞后面，用作表語(yǔ)如：Herdreamistobeapoliceman.Myjobistohelpthepatient.Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.Thebestwayistotalktoyourparents.HisplanistotraveltoBeijingthissummer.Mypurposeistohelpyousolvethisproblem.3、作句子的賓語(yǔ)：不定式放在及物動(dòng)詞后，用作賓語(yǔ)。能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（及物）很多，常見(jiàn)的有want,like,hate,wish,hope,prefer,try,ask,start,begin,decide,learn,choose,agree,expect,remember,forget,plan,decide,wouldlike,need,choose,agree,promise,refuse,setout,manage,pretend,更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)-----好資料Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Theybegantoreadandwrite.Sheforgottoclosethedoor.HewantedtoborrowmyCDplayer.IhopetospeakEnglishwell.有些動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但含義不同：forgettodosth.忘記要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事stoptodosth.停下來(lái)去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事goontodosth.繼續(xù)做另一件事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做原來(lái)在做的事needtodosth.需要做某事needdoingsth.需要被做Don’tforgetoturnoffthelightsbeforeleaving.Thisbikeneedsrepairing/mending.注意1：動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)如帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則要把不定式放在后面，用it作形式主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+it+賓補(bǔ)（形容詞、名詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.IfounditimportanttolearnEnglish.Ifonditdifficulttolearnphysics.注意2：常用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有want,ask,tell,order,get,wish,allow,invite,teach,encourage,beg,等。構(gòu)成“vt,+sb.+(not)todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)。Theteachertoldustoreadthetext.Heaskedmenottotellyouthenews.Hisparentsdidn’tallowhimtoplay.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.Mrs.ReadwhisheshersontolearnEnglishwell.注意3：不定式作賓補(bǔ)省去to的情況(在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to不能省掉)常用省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：“一感（feel）、二聽(tīng)（hear,listento）、三讓（make,let,have）、五看（lookat,see,watch,notice,observe）”help可帶to，也可不帶tohelpsb(to)dosthImadehimtodohiswork..----------------------------makesb.dosth.Pleaselistentometosingthissongagain.-------------------listentosb.dosth.Ifeltsomeonetoopenmydoor.--------------------------------fellsb.dosth.Thebossmadethegirltoworktenhouraday.-------------makesb.dosth.Youmustwatchmetodoeverything--------------------------watchsb.dosth.Internetbarsmustn’tletanybodywatchbadthings,especiallychildren.-------letsb.dosth.Heoftenhelps(to)cleantheroom.Mr.Zhangalwayshelpsus(to)learnEnglish.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)to要加上 Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme)Hewasheardtospeakinthenextroom.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweekasapunishment.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：1.Hewants______somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys( 山西省)2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking( 福建省)Hefounditverydifficult______.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep(湖南省)不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式Wesawhim______thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered(河南省)Somuchworkusuallymakesthem______verytired.更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)-----好資料A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel( 吉林省)Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter______.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup(陜西省)Iwasmade______myhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doB.doingC.todoD.did(貴州省)作句子的定語(yǔ) ：不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面作后置定語(yǔ)。 如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則不定式中要有介詞 .Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringtheholiday.Wehavealotworktodo.Sheisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.--------------------------------------live 是不及物動(dòng)詞Thereisnothingforustoworryabout.----------------------------------worry 是不及物動(dòng)詞MrWuisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave. Thereisnoneedtotroublehim. 沒(méi)有必要去煩他Haveyougotanythingimportanttotellme?重要的事情去告訴我I’vegotnothingtoworryabout.沒(méi)有什么去擔(dān)心專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：1.Wouldyoulikesomething______?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks( 湖北省)2.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo( 河南省)3.Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith( 山東省)Key：1.C2.D3.D某些動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞 -ing形式的區(qū)別1.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has(廣西壯族自治區(qū) )2.——Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?——Sorry,Iforgot______somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took(湖北省)3.——Let'shavearest,shallwe?——Notnow,Ican'tstop______theletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite( 湖北省)Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop______(walk).Key：1.A2.C3.C4.Walking5、作句子的狀語(yǔ) ：動(dòng)詞不定式位于不及物動(dòng)詞之后作狀語(yǔ)，可作目的、結(jié)果、原因狀語(yǔ)。cometodosth.gotodosth.stoptodosth.inorder(not)todo too+adj.+todosth.adj.\adv.+enoughtodosthsoasto,enoughto,onlyto,ShecameheretoborrowanEnglishbook.（目的）Inordertohelphim,wewoulddoeverythingwecan.( 目的)Let’sstoptohavearest. Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.（結(jié)果）I’mtootiredtodowell. 結(jié)果 Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.(結(jié)果)I’msorrytomakeyouwaitheresolong.（原因）更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)-----好資料六、帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式前面可以帶疑問(wèn)代詞 what,which,who或疑問(wèn)副詞 how,when,where,why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，或者單獨(dú)使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不帶 to。例如：Idon’tknowwhattotrynext. （作賓語(yǔ)）Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.（作主語(yǔ)） 注意：?jiǎn)为?dú)使用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句。Whattodonext?(=Whatwillwe/youdonext?) Whygothere?(=Whydowe/yougothere?)在與why連用時(shí)，只用于 why或whynot開(kāi)頭的簡(jiǎn)短疑問(wèn)句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶 to。Whynothavearest? Howtodoitisaproblem.(=Howweshoulddoit.)Ireallydon’tknowwhattowriteabout.(=whatIshouldwriteabout)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：1.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith( 江蘇省)MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked(甘肅省)Key：1.B2.C3.Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.(改為意思相同的句子 )Thehole________________________suchafatpandatogothrough.(廣東省)4.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.(改為意思相同的句子 )Theiceonthelakewasn't______enough______people__________________.Keys：3.is，too，small，for4.thick，for，to，skate，on真題練習(xí)：Mymotheroftenasksme________early.(2003年北京)getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetupTheteachertoldherstudents______inpublic.(2003年黑龍江)nottoshoutB.didn'tshoutC.notshoutD.tonotshout3___isdifficulttoworkontheGreatWall.(2002年甘肅省)A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.Its4It'snice________you________mewithmymaths.(2002年深圳市)A.for;tohelpB.for;helpingC.of;tohelpD.of;helping5Theydecided________attheendofthismonth.(2002年濟(jì)南市)A.toleaveB.goingC.travelD.notstartout6Allofusfound________difficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it7Pleasestop________arestifyoufeeltired.(2002年南寧市)A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has8,There'senoughbirdfood________foramonth.(2001年山西省)A.tolastB.lastC.lastsD.lasted9,Shehasnopaper________.(2001年重慶市)A.towriteB.towritewithC.writeonD.towriteon10Motheraskedme________somefruitaftersupper.(2003年新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán))更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)-----好資料A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy11.Lethim________arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.(2003 年濟(jì)南市)A.haveB.getsC.totakeD.has12Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thefathermadethechildren________intheroom.(2003 年桂林市) A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayed13.-IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang'shomejustnow.-Yes,sheisoftenseen________theoldmanwithhishousework.(2003 年呼和浩特市)A.helpB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped14YesterdaymorningIgotupearly ________belatefortheexam.(2002年上海市)A.inordertoB.inordertonot C.soasnottoD.soasto15Let's________soasnot________lateforthemeeting.A.tohurry,toB.tohurry,tobe C.hurry,tobeD.hurry,be16There'snodifferencebetweenthetwowords.Ireallydon'tknow________.(2003年河南)A.whattochooseB.whichtochoose C.tochoosewhichD.tochoosewhat17ThestudentsofClassOnewillspendtheirwinterholidayinShenzhen,butthestudentsofClassTwohaven'tdecided________.(2003年廣東省)A.whattobuyB.howtogo C.wheretogoD.whichtochoose18________thecomputerisaproblem.A.HowtouseB.Whattouse C.WhichtouseD.Wheretouse19,-Youlookrathertired.________stoptotakearest?-Allright.ButI'llhavetoworkforafewmoreminutes.(2002 年呼和浩特市 )A.WhynotB.Doyou C.WhataboutD.Howabout20,TheTVsetistooloud.Willyouplease________?(2002 年哈爾濱市)A.turndownitB.turnitdo