定語(yǔ)從句解讀課件高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

定語(yǔ)從句一.識(shí)別定語(yǔ)從句Thelittleboywho

issingingtherecanrecitequiteanumberofpoems.Doyouknowthemanwhose

nameisMessi?名詞_____先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的對(duì)象關(guān)系詞：連接主從句，也可在從句中充當(dāng)成分。

分類關(guān)系詞指代對(duì)象在從句中的作用關(guān)系代詞who人作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whom人作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whose人或物作定語(yǔ)that人或物作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)which物作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)as人或物作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因作原因狀語(yǔ)2.定語(yǔ)從句的分類1)限制性定語(yǔ)從句:Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.進(jìn)行身體鍛煉的人更長(zhǎng)壽。(若把從句去掉,句子就失去意義);可省略關(guān)系詞(that,who,which在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略);只可以修飾先行詞,不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分(先行詞通常是名詞、代詞或詞組);翻譯成“……的”。定語(yǔ)從句三步曲：第一找出先行詞；第二找出定語(yǔ)從句第三看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法功能（做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）；結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞/代詞（先行詞）+關(guān)系代詞/副詞+定語(yǔ)從句【考點(diǎn)剖析】考點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞考向1：關(guān)系代詞基本用法1.指人時(shí)可以用who，也可用that。1）Themanwho/thatlivesnexttousisapoliceman.2）Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatisinred?2.指物時(shí)可以用which，也可用that。1)Ilikemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.2)Whatdoyouthinkofthemoviethat/whichwasshownlastnight?活學(xué)活用：把下列句子改寫(xiě)成定語(yǔ)從句P30注意：1）that和who在句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。Ilikemusic(that)Icandanceto.Heistheman(who)Imetyesterday.2）定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致.Iprefermoviesthatarescary.Ilikeasandwichthatisreallydelicious.Ilovesingerswhoarebeautiful.Ihaveafriendwhoplayssports.3.Whose可以指人，也可以指物。whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。1）Sheisabeautifulgirlwhosehairisbrown.2）Thereisadeskwhoselegsarebroken.難點(diǎn)：whose:屬格，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，可指人也可指物?！皐hose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhich”。N1+whose+N2=N1,theN2ofwhich

活學(xué)活用：P314.關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。1)Ilikethebookthat/which/省略

mymotherboughtyesterday.2)Doyouknowthegirlwho/whom/that/省略

wetalkedaboutjustnow?定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別例句限制性定語(yǔ)從句中名詞前有such和thesame修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無(wú)“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.5.先行詞是主句內(nèi)容或物，只能用as的情況。

例1．【單句填空】

用as\that\which填空。9．Itissuchabigstone___as____nobodycanlift.10．Itissuchabigstone___that_____nobodycanliftit.11．___As_____

isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.12．Jimpassedthedrivingtest,____which____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.考向2：關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法考點(diǎn)1：先行詞是人，只能用who,不能用that的情況。1）指人的不定代詞做先行詞時(shí)，只能用who.Weshouldhelpanyonewhoisinneed.2）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，逗號(hào)與指人的先行詞隔開(kāi)的句子，只能用who.I’mLiHua,whoisstudyinginLondonduringthesummervacation.考點(diǎn)2：先行詞是物，只能用which，不能用that的情況。1）介詞+whichTherearetwochairsintheroom,bothofwhicharebroken.2）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，逗號(hào)與指物的先行詞隔開(kāi)的句子，只能用whichTheywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.

考點(diǎn)3：先行詞是人或物，只能用that，不能用which或who的情況。（1）先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞及only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修飾時(shí)。Iwilltellhimallthatyoutoldmeattheball.2)Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.3)ThefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything,everything等不定代詞時(shí)。Theboyhandedeverythingthathehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthe

childrenandbooksthatfilledhisbus.

（4）先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitwas5yearsago.（5）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問(wèn)詞which時(shí)。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?關(guān)系詞指代人或物定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因狀語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)二：關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why三個(gè)，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般作狀語(yǔ)。2.關(guān)系副詞的作用二．考點(diǎn)精講：考向1：關(guān)系副詞的基本用法when

在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。Thisistheplacewherehewasborn.why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.注意：關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞1.When=介詞+which13．Istillremembertheday__when______Icametotheschoolforthefirsttime.14．Thetime___when____wegettogetherfinallyarrived.2.Why=for+whichThereasonwhy.....isthat....15．Pleasetellmethereason__why____youmissedyourflight.16．Thereason_why_youwerepunishedisunknowntous.3.Where=介詞+which選詞填空where\which\theone\one17．Isthistheplace__which______youvisited?18．Isthisplace____theone_______youvisited?19．Isthistheplace__where_______youlived?活學(xué)活用：P35考向4：關(guān)系副詞的選擇技巧：一斷，二找，三放例2．【單句填空】28．Thereason___why_______hediditisnotclear.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）29．Thereason____that______hegavetotheteacherisunbelievable.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）30．Iwillneverforgettheday___when______Imethim.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)31．Iwillneverforgettheday___that_______wespenttogether.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）考點(diǎn)三：非限制性從句判斷下面兩個(gè)句子是限制性定語(yǔ)從句還是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。1.Ilostallthemoneyyoulentmeyesterday.2.Ilostallthemoney,withoutwhichIhadtowalkhome.習(xí)題：P37IV.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用介詞+關(guān)系代詞（whom/which）引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句35．Doyoulikethebook__onwhich___shespent$10?（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）36．Doyoulikethebook__fromwhich___shelearnedalot?（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）37．Doyoulikethebook_aboutwhich___sheoftentalks?（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）38．Hebuiltatelescope__throughwhich___hecouldstudytheskies.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)39．Thereisatalltreeoutside,_underwhich__standsourteacher.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）40．Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_ofwhich___istheYellowRiver.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）習(xí)題：P38總結(jié)：介詞的判定方法A.依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配Mr.Smithboughtan