四箭大范圍02綜合口語

S5:【學生】男生要寫Paper，教授推薦他一本書。這本書教授又推薦給了說你可以在網(wǎng)上買個，yetthemanstudentthinksthatitistooexpansive，說沒了，但那個學生說她看完了才借給他。但這個paper下周就交了，等不了啊。Theman’professorhas mendedthemanatopicforhishistorypaper,butabookinthelibraryonthistopicwaslenttoanotherstudentandhasnotbeenreturnedyet.Themancouldeitherbuyanewbook,orhecouldtalktotheotherstudentandtrytosharethebookwiththestudent.Iwould mendtheboytobuyanewbook.First,Ithinkeveniftheotherstudentcanlendthebooktotheman,itwillnotbeuntilnextweekwhentheotherstudenthasfinishedwritinghispaper.Bythenitwouldbetoolatefortheman.Hewouldn’thaveenoughtimetoreadthebookandwriteagood-qualitypaper.Second,Ithinkthemandoesn’thavetoworrytoomuchabouttheexpenseofbuyinganewbook,becausehecansellitoncehehasfinishedusingthebookandgetsomemoneyback.S6:【講座主旨】講雕塑，有兩種基本方式。一種是在堅硬的東西上刻，比如Thelecturediscussestwotypesofprocessincreatingsculpture.Thefirstprocessissubtractiveprocess.Thisprocessusessolidmaterial.Thesculptorcutspiecebypieceonthematerialuntilsomeshapeisformed.Subtractiveprocesshasadrawback:itdoesn’tallowthesculptortoamendthemistakestheymakeduringtheprocess.Forexample,whenyousculptureaface,youdothenosefirstandthentheeyes.Butthenyoudon’tlikethenose.Youhavetogetridofthewholepiece.Thesecondprocessisadditiveprocess.Inadditiveprocess,thesculptorbuildsthework,addingmaterialastheworkproceeds.Thisprocessallowsmistakestobecorrected.Themainmaterialusedforthisprocessisclayorster.Forexampleifyoumakeanoseandyoudon’tlikeit,youcansimplycutitoutandrebuildthenose.lecturewashhands，不oneaction，要分開教，５步，turnonthewaterwetthehandsputonsoap,washhands,turnoffwater.每天教一步，漸漸的小孩子自己就把這幾步連Thereadingpassageintroducesatermcalledbehaviorchaining,whichmeansbreakingdowntheproceduresofngsomethingintoachainofsmallsteps,sothatitiseasiertolearntodothisthing.Theprofessoruseshisowndaughterasanexample.Hetriedtoteachher3-year-olddaughtertowashherhands.Insteadofteachingitasoneaction,theprofessorbroketheproceduresofwashinghandsinto5simplesteps,beginningwithturningonthewater,thenwettingthehands,puttingonsoap,washinghands,andfinallyturningoffthewater.Eachday,hetaughtherdaughteronesteponly,andanotherstepthenextday.Gradually,herdaughtercouldperformallfivestepscontinuously,washingherhandsindependentlywithoutanyS5:男生的問題，明天要去面試，但是西服丟在父母家了。有兩個解決辦法，一Theboyhasanimportantinterviewtomorrowbuthehaslefthissuitathisparents’ce.Hecouldeitherborrowhisroommate’ssuit,orhecouldbuyanewsuitlatertodayafterhe’sfinishedhisclass.Iwould mendtheboytowearhisroommate’ssuittotheinterviewinsteadofpurchasinganewone.Theboyalreadyhasonesuit.Heonlyforgotitathisparent’sce.Sobuyinganewsuitforjustoneinterviewisnotthatnecessary.Plustheboymentionedthatheneedsthemoneytobuyabicycle.Ontheotherhand,Ithinkasuitborrowedfromhisroommatewilljustdothejob.Itmightbeabitlarge,butI’msuretheinterviewerwillnotnoticewhathewearstoomuch.Whattrulymattersistheapplicant’sworkexperienceandjob1）freshmen85park，根本緩解不了問題。2）需求的車位遠遠大于100個。3）應(yīng)該把荒廢的footballspace作為停車場還差不多。Theuniversityhasmadeanewparkinginordertoreducethetrafficproblemoncampus.Thenewsaysthatfirstyearstudentsarenotallowedtousetheparkinglotsoncampus.However,intheconversationthemandisagreeswiththis.Hesaysthatfreshmenonlyconstituteasmallnumberamongthosewhoapplyforschoolparking.Tobanfreshmenfromparkingoncampuswon’thelpsolvetheproblem.Inaddition,hesaysthatdemandsforschoolparkingfarexceedtheavailablespace,sotheschoolshouldconsiderconvertingtheemptyspaceinfrontoftheoldfootballfieldintoanewparkinglottomeetstudents’parkingneeds.S4:【】extinctionofbehavior講座里講了小孩死皮賴臉用哭鬧來Thereadingpassageintroducesatermcalledextinctionofbehavior.Itmeanstendtorepeatacertainbehaviorwhenthatbehaviorisrewarded,whiletheytendtostopthebehaviorwhenitisignored.Theprofessorthengivesanexample.Amothertakesherkidtoagrocerystore.Thekidwantshismomtobuyhimsbutmomwouldn’t.Sothekidstartscryingandscreaminguntilhismomgivesinandbuyss.Thenthekidlearnsthatcryingisusefulandinthefuture,hewouldcryeverytimehewantstohavesomethingfromhismom.Instead,ifmomignoresherkidandallowshimtocry,thekidwouldlearnthatcryingisnotuseful,andisnotlikelytousecryingasawayofgettingwhathewants.S6:【講座內(nèi)容】關(guān)于商業(yè)管理。創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)需要經(jīng)濟支持，所以要去找投資商。找之前要準備兩份材料：businessn和executivesummary。計劃書：可能像書Thelecturediscussestwotypesof sthatyouneedtoprepareinordertostartabusinessandtoattractinvestment.Thefirst isabusinessn.Itisalonganddetaileddescriptionofhowyountoachieveyourbusinessgoal.Theproblemwithabusinessnisthatitistoolong,likeabook,soinvestorsusuallydon’thavetimetoreadit.Thesecondisanexecutivesummary,whichisasummaryofthemostimportantpointsinthebusinessn.Ifinvestorsareinterestedinthesummary,theywillcontinuetoreadthebusinessn.Forexample,afriendoftheprofessorwastryingtostarta sellingofficefurniture.Atfirsthehadabusinessnonbutnoonereadit.Later,whenhepreparedanexecutivesummary,investorsstartedreadingthesummaryandsomedecidedtogivehiminvestment.S3:學校通知學生比較在畢業(yè)前完成10個小時的時間。兩個人討論，女encouragerequirecommunity都很遠，學生沒有車，不方便到，所以不practical。Theschoolhasannouncedanew,requiringeachstudenttocompleteatleast10hoursofcommunityservicebeforetheycangraduate.Intheconversation,however,thegirldisagreeswiththis.Shearguesthatcommunityserviceshouldbevoluntary.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtotakepartincommunityservice,notrequiredtodoso.Sothisisgoingtocauseresentmentamongstudents.Furthermore,shesaysthatmanycommunityserviceprogramsarelocatedfarawayfromtheschool.Moststudentsdonothaveacarandpublictransportationisnotconvenienteither.SothisnewisnotpracticalS5:一個學生遇到time，又要去careerfair又要去打工，那個女的說coworkerbossnice不想惹麻煩。Thestudentwantstoattendacareerfair,buthehastoworkinarestaurantatthesametime.Hecouldeitherswitchhisworkhourswithaco-worker,orhecouldgotothecareerfairearly,spendonlyafewminutesthere,andthenhurrytotherestaurant.Ithinkit’sbetterforthestudenttoaskaco-workertocoverhisshiftsothathecangotothecareerfair.Thisisbecauseacareerfairisveryimportant.Alotofcompanieswilldirectlygiveofferstostudentsafterashortinterview.Soifthestudentislookingforajob,thenheshouldnotmissthecareerfair.Also,Idon’tthinkheshouldworrytoomuchabouthiscurrentjobattherestaurant,sincethisisonlyapart-timejob.I’msurethestudentcanfindamuchbetterjobatthecareerfair.S6:嬰兒和他們的撫養(yǎng)者的感情（emotionaldevelopment）是通過什么建立起來feed,家長給孩子食物，孩子就對家長更依賴，他們之間建立了bondwarmandlovingtouch是孩子love家babymonkeystwosubstitutemothermadeofmetalwire,但是有一個mother包上了毛絨外殼。小猴分兩組，一組是金屬喂，另一組是毛絨媽媽喂，平時不是吃飯時間小猴可以隨便touch兩個，發(fā)現(xiàn)不管被誰喂，所有小猴都喜歡毛絨，所以證明了touching是感情的。題目讓敘述實驗怎么Itwasthoughtthatparentsestablishemotionalbondwiththeirbabiesbyfeedingthem.Butaccordingtothelecture,itisthewarmandlovingtouchwhichparentsgivetotheirbabiesthatdeterminesthedevelopmentofmother-childbonding.Thelecturergivesanexperimenttoprovethistheory.Severalbabymonkeysaredividedintotwogroups.Bothgroupsarefedrespectivelybyadummymothermonkeyandthebabymonkeyscanalsotouchthedummymother.However,themotherinthefirstgroupiscoveredbysoftclothwhileinthesecondgroupthemotherismadeofmetalwires.Later,itturnsoutthatallthebabymonkeysprefertostaywiththe“clothmothermonkey”ratherthanthe“metalmother”,regardlessofwhichmonkeymotherwasfeedingthembefore.S5:papermuseummuseum明天就要關(guān)門了，只能今晚去，可是這個男生今晚又有課要上。給了兩個建議：(1)paper(2)向今Theboy’spaperisduetomorrow.Inordertofinishthispaperhehastogotomuseumtonightsinceitwillbeclosedtomorrow.Buthehasaclassthesamenight.Hehastwooptions.Hecouldeitherskiptonight’sclassandgotothemuseum,orhecouldaskhisprofessorforanextensiononthepaper.Iwould mendtheboytoaskforleavefromtonight’sclass.Ithinktheboycanexintotonight’steacherthathehasaveryurgentassignmentrelatedwithhispaper.I’msuretheteacherwillunderstandhimandforgivehismissingtheclassforthisonlyonce.Also,theboycanmakeupforthemissedlessonbyborrowingotherstudents’notesafterwards.Ifheasksforanextension,ontheotherhand,I’mafraidtheprofessorwillbeangry,andtheboyrisksbeinggivenalowscoreorevennoscoreatall.S6:心理學中的rein ment，分為positivereinment和negative ment兩種，即增加能夠激發(fā)個人的東西和消除自己不喜歡的東西。pleasure自己好的food，這樣就可以讓你喜歡早起這種behavior。(2)negativebehaviorThelecturetalksaboutreinmentinpsychology.Therearetwotypesofreinment,namelypositivereinmentandnegativereinment.Bothtypesofreinmentmotivatea toengageinaparticularbehaviorbuttheyworkindifferentways.Positivereinmentworksbyintroducingsomethingpleasurable.Forexample,byrewardingyourselfwithgoodfoodeverytimeyougetupearly,youaremakingyourselfinclinedtogettingupearly.Bycontrast,negativereinmentworksbyremovingtheunpleasantconsequencefromabehavior.Forexample,ifyoudon’tlikegettingupearlybecauseyouhatetakingashowersoearlyinthemorning.Youcantakeashoweratnightinstead.Thisway,youwillnotrejectgettingupearly,becauseyouhaveremovedtheunpleasantconsequenceofit.S3:healthycenter15分鐘車程，太遠，而且，學生大多得的Theschoolisnningtoclosedownitshealthcenter.Itexinsthatbecauseanewhospitalhasbeenopenedinthelocalcommunity,closingdowntheschoolhealthcenterwon’thavemucheffectonstudents.However,thewomandisagreeswithn.Shesaysthattheclosesthospitalis15minutesawaybycar,soit’sstilltoofarformoststudents,especiallywhentheyaresick.Moreover,shesaysthatmoststudentsgototheschoolhealthcenterforsmallillnessessuchascold,feverorslightinjuries.Thereisnoneedtogotoabigandfancyhospital.Sometimesthebighospitalsdon’ttreatthesesmallillnesses.S4:morecommon的。聽是選擇坐在椅子上聽還是站起來說話。然后問這個人，覺得別人是否會和自己Thereadingpassagedefinesatermcalled“falseconsensus”.Accordingtofalseconsensus,peopletendtodevelopthefalseperceptionthattheirideasandopinionsareinconsensustothoseofothers.Theprofessorthengivesanexample.Asurveywasconductedaskingstudentswhethertheywoulddiscussloudlyinthelibrary.Basedontheresult,thestudentsweredividedintotwogroups–thosewhosaidyesandthosewhosaidno.Then,asecondquestionwasaskedtoeachgroup.Thequestionwas:Doyouthinktheotherstudentswillactthesamewithyou?Surprisingly,thetwooppositegroupsbothexpresstheopinionthatstudentsintheothergroupwillagreewiththem,whichisclearlynottrue.S6:講外來植物對本地植物的影響。舉了兩個例子：1tree引進到Thelecturegivestwoexamplestoexintheimpactofintroducingnewspeciestoanewenvironment.Thefirstexampleisthe“saltytree”.ItwasoriginallyintroducedintoSouthAfricatostabilizethelocalsanddunesthere.However,thesetreesgrowsotallthattheyblockthesunlight,threateningthegrowthofneighboringnts.Thesecondexampleisthe“bulktree”,whichwasintroducedintowesternUnitedStates.Thistreehasahighlydevelopedrootsystemwhichrunsunderground.Itabsorbslargeamountsofwateranditreproducedamazinglyfast, petingotherntsforessentialwaterresources.S6:【講課要點】：MarineanimalsprotectthemselvesbyproducinglightsThereare2ways:方式一、suddenflashbrightlight：舉例:Whentheyareunderattack,deep-seashrimpswillgiveashortperiodbrightlighttofrightentheattackers,anddeep-seashrimpscanescape.方式二、constantflashbrightlight：例子：Sincetheirpredatorsalwayshuntanimalsbyjudgingdarkshades,hatchetfishgiveconstantlighttomakethemselvesseemlikesunshine.Byngthis,theirpredatorscanhardlyfindthem.Thelecturetalksabouthowmarineanimalsuselighttoprotectthemselves.Thefirstmethodistousesuddenlighttofrightenthepredator.Forexample,whenadeepseashrimpisunderattackbyitspredator,itwillgiveoutaflashofverybrightlight.Thislightonlylastsforaveryshortperiodoftimebutitiseffectiveinturningawaythepredator.Then,thedeep-seashrimpescapestosafety.Thesecondmethodistoproduceconstantlight.Forexample,thehatchetfishproducesconstantlightfromitsstomachwhichlightlookslikesunshine.Bygivingoffthislightthehatchetfishcanavoidcastingashadowbeneathitandthereforecanavoidbeingseenbypredatorsthatlookforshadowswhentheyhunt.S3.是有個人在校上說要申請給natureclub經(jīng)費。里女的說，不一定要跟club才能接近自然，還有進了自然也不一定學到啥東西。Thestudentletterasksformorefundingfortheschool’snatureclub,sotheclubcanorganizemoreactivitiestogetstudentsclosetothenatureandlearnfromit.However,thegirlintheconversationdisagreeswiththisproposal.Shesaysthatmanystudentsdon’thavethetimeforsuchactivities.Forthosewhodohavetimeandwanttoseethenature,theydon’treallyhavetojoinaclub;theycansimplytakeabustogettothecetheylike.Withastudentpassyouevendon’tneedtopayfortheride.Secondly,joininganatureclubdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatyoucanlearnfromnature.Youneedsomekindofguidance,likewhenyouarelearninganysubject,soanatureclubdoesnotreallyhelpmuchifitonlygetsyouclosetonature.S4.accept那些跟你想法一樣的東西，而ignore那些不一樣的東西。car，不燒油的。她光看關(guān)于優(yōu)點的相關(guān)，不看車的缺點，比如新型車不穩(wěn)定，repair費用高。讓你結(jié)合的例子解釋這個心理學概念。Thereadingpassageintroducesaterminpsychologycalledconfirmationbias,whichmeansthatpeoplehavethetendencytoacceptinformationthatconfirmstheirbeliefwhileignoringinformationthatdoesnot.Tofurtherillustratethisterm,theprofessorusestheexampleofafemalefriendwhowantstobuyacarthatiseco-friendlyandfuelefficient,thetypeofcarthatmanywomendriveontheroad.However,thereareobviousdrawbackswiththistypeofcars.Theyareunstable,andthemaintenancecostisveryhigh,sotheprofessorshowedsomereportsaboutthesedrawbackstoher.However,hisfriendintentionallyignoressuchinformationandonlyacceptsthepositiveinformationaboutthecarbecauseshehasalreadybelievedthatthisistherightcarforher.S5.表演課要求兩人表演，一個男生AdropB給他建議，可以自己演，可以找別人代替，女同學B就可以代演，問兩個suggestion是什么，你覺得哪種好？Theboyissupposedtoperforminanactingclasswithhispartner,buttheproblemthathispartnerhasdroppedthatclass.Sothegirlgiveshimtwosolutions.Thefirstsolutionisfortheboytoactbyhimself,andthesecondsolutionistoinviteanothertorecehispartner.Iwould mendtheboytofindanewpartnerbecausefirstly,hemusthavebeenpracticingforawhilewithhisoldpartner,soifhedecidedtoactonhisown,hewouldhavetomakealotofchangestotheperformance,whichwouldnotbeeasy.Secondly,thegirlsaysthatshecouldactashispartner,theboydoesnothavetoworryaboutnotbeingabletofindanewS6.farmer選擇desirablefeature的品種種植作物。舉了例子說，wheat，原來很farmer選擇果實大的繼續(xù)種植。讓舉例說明什么是選擇性種植。Thelecturetalksaboutselectivebreedingofnts,whichreferstothepracticeofselectingntswithdesirablecharacteristicsforfuturebreeding.Thelecturegivestwoexamplesofselectivebreeding.Thefirstexampleisthewheat.Whenafieldofwheatisfullyripe,someofthewheatstemsbenddown,sofarmerswouldselectwheatstemsthatdonotbendforfuturepropagation.Thesecondexampleisthepeach.Thepeachfruitusedtobeverysmall,sofarmerwouldpickthosebiggerfruitstogrowforthenextseason,sograduallythepeachfruit esbigger.S3:【學生提議】是一個人 Astudenthassuggestedthattheschooldininghallshouldstopyingevisionprograms,becausetheycreatehighlevelsofnoise.[s-keygen-answer annoysstudentswhowanttohaveaquietenvironmentorwhowanttohave alconversationswithoneanother.Intheconversation,however,themandisagreeswiththisproposalfortworeasons.First,hesaysthatifstudentswanttofindsomewherequietoncampus,thereareplentyofcestogolikethelibrary.Second,collegestudentsarealladults.Theyshouldbematureenoughtosolvetheproblemsbythemselvesinsteadofaskingtheschoolforhelp. S4:【】（解釋一種現(xiàn)象）許多動物看不到，但是可以躲避物，捕可以分辨物是樹還是老鼠。Thereadingpassagedefinesatermcalledecholocation.Formanyanimalsthatdonothavegoodvision,echolocationhelpsthemtoavoidobstaclesandtolocateandcatchtheirprey.[s-keygen-answer ]Thelecturethenusesthebatasanexampletofurtherexinhowecholocationworks.Thebatpreysonrats,whichonlycomeoutatnight.However,evenintotaldarknessatnight,thebatcanstilldetectandcatchtherats.Thisisbecausethebatemitscallsouttoitssurroundingenvironment.Andbylisteningtotheechoesofthesecallsthatbouncebackfromanobject,thebatisabletoidentifywhetherthisobjectisanobstacle,suchasatree,orapreysuchasarat. S3：是說學校決定把每個班級的人數(shù)從8人增加到15人。原因是有的學生apply這些課程，但是學校的faculty有限。男同學的意見：1、增加人數(shù)減少了communicationwithfaculty，降低了小課堂的參與程度。2、既然有的學生，就可以獲得的錢，就可以請的faculty解決了人力不足的問題。簡言之就是morestudents,moremoney,morefaculty。問題是：學校做出了怎樣的決定，男同學的意見是什么Theschoolhasdecidedtoraisethelimitofstudentnumberfrom8studentsto15studentsforeachclass,duetoincreasingnumbersofstudentregistrationandlimitednumbersofschoolfaculties.Theboyopposesthisdecisionfortworeasons.First,hesaysthatabiggerclasswouldleadtolesscommunicationbetweeneachstudentandtheteacher,andalsolesschanceforstudentstoparticipateinclassroomactivities.Furthermore,hearguesthatmorestudentsmeanmoretuitionfees,whichcouldbeusedtoexpandthefaculty,sotheschoolshouldhiremoreteachersratherthanincreasingclasssize.S4：閱讀：動物有固定的patternsofbehavior。：1、一種小魚：malefish會doattackdancetothefinishenteringitsterritory而且是有redmark的，如果沒有redmark就不會2、goose：female鵝生過蛋后會moveitsheadbackandforth，但是當它的egg被movedaway以后，它仍然這樣。問題是：講一講什么是動物的這種慣性行為(AFSFAS記不清了)，然后講講lecture中間的例子如何證明的。ThereadingpassageintroducesatermcalledFixedActionPattern,orFAP,whichreferstoasequenceofinnatebehaviorsdisyedbyanimalsinresponsetoanexternalstimulus.Forexample,amalesticklebackwouldseeanothermaleenteringitsownterritoryasapotentialcompetitor,butonlywhenthismalefishasaredstripeontheirunderside.Thesticklebackwoulddoanattackdancetotrytoscareawaytheinvadingmale.Infact,itshowsthesamebehaviortoalmostanythingred.Anotherexampleisthefemalegoose.Afterlayingeggs,thefemalegooseoftenmovesitsheadbackandforthtorolladiscedeggbacktoitsce.However,thegoosewouldcontinuewiththisbehavioreveniftheeggshavebeenmovedoutofS5：womanmarineresearch的offer，但是給的錢不夠她去交下學期的tuition.man說：1、exintothemandaskformoremoney(women怕他們收回offer);2、takeapart-timejob(woman說怕時間不夠太累)問題是：這個Dilemma是什么，你認為應(yīng)該怎么做，為什么Thewomanhasreceivedanofferfromamarineresearchinstitute,butthescholarshipshe’sbeenofferedisnotsufficienttocoverthetuitionforthecomingsemester.Themangiveshertwosuggestions–toasktheschoolformorescholarship,ortoearnsomemoneybytakingapart-timejob.Ithinkthesecondsuggestionisbetter.Ithinkwhateveramountofscholarshipaschoolhasdecidedtogivetoanapplicant,itmusthavedonesobasedoncarefulassessmentoftheapplicant’sacademicachievement,sothereislittlechancethattheschoolwillchangeitsmindsimplybecauseastudentwantsmore.Secondly,takingapart-timejobwillbebeneficialforthegirl,notonlybecauseofthemoney,butalsobecausesuchexperiencecanteachhersomeimportantskillsthatarevaluablewhenshegraduatesandstartslookingforafull-timejob.whyitisimportantto記住商品名字(問題就是讓你總結(jié)這個)How：repeatthenameoverandoveragainshowthenameonthescreenoftheTVexample：一個洗衣washingWhy(of2.advantagesadvantages但不客知道name很重要?Thelectureexinshowapieceofadvertisementcanbedesignedtomaketheviewerrememberthenameoftheproduct,andwhyisitimportanttodoso.Itusestheexampleofanadvertisementforawashingmachinecalled“quickwashing”.Tomakeviewersrememberthisname,theadvertisementnotonlyrepeatsthenameoverandoveragainbutalsoillustratesvisualimageofthenameontheTVscreen.Thelecturethenexinsthatitisimportantforviewerstorememberthenameofaproductinanadvertisement,andtoassociatealltheadvertisedbenefitsofthisproductwiththisname,becauseotherwisetheadvertisementwouldbepointless.S3:一門課的時間安排發(fā)生變化，從早上調(diào)到晚上，因為考慮到很多同學有Theannouncementinformsstudentsofachangeinthescheduleoftheirphysicscourse,whichwillbeshiftedfrommorningtotheevening.Itisbelievedthatthiswillsolvethetimethatmanystudentscurrentlyfacebecausetheyhaveapart-timejobinthemorning.Intheconversation,however,theboydisagreeswiththisadjustment.Hearguesthatmorestudentsactuallyworkintheeveningsotheyonlyhavetimeforclassesduringtheday.Hefurtherexinsthatstudentsprefertohavetheirlessonsduringthedayratherthanintheeveningbecauseafteraday’swork,alltheyreallyneedistimeforrelaxation,havingfunwiththeirfriends,orsimplyhavingagoodnight’ssleep.S4:一種經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象，往往給商家?guī)砑傧蟆Ｅe的例子是環(huán)保車，當商家在生產(chǎn)這peoplethinkit（manufacturethegreencar）istherightthingstodobutnotbuilt.Thereadingpassageintroducesatermcalledmisleadingmarketsurvey,whichmeansthatsomemarketsurveysmayproducemisleadingresultsbecauserespondentsmayanswerquestionsbasedonwhatissociallydesirableratherthanontheirtruethoughts.Thelecturethengivestheexampleofacar nningtomanufactureanenvironmentallyfriendlycar.Totestthemarket,the conductedasurveyaskingpeoplewhethertheyhaveinterestinpurchasingthistypeofcar.Theresultswerequiteencouragingsothe launchedtheproduction,buttheactualsalesturnedverydisappointing.Thisisbecauserespondentsthoughtthatmanufacturingthecaristherightthingtodo,buttheywouldnotbuyitinrealaction.S5:在一個餐館中有工作，下班時間距離下堂課只有15分鐘，所以經(jīng)常。droptheclass，選別的課。Thegirlisoftenlateforherclassbecausethisclassstartsonly15minutesbeforeshefinishesherworkattherestaurant.Theboygiveshertwosolutions.Thefirstsolutionistorescheduleherworkingtimesoshecancometotheclassearlier,andthesecondsolutionistodropthisclassandtakeanotheroneatnight.Iwould mendthegirltotalktoherbossandtrytorearrangeherworkingshift.Asthegirlmentioned,herbossisreallyanice ,sohewouldcertainlyunderstandthegirl’ssituationandagreeonadifferentshiftforthegirlormaybeallowthegirltoleaveafewminutesearlier.Ithinkitwouldbeunwiseforthegirltodropaclasssimplybecausesheneedstoworkpart-timeforarestaurant.Afterall,thefirstpriorityforstudentsshouldbestudying,notworking.S6:Anti-forms，與traditionalartform相反，這種artform可以讓很多大眾artformtraditionalartform要低得多，舉的例子用了stoneandmirrorform經(jīng)常放在大街上展覽，這樣passers-by可以欣賞到。Anti-forms,unliketraditionals,aimtomakeartaccessibletothegeneralpublic,sotheytrytomakeartinexpensiveandaffordabletomostpeople.Therearetwomethodsanti-formsoftenusetoachievethisaim.Thefirstmethodistousesimplematerials.Forexample,anarrangedirregularstonesandmirrors,bothinexpensivematerials,tocreateaparticularicscene.Anothermethodisfortostageoutdoorexhibitions.Forexample,anputapieceoflargewhiteclothnearthefountainatthecenterofthetown.Anypassers-bycouldcomenearandtakealook.Thewindblewthecloth,creatingamovingpieceofartwork.小時，想明天一早去，男生提醒他明天一早有生物課review，除非特別早去然后趕回來；或者叫快遞。擔心快遞送不到，因為很重視這個jobThewomanistryingtoapplyforasummerjobatamagazine,buttheapplicationdeadlineisonlyonedayaway.Shecouldeitherhandinherapplicationtothe allytomorrowmorning,orshecouldusethecourierservicetosendherapplication.Iwould mendthegirltogotothemagazineherselfbecausethisshowsthatsherespectsandvaluesthisworkopportunity.Thiswillhelpherleaveagoodimpressiontothepeopleatthemagazine.Thecourierservice,ontheotherhand,maynotreachthemagazine intimebecausesometimesthingsgetdeliveredtothewrongaddressorjustgetlost.Sotobeonthesafeside,sheshouldgotothemagazine andhandinherapplicationby Theuniversityannouncementsaysthatallfreshmenarerequiredtoliveoncampus.Itisbelievedthatthiswillgivefreshmenbetteropportunitiestoformstudygroups,andalsohelptoalleviatetheparkingstrainoncampus.However,thegirldisagreeswiththis.Shesaysthatwhensomanystudentsliveoncampus,dormitories noisyanddistracting,whichmakesithardforstudentstoformeffectivestudygroups.Also,shearguesthatwhenallfreshmenliveoncampus,theywilloccupymoreparkingspaceoncampus,andformuchlongertime.Thiswillmaketheparkingproblemevenworse.S4:【】dormancy這一概念，閱讀材料講到冬眠的涵義：幫助渡過惡劣環(huán)境；降低自身生理能耗?！局v座內(nèi)容】材料里professor講述了一個肺Thereadingpassageintroducesatermcalleddormancy.Itreferstoaperiodofinactivityinananimal’slifecycle,whichhelpstheanimaltopassthroughcriticalenvironmentalconditions.Inthelecturethatfollows,theprofessorusestheexampleoflungfishtofurtherexinthisterm.Whentheirnativestreamorlakeisabouttodryup,lungfishwouldburrowdeeplyintothemud,formingahollowspace,wheretheywouldremaininaperiodofdormancyforthedurationofthedryseason.Duringdormancy,lungfishexperienceadropintheirmetabolism,allowingthemtosurvivemonthsundergroundwithoutwater.Whentherainscomeagain,lungfishwillcomeoutofthemudtoresumeitslifeasafish.Thegirl’sroommatehangstoomanypaintingsonthewall.Thegirldoesnotlikethesepaintingsbutshe’snotsurewhattodo.Intheconversation,theboygivesthegirltwosolutions.Shecouldeitherremainsilentandgraduallygetusedtothesepaintings,orshecouldcomeuptoherroommateandstateherhonestopinions.I mendthegirltotalktoherroommateandtrytoworkoutasolutionwithher.Thegirllivesinthedorm,so