2015-2019年北京高考英語試卷（含答案解析）

2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）

英語

（考試時(shí)間：100分鐘試卷滿分：120分）

考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。

考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分:知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）

第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題L5分，共15分）

A

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I1（voice）my

biggestconcerntomymother."HowwillImakefriends?^^Shehandedmeadvice.€tBeyourself.^^Forthepast20

years.Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously2

（face）challenges.IknowIwillwhisperto3（I）thetwosimplewords“Beyourself5.

B

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

EarthDay,4（mark）on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmental

protection.Firstcelebrated51970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions（地

區(qū)）.Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious6（activity）onEarthDay.Youcan

plantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.

C

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Doesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?Researchonthequestion7（suggest）that,for

moststudents,itdoesn't.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan8theygo.Thestudents

benefittingmostfromcollegearethose9aretotallyengaged（參與）inacademiclife.takingfulladvantageof

thecollege'schancesandresources（資源），Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinking

aboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit'snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsfbrahealthyand

10(meaning)collegeexperience.

第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每小題L5分，共30分)

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答

題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Regardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow-incomestudentsinhis

neighbourhoodarriveattheircollegeclassesontime.

Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWilsonhasbeen11freeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.

Sincehefirststarted12hiscartotheyoungpeople.Wilsonhas13amastonishing64,000miles,and

hashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorous14withthestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.The

studentswhohe's15havegoneontobecomephysicians,teachersandengineers,butwhatthey'vealsogotout

oftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudents16callhim“Grandpa”.

TinaStem17ridesfromWilsonforallherfouryearsincollege,andthetripsmeantmuchmoretoher

thanjustfree18."It'snotjustaride；you'renotjustsittingtherein19silenceorwithyourheadphones

on.”Stemsaid."Heasksyouquestionsandactually20theanswers,sothenexttimeyouridewithhim,he'll

21thosethings."

Wilsonfirstworkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeofthenon-profitorganisation.OnPoint

forCollege.Althoughthe22asksthemembersonlytodrivestudentstoandfromtheirclasses,Wilsonoften

goes23toensurethewelfareandsafetyofthestudents.Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration.

Wilsonisthereto24them.Iftheyrunoutofcertaindailynecessities.Wilsonwilldrivetothenearest

storeandpurchasewhat'sneeded.Ifastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonnever

25tobuythemameal.

Formanystudents,Wilson'shelpisnotonlyappreciated,ifsalsoentirely26forthemtobeableto

completetheircollegeeducation.Somestudentsdon'thaveareliablecar,whileothershaveto27vehicles

withparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.Forthem,ridingwithWilsonhas28themtocompletetheireducation

—butaccordingtoWilson,hebenefitsjustasmuchfromthe29.<4IjustlovedrivingandIlovethesekids,

"Wilsonsaid."It'ssucha(n)30tobeapartofthesekids,lives,evenjustfbrafewhours,gettingtoknowthem

andhearingtheirstories.'1

11.A.linkingB.sendingC.offeringD.distributing

12.A.donatingB.lendingC.deliveringD.volunteering

13.A.pavedB.coveredC.measuredD.wandered

14.A.argumentsB.interviewsC.negotiationsD.wandered

15.A.metB.drivenC.addressedD.conversations

16.A.evenB.everC.onceD.already

17.A.earnedB.receivedC.assessedD.demanded

18.A.transportationB.styleC.timeD.communication

19.A.forcedB.awkwardC.ridiculousD.suspicious

20.A.selectsB.recitesC.guessesD.remembers

21.A.actonB.settleonC.checkonD.agreeon

22.A.clubB.leagueC.collegeD.programme

23.A.farB.aroundC.beyondD.forwards

24.A.assistB.watchC.urgeD.warm

25.A.expectsB.attemptsC.managesD.hesitates

26.A.extraB.unusualC.necessaryD.adequate

27.A.shareB.fuelC.repairD.exchange

28.A.requiredB.allowedC.remindedD.convinced

29.A.experienceB.arrangementC.appreciationD.employment

30.A.effortB.ambitionC.privilegeD.convenience

第二部分:閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)

涂黑。

A

Wanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?Youcandoall

thethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation（GDA）.WhateverstageoflifeyouYeat,whereveryougoand

whateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you'llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity（社區(qū)）.

Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneed

volunteermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.

Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.

Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity'saccesstosafedrinkingwater,

orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.

Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you'llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyour

culturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho'llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.

Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes:

Schedule

Country

4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammes

Algeria5Jul.-1Aug.20Jun.-7Aug.

Egypt24Jul-20Aug.19Jun.-6Aug.

Kenya20Jul.-16Aug.18Jun.-5Aug.

SouthAfrica2Aug-29Aug.15Jun.-2Aug.

GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.

Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.

ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskills

whilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.

FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:

We.bsite:

Email:humanresources@glodeve.org

31.Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?

A.ToseeklocalpartnersB.TDtakeinyoungvolunteers

C.TocarryoutprogrammesD.Tofosterculturalawareness

32.TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein_.

A.EgyptB.AlgeriaC.KenyaD.SouthAfria

33.ThesharedgoalofGDA'sprojectsto

AexplorenewculturesB.protecttheenvironment

C.gaincoiporatebenefitD.helpcommunitiesinneed

B

AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur（倉小業(yè)者），whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetime

shewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids*

teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.

ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheoutingshewasofferedacandybar.However,her

dadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshe

desiredtogetroundthewarning,"Whycan'tImakeahealthycandythat'sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan't

saynotoit?"Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommended

thatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.

Withherdad'spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipe

thatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,

shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.

Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessoftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirst

businessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore'sproduct-Cancandy.

AsCanCandy*ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore'scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticabout

thecandyshecreated,andshe'salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhavea

cleanmouthandabroadsmile.

Meanwhile,withherparents'help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanonnalteenagelife.Althoughshefounded

hercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn'tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothers

findtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilieCandy^profitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappears

thattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.

34.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad'swarning?

A.Shearguedwithhim.B.Shetriedtofindawayout.

C.Shepaidnoattention.D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.

35.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?

A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.

C.Itissweeterthanothercandies.D.Itisproducedtoadentists'recipe.

36.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?

A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Ibhelpothersfindsmiles.

C.Tomakeherselfstandout.D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.

37.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore'sstory?

A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.

B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.

C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.

D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied

C

Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumbersthey

don'tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams（欺詐）.Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityof

theproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfrom

gettingthrough.Unfortunately,it'stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”（解決方案）becomewidely

available,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it'snotjustgoingtobethenumberyou

seeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou'rehearingisactuallyreal.

That'sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation（處理）andautomationtechnologiesthatare

abouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear'sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoice

technologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistand

bookareservationwithoutdetection.

Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthat

robocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecisionAdecadeofdatabreaches（數(shù)據(jù)侵入）ofpersonal

informationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother'sname,andfarmore.Armedwith

thisknowledge.they'reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,

thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsounds

exactlylikeyourbankteller's,rickingyouinto'Confirming"youraddress,mother'sname,andcardnumber.

Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuch

ofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.

Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtowork

togethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniform

waytomarkvideosandimagesshowingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby.orabandoningphonecallsaltogether

andmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications-usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedto

youridentity.

Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtoharderfromhereonout.

38.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobecalls?

A.Panicked.B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.

39.takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammercan.

A.aimatvictimspreciselyB.damagedatabaseseasily

C.startcampaignsrapidlyD.spreadinformationwidely

40.Whatdoesthepassageimply?

A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.

B.Technologiescanbedouble-edited.

C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.

D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.

41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRooted

B.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRoboealls

C.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerous

D.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology

D

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawanning

climate,accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseof

thewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Ocean

colourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuel

thegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean's

appearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide（二氧化碳）intotheoceanwhilegiving

offoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpsto

regulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskey

characteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbon

dioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.

StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMITsCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojects

changestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothe

colouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncould

becomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperfor

phytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener."Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheocean

changing,“shesaid,"butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.9,

42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

A.Thevariouspattemsattheoceansurface.

B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.

C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.

D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.

43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Sensitive.B.BeneficialC.SignificantD.Unnoticeable

44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.

B.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges

C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate

D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges

B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain

C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans

D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余

選項(xiàng)。

Muchoftheworkintoday'sworldisaccomplished（完成）inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuilda

greatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.46Companiesspendmillionshiringtop

businesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?

47Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.TheresultsaremixedForfootballandbasketball,

addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretop

talent；abovethatlevel,theteam'sperfbnnancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball,

whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam'sperformance.

Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateam

requiresitsmemberstocoordinate（協(xié)調(diào)）theiractions.48Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividual

playersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformance

willsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhen

taskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris.forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemay

takeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam'sperformance.Young

childrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,uThereisnoIinTEAM."49

Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasin

agameoftug-of-war（拔;可比賽），wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.

50.AnA-teammayrequireabalance-notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.

A.Ifsnotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.

BSportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent

C.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers1attention.

D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.

E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.

F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.

G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.

第三部分:書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）

第一節(jié)（15分）

51.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim打算暑假期間來北京、天津和上海旅游，發(fā)來郵件

詢問相關(guān)信息。請你給他回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.交通出行；

2.必備衣物。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)不少于50；

2.開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

DearJim,

Yours,

LiHua

第二節(jié)（20分）

52.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你們班上周組織了一次以“勞動(dòng)最光榮”為主題的社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。請根

據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，寫一篇英文周記，記述整個(gè)過程。

注意:詞數(shù)不少于60。

提示詞:西瓜watermelon

絕密★啟用前

2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試

英語（北京卷）

（本試卷共14頁，共120分?？荚嚂r(shí)長100分鐘。）

考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。

考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分：知識運(yùn)用

第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空

從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將

該項(xiàng)涂黑。

例：It'ssonicetohearfromheragain.,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.

A.What'smoreB.That'stosay

C.InotherwordsD.Believeitornot

答案是D。

1.—Hi,I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround?

—Hello,Peter.TmBob.IjustonMonday.

A.startB.havestartedC.startedD.hadstarted

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——嗨,我是彼得。你是新來的嗎？我沒有在附近見過你?！愫?，彼得。

我是鮑勃。我周一剛剛開始住在這兒。根據(jù)兩人談話內(nèi)容可知，Bob現(xiàn)在在這兒，他開始（start）住在這兒

是發(fā)生在周一的事情，周一是一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間，故該句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，C選項(xiàng)正確。

點(diǎn)睛：一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。一般過去

時(shí)常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語或從句連用，如：yesterday,lastweek,inthepast,in2017,once,afew

daysago等.

2.wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.

A.AlthoughB.WhileC.IfD.Until

【答案】C

【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：如果我們不阻止氣候變化，那么世界上的很多動(dòng)植物都將會(huì)消失。動(dòng)植

物不滅絕的前提條件是阻止氣候變化。although盡管；while當(dāng)……時(shí)候，盡管，然而；if?如果；

untilOL故C選項(xiàng)正確，

點(diǎn)睛：條件狀語從句通常由引導(dǎo)同if或unless引導(dǎo)。條件是指某一件事情實(shí)現(xiàn)之后（狀語從句中的動(dòng)作）,

其它事情（主句中的動(dòng)作）才能發(fā)生，通常譯作“假如”。

3_alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience

A.TravelB.TravelingC.HavingtraveledD.Traveled

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：沿著絲綢之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的經(jīng)歷。"—alongtheoldSilk

Road〃做主語，要用動(dòng)名詞，故B選項(xiàng)正確。

點(diǎn)睛：動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞?ing形式的一種，兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征。在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語。

4.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.

A.isworkingB.wasworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：Susan已經(jīng)辭去了高薪的工作。去年當(dāng)我探望她的時(shí)候，她正在一個(gè)社區(qū)里做

志愿者。Susan辭職發(fā)生在她當(dāng)志愿者之前，hadquit是過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，過去完成時(shí)態(tài)通俗的說就是"過

去的過去”，且結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語whenIvisitedherlastyear可知，Susan做志愿者是過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間段發(fā)

生的情況，故該空應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。B選項(xiàng)正確。

點(diǎn)睛：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間段或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.

A.whichB.whoC.asD.that

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：她和家人騎自行車去上班，這有助于她們保持健康。“一

helpsthemkeepfit"是非限制性定語從句，該從句修飾整個(gè)主句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做主語，故該從學(xué)§

句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。A選項(xiàng)正確。

科§網(wǎng)…學(xué)§科§網(wǎng)…學(xué)§科§網(wǎng)…學(xué)§科§網(wǎng)…學(xué)§科§網(wǎng)…學(xué)§科§網(wǎng)…學(xué)§科§網(wǎng)…學(xué)§科§網(wǎng)…學(xué)§科§網(wǎng)…學(xué)§科§網(wǎng)…

學(xué)§科§網(wǎng)…學(xué)§科§網(wǎng)…

點(diǎn)睛：非限制性定語從句即可修飾主句的一部分，也可以修飾整個(gè)主句。其引導(dǎo)詞的選擇和限制性定語

從句的判斷規(guī)則一致，即：第一、找準(zhǔn)先行詞；第二、看先行詞在定語從句中所作的成分。需要注意的

是，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogetherameal,admirethemoonand

enjoymooncakes.

A.shareB.toshareC.havingsharedD.shared

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在中秋節(jié)期間，家人們通常會(huì)聚在一起吃飯，賞月，品嘗月餅。gather

是謂語動(dòng)詞，"ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes"是狀語，家人聚在一起的

目的是吃飯，賞月，品嘗月餅，表目的用動(dòng)詞不定式，故B選項(xiàng)正確。

點(diǎn)睛：動(dòng)詞不定式可以做主語，狀語，定語，賓語，表語等。動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語時(shí)，可以置于主句之

前也可以置于主句之后，通常譯為“為了”。

7.China'shigh-speedrailwaysfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.

A.aregrowingB.havegrownC.willgrowD.hadgrown

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在過去的幾年里，中國的高速鐵路己經(jīng)從9,000公里增長到25,000公里.該句

時(shí)間狀語為inthepastfewyears。中國高速鐵路的增長是從過去一直到現(xiàn)在幾年里的情況，故該句應(yīng)用

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。B選項(xiàng)正確。

點(diǎn)睛：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，也可以表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是

延續(xù)性的。常見的時(shí)間狀語有;since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句,fortwomonths,sofar,recently,inthepast/last

fewdays等。

8.Inanyunsafesituation,simplythebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.

A.pressB.topressC.pressingD.pressed

【答案】A

【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情況下，僅僅掘一下這個(gè)按鈕，一個(gè)訓(xùn)練有素的特工就會(huì)使

你得到你需要的幫助。and是連詞，連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，and后面是一個(gè)句子，那么，前面也應(yīng)是句子，選項(xiàng)

中只有動(dòng)詞原形可以構(gòu)成祈使句，其余的都是非謂語動(dòng)詞，無法構(gòu)成句子。故A選項(xiàng)正確。

點(diǎn)睛：祈使句+and/or+陳述句是一種常見結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)前后兩部分間為承接關(guān)系時(shí)，用and;前后意思為相反

關(guān)系時(shí)，用or。該句式中的陳述句部分常用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。

9.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhointhemountainsfortwodays.

A.aretrappingB.havebeentrappedC.weretrappingD.hadbeentrapped

【答案】D

【解析】考查語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：一個(gè)救援人員冒著生命危險(xiǎn)挽救了兩個(gè)被困在山里兩天的旅游者。"who

_inthemountainsfortwodays*'是定語從句，修飾twotourists,twotourists和trap之間是被動(dòng)

關(guān)系，該空應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。由risked可知，營救人員救游客是過去的事情，被困兩天發(fā)生在營救人員救了

他們之前，即“過去的過去”，該空應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。綜上，D選項(xiàng)正確。

點(diǎn)睛：過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”，其表達(dá)形

式為haddone.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的表達(dá)形式為hadbeendone.

10.Ordinarysoap,correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.

A.usedB.touseC.usingD.use

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：如果正確使用的話，普通的肥皂可以有效地處理細(xì)菌。Ordinarysoapcan

dealwithbacterialeffectively是主句，correctly是條件狀語，修飾ordinaryso叩，ordinary

soap和use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過去分詞，A選項(xiàng)正確。

點(diǎn)睛：過去分詞所表示的一個(gè)含義就是“被動(dòng)”。

11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbe