新教材高中英語UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION教學知識細解碼學案新人教版選擇性

UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION1．starvevi.&vt.(使)挨餓；餓死→starvationn．餓死；挨餓；絕食2．sustainvt.維持；遭受；承受住→sustainableadj.可持續(xù)的；合理利用的3．comprehensiveadj.全部的；所有的；詳盡的→comprehensionn．理解4．frequentadj.頻繁的；經(jīng)常的→frequentlyadv.頻繁地；經(jīng)?！鷉requencyn．頻率；頻繁5．restrictvt.限制；限定；束縛→restrictionn.限制規(guī)定；限制法規(guī)；約束→restrictiveadj.限制的；限制性的；約束的6．harmonyn．協(xié)調；和睦；融洽；調和→harmoniousadj.和諧的7．originn.起源；開始→originaladj.原始的；最初的；獨創(chuàng)的；新穎的→originatevi.&vt.起源；發(fā)源；創(chuàng)立8．regularadj.定期的；規(guī)律的→regularlyadv.定期地；規(guī)律地→regulatevt.&vi.約束；管理→regulationn.章程；規(guī)章制度9．inspectvt.檢查；查看；視察→inspectionn.檢查；查看；視察10．toleratevt.忍受；包容；容許→tolerantadj.寬容的；容忍的→tolerancen.寬容；容忍1．releasevt.&n.排放；釋放；發(fā)布①Firefighterstooktwohourstoreleasethedriverfromthewreckage. 釋放②Undertheagreement，releasesofcancer-causingchemicalswillbecutbyabout80percent. 排放③Heisreleasinganalbumoflovesongs. 發(fā)布2．seizevt.抓住；奪?。豢刂脾佟癓eigh，”hesaid，“seizingmyarmtoholdmeback.” 抓?、赥roopshaveseizedtheairportandrailwayterminals(鐵路樞紐). 奪?、踀NofficialssaytwomilitaryobserverswereseizedbytheKhmerRougeyesterday. 控制WordsandPhrases知識要點1starvevi.&vt.(使)挨餓；餓死[教材P26]Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody，thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.一位多年研究北極熊的專家說，從北極熊尸體所處位置來看，它看起來是死于饑餓。[例1]Thenewjobdoesn'tpayasmuchbutwewon'tstarve!新工作的工資不多，不過我們不至于挨餓！[例2]Anumberoftheprisonerswesawarestarving.我們看到一些囚犯快要餓死了。[知識拓展](1)starvetodeath 餓死starvefor 渴望；急需(2)starvedadj. 感到很餓的bestarvedtodeath 被餓死bestarvedof/for 極需；缺乏(3)starvationn. 挨餓；餓死[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Thefrontierstationwasstarvedforfoodandwater.②Wholecommunitiesstarvedtodeathduringthelongdrought.③Shewentonastarvation(starve)dietandendedupinhospital.④Ourfactoriesarestarvedof/forfirst-classtechnicalmennow.現(xiàn)在我們的工廠缺少一流的技術人員。[小片段填空]Mr.Whiteearnsonlyalittlewage，sohestarvesforajobwithbetterpay.Yousee，noonelikestostarvetodeath.知識要點2referto查閱，參考；涉及，關于；提到，談起，指的是；提交[教材P26－27]The“natural”greenhouseeffectreferstothefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth'ssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.“自然”溫室效應是指來自太陽的熱量進入大氣層，以短波輻射的形式為地表增溫。[例1]Ipromisednottorefertothematteragain.我答應過不再提這事了。[例2]Pleaserefertotheright-handcolumnofpage200ofthisdictionary.請參看這本詞典第二百頁右面一欄。[知識拓展]refer...to... 把……提交給/委托給referto...as... 把……看作/稱為……[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Tomisgoingtoreferthemattertothemeeting.②QiaoFengisreferredtoasabighero.③Somepeoplereferallthetroublestobadluckinsteadoflackofability.有些人把自己所有的苦惱都歸咎于運氣不佳，而不認為是缺乏能力。知識要點3betrappedin被困在……中[教材P27]Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels，moreheatenergyistrappedintheatmosphereandcausesEarth'ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.當人們通過燃燒化石燃料產生大量額外的溫室氣體時，更多的熱能被困在大氣中，導致地球表面溫度迅速上升。[例1]Shewastrappedintheburninghouse.她被困在燃燒著的房子里了。[例2]Hewastrappedinanunhappymarriage.他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。[知識拓展]trapo(doing)sth. 使某人陷入……的圈套；使上當fallintothetrapofdoingsth. 掉進……的陷阱fallintoatrap 掉進陷阱[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Iwastrappedintotelling(tell)thepoliceallIknew.②Alotofusfallintothetrapoffinding(find)happinessfromtheoutsideworld.③Ifthebuswastrappedinthesnow，therewasvirtuallynowaytoevacuatethosefourkids.如果公共汽車被困在暴風雪中，那么幾乎沒有辦法使這四個孩子撤離。[小片段填空]Thehuntersetatrapwhichwasusedtotraptheanimalintomoving(move)intothetrap.Butthelittleboyfellintothetrapbyaccident.知識要點4resultin導致；造成[教材P27]Continuedgreenhousegasemissionswillresultinfurtherwarmingandlong-lastingchangestotheglobalclimate.不斷排放的溫室氣體將導致全球氣候進一步變暖，造成持久性全球氣候變化。[例1]Foodallergiescanresultinanenormousvarietyofdifferentsymptoms.食物過敏會引發(fā)很多不同的癥狀。[例2]Thesepoliciesresultedinmanyelderlypeoplefeelinghappy.這些政策使得許多老人感到幸福。[知識拓展]resultfrom 由于，由……引起asaresult 結果asaresultof 由于[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Children'sfearanddislikeofbooksmayresultfrombeingmadetoreadaloudbeforeothers.②Asaresultofhisillness，hewaslateforclass.③Whenyoudosomethingwithfaith，itwillresultinsuccess．當你有信心的去做某事時，就會成功。知識要點5restrictvt.限制；限定；束縛[教材P27]Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.我們作為個人也可以通過限制我們的生活方式所產生的二氧化碳量來減少我們的“碳足跡”。[例1]Havingsmallchildrentendstorestrictyourfreedom.有年幼的孩子往往會限制你的自由。[例2]Thelongskirtrestrictedhermovements.長裙妨礙了她的行動。[知識拓展](1)restrict...to... 把……限制在……berestrictedto 限于restrictsb./oneselftodoingsth. 約束……干……(2)restrictionn. 限制規(guī)定；限制法規(guī)；約束withoutrestriction 毫無限制[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Irestrictmyself(me)toonecupofcoffeeaday.②Werestrictthenumberofstudentsperclassto40.③Theparkisopentothepublicwithoutrestriction(restrict)．④Thespeedisrestrictedto30kilometersanhourhere.在此地車速被限制為每小時三十公里。知識要點6seizevt.抓住；奪??；控制[教材P27]Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming...我們有責任抓住每一個機會，教育大家認識全球變暖……[例1]Shetriedtoseizethegunfromhim.她試圖搶奪他的槍。[例2]Thearmyhasseizedcontrolofthecountry.軍隊已經(jīng)控制全國。[知識拓展]seizethechance/opportunity 抓住機會seize...bysurprise 突襲……seizesb.bythearm 抓住某人胳膊seizeon/upon 采用；抓??；利用[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Thetroopseizedthecitybysurprisebeforetheenemiesrealisedit.②Thelittleboyseizedmebythearmtobegforsomemoney.③Weseizeonhisremarkandregarditasapromise.④Bobseizedon/upontherainasanexcuseformissingschool.鮑勃以下雨為借口不去上學。知識要點7submitvt.&vi.提交；呈遞；屈服；順從；認為[教材P28]Accordingtothereportsubmittedbyresearchers，between20and25percentofallannualcarbondioxideemissionsarecausedbythedestructionoftropicalforests.根據(jù)研究人員提交的報告，每年20%至25%的二氧化碳排放量是由熱帶森林的破壞造成的。[例1]Completedprojectsmustbesubmittedby10March.完成的方案必須在3月10日前提交上來。[例2]ButIcannotsubmit，Icanbecomemyownmaster.但我并不會屈服的，我會成為自己的主人的。[知識拓展](1)submitsth.tosb. 提交；呈遞某物給某人submit(oneself)tosb./sth. 順從；屈服submitthat 提議；認為(2)submissiveadj. 服從的；順從的；恭順的submissionn. 屈服；呈送；提交[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Hesubmittedthereportonthemattertothecommittee.②We'llsubmitourselves(us)tothecourt'sjudgement.③Isubmitthatthetermsareentirelyunreasonable.④Thestudentsmustsubmitthemselvestothedisciplinesatschool.學生在學校必須遵守紀律。[小片段填空]Thegeneralhadtosubmittheagreementtotheenemies.Thatistosay，hesubmitted(submit)tothem.SentencePatterns重點句式1Thereislittledoubtthat...[教材P26]ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.毫無疑問，地球正變得越來越暖和。[句式分析]Thereislittle/nodoubtthat...毫無疑問……；doubt后面用that引導同位語從句；當doubt用于否定句和疑問句時，后面的從句用that引導；用于肯定句時，后面的從句用whether引導。[例1]Thereisnodoubtthatitwasastrangeandinterestingsituation.毫無疑問，那是一個奇怪而有趣的局面。[例2]Thereisnodoubtatallthatwedidtherightthing.毫無疑問，我們做得對。[知識拓展](1)Ihavenodoubtthat... 我確信……Ihavesomedoubtwhether... 我懷疑……(2)Idoubtwhether/if-clause 我懷疑……Idon'tdoubtthat-clause 我不懷疑……Doyoudoubtthat-clause? 你懷疑……嗎？[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Idon'tdoubtthathewillsucceed.②Idoubtwhether/ifwewillmakeaprofitoutofit.③Thereisnodoubtthatinyourmindheisinnocent，isthere?④Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcometohelpus．他是否會來幫助我們還有些疑慮。重點句式2notonly...butalso...[教材P27]Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide，notonlycausingseriousdamage，butalsocostinghumanlives.有強有力且詳盡的證據(jù)表明，氣溫上升導致世界范圍內的極端天氣和自然災害增加，不僅造成嚴重破壞，而且造成人員傷亡。[句式分析]句中的notonly...butalso...表示“不但……，而且……”，連接并列的句子結構。[例1]Airnotonlyoccupiesspace，butitalsohasweight.空氣不僅占據(jù)空間，而且它還具有重量。[例2]Shakespearewasnotonlyawriterbutalsoanactor.莎士比亞不僅是一個作家，還是一個演員。[知識拓展](1)notonly與butalso后面所連接的詞的詞性必須對等。(2)notonly只能連用，而butalso既可連用，也可分開用。notonly與butalso后面所連接的詞作主語時，謂語動詞遵循“就近一致原則”，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與butalso后的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。(3)notonly放在句首，后面的句子要用部分倒裝。[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwas(be)invited.②Notonlyareyoufunny，butalsoyouarewitty(機智的)．③Notonlyyoubutalsoshehas(have)toattendtheceremony.④Theoldworkersinstructtheyoungworkersnotonlyinwordsbutindeeds．老工人對青年工人不僅言傳而且身教。1．Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore，soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.[分析]該句為復合句。Expertsclaimed是主句；that引導賓語從句，作claimed的賓語；該賓語從句中的thebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore也是賓語從句，作meant的賓語；causedbyclimatechange是過去分詞作后置定語，修飾lowsea-icelevels；so連接的是并列句。[譯文]專家稱，氣候變化導致的海洋冰川位置低意味著這只熊不能像以前那樣捕獵海豹，因此它必須走更遠的距離才能找到食物。2．Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”，whichhastwocommonmeanings:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”greenhouseeffect.[分析]句中的“calledthe‘greenhouseeffect’”是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾process；which引導非限定性定語從句。[譯文]氣候科學家經(jīng)常提到一個關鍵的氣候過程，叫作“溫室效應”，它有兩個共同的含義：“自然”溫室效應和“人為”溫室效應。教材高考1.Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide，notonlycausingseriousdamage，butalsocostinghumanlives.(2019·北京卷)Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally，you'llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)...however，biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20，000－25，000polarbearsworldwide.2.Continuedgreenhousegasemissionswillresultinfurtherwarmingandlong-lastingchangestotheglobalclimate.(2020·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Hiseffortshaveresultedin1，360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.3.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming...(2019·天津卷)Iwasreadytopayformybananasatthegroceryonenight，whenfearseizedme.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Notonlyhebutalsoweare(be)interestedinfootball.2．Idoubtwhethertheyarenotcheatingpeopleintomakingthebargainsale.3．Droughthasleftmorethantwomillionpeopleclosetostarvation(starve)．4．Theteacherreferred(refer)toinmylastletterhasgoneabroad.5．Theoldmanwastrappedintobuying(buy)asecond-handTVset.6．Thespeechhasresultedinafirestormofcontroversy.7．Disciplineproblemsarebynomeansrestrictedtochildreninfamiliesdependentonbenefits.8．Beforehecouldrunaway，sheseizedhimbythecollar.9．Hehassubmittedhimself(him)asearchbytheguard.10．Whenmolten(melt)steelcools，itchangesintoasolid.Ⅱ.短語填空starvetodeath；referto；betrappedin；takeaction；resultin；submitto1．Thisresultedinaconsiderablelosstotheexchequer(財政部)．2．Luckily，hewasnotmurdered，buttrappedintheelevatorfordays.3．Studytheexampleandrefertotheexplanationbelow.4．Tensofthousandsofpeoplestarvedtodeathbecauseofthecivilwar.5．Theheroicpeoplewillneversubmittoforeignrule.6．TheytookactiontospeedthenewlawthroughParliament(國會)．Ⅲ.課文語法填空ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.In2013，manypeople1.wereshocked(shock)byanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearwhic