2023年12月四級(jí)聽(tīng)力原文全文翻譯

2023年12月四級(jí)聽(tīng)力原文第一套ConversationOneW:Hi,Eric!Howisyourweekend?嗨，埃里克！你周末過(guò)得怎么樣？M:Great!ImetMaria’sparentsandwetoldthemwewanttobeengaged.男：偉大！我碰見(jiàn)了瑪麗亞的父母，我們告訴他們我們想訂婚。W:Eric,that’swonderful.Congratulations!女：埃里克，太棒了。祝賀你!M:Thanks,Alice.Ireallylikeherparents,too.Theyareverynice.Mrs.ComonaspeaksfourlanguagesandMr.Comonaisadiplomat.Infact,hegaveusaspeechatthelawschoolonSaturdaymorning.男：謝謝，愛(ài)麗絲。我也很喜歡她的父母。他們很好。Comona太太會(huì)說(shuō)四種語(yǔ)言，Comona先生是一位外交官。事實(shí)上，他星期六早上在法學(xué)院給我們做了演講。W:Oh,thatwasMaria’sfather?Iheardhisspeech.哦，那是瑪麗亞的父親？我聽(tīng)到他的演講。M:Youdid?男：你呢？W:Well,Iheardpartofitandlistenedtoitfortenminutes,andthenIfellasleep.Ithoughtthatwasinclass.Anyway,tellmeaboutyourweekend.女：嗯，我聽(tīng)到一部分，聽(tīng)了十分鐘，然后我睡著了。我認(rèn)為那是在課堂上。無(wú)論如何，告訴我你的周末。M:Saturdayeveningwesawaplay.AndSundayafternoonwewatchedasoccergame.ThenSundaynightweallwentoutfordinner,Maria,herparents,andme.Thatwasthefirstchancewehadtotalk.W:Wereyounervous?男：星期六晚上我們看了一場(chǎng)戲。星期日下午我們看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽。然后星期日晚上我們一起出去吃飯，瑪麗亞，她的父母，尚有我。那是我們第一次談話的機(jī)會(huì)。女：你緊張嗎？M:AtfirstIwas.Wedidn’tsaymuch.Mr.Comonatoldussomegoodstoriesabouthisexperiencesasadiplomatandheaskedmeaboutmyhobbies.男：起初我是。我們沒(méi)有說(shuō)太多。Comona先生告訴我們一些關(guān)于他的經(jīng)歷的好故事作為一個(gè)外交官，他問(wèn)我關(guān)于我的愛(ài)好。W:Andwhatdidyousay?女：你說(shuō)什么？M:Well,Ididn’ttellhimaboutmyflyinglessons.Itoldhimaboutmychessplayingandmyclassicalmusiccollection.男：嗯，我沒(méi)有告訴他我的飛行課。我告訴他我的下棋和我的古典音樂(lè)收藏。W:Goodidea!Herparentsreallyapproveofyou,don’tthey?好主意！她的父母真的贊成你，不是嗎？M:Iguessso.Mariacalledthismorningandsaid,“Myfathertoldmehe’dlikeyouforason-in-lawrightnow.”男：我想是這樣?，旣悂喗裉煸缟洗螂娫捳f(shuō)：“我父親告訴我，他現(xiàn)在想請(qǐng)你當(dāng)女婿。”W:That’sgreat.女：那太好了。M:Notexactly.Iwanttogetmarriedaftergraduateschoolinaboutthreeyears.男：不完全。我想在三年后畢業(yè)后結(jié)婚。Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.問(wèn)題9至11是基于你剛才聽(tīng)到的對(duì)話。9.Q:WhatdoesEricsayaboutMaria’sfather?問(wèn)：埃里克對(duì)瑪麗亞的父親說(shuō)了些什么？10.Q:WhatdidEricandMariadolastSundayafternoon?問(wèn)：埃里克和瑪麗亞上星期日下午做了什么？11.Q:WhatdowelearnfromMaria’sphonecallthismorning?問(wèn)：我們今天早上從瑪麗亞的電話中學(xué)到了什么？重點(diǎn)詞匯釋義wantto要;<口>應(yīng)當(dāng)beengaged有事；文定；定婚verynice很好;非常好Infact事實(shí)上;事實(shí)上，其實(shí);實(shí)則;說(shuō)起來(lái)lawschool法律學(xué)院partof部分andthen進(jìn)而;于是，然后fellasleep睡著了inclass上課中tellmeabout告訴我關(guān)于…conversationtwoM:You’regoingtowearoutthecomputer’skeyboard.男：你會(huì)穿上電腦的鍵盤。W:Oh,hi!哦，你好！M:Doyouhaveanyideawhattimeitis?M:你知道現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了嗎？W:Abouttenortenthirty?大約十或一零三零？M:It’snearlymidnight.男：快半夜了。W:Really?Ididn’tknowitwassolate.女：真的嗎？我不知道這是如此之晚。M:Don’tyouhaveanearlyclasstoteachtomorrowmorning?男：你明天早上有沒(méi)有早起的課要教？W:Yes,atseveno’clock,mycommuterclass,thestudentswhogotoworkrightaftertheirlesson.女：是的，七點(diǎn)，我的通勤班，他們上課后立即去上班的同學(xué)。M:Thenyououghttogotobed.Whatareyouwritinganyway?男：那么你應(yīng)當(dāng)去睡覺(jué)。你在寫什么？W:AnarticleIhopeIcansell.我希望我能賣一篇文章。M:Oh,anotherofyournewspaperpieces.What’sthisoneabout?男：哦，你的另一份報(bào)紙。這個(gè)是關(guān)于什么的？W:DoyourememberthattripItooklastmonth?你還記得我上個(gè)月的那次旅行嗎？M:TheoneuptotheAmazon?男：一個(gè)到亞馬遜？W:Well,that’swhatI’mwritingabout,thenewhighwayandthechangesit’smakingintheAmazonvalley.女：嗯，這就是我寫的，新的公路和它的變化在亞馬遜河流域。M:Itshouldbeinteresting.男：應(yīng)當(dāng)很有趣。W:Itis.Iguessthat’swhyIforgotallaboutthetime.是的。我想這就是為什么我忘掉了所有的時(shí)間。M:Howmanyarticleshaveyousoldnow?M:你現(xiàn)在賣了多少物品？W:Aboutadozensofar.目前大約有12打。M:Whatkindofnewspapersbuythem?什么樣的報(bào)紙買？W:Thepapersthatcarryalotofforeignnews.TheyusuallyappearinthebigSundayeditionswheretheyneedalotofbackgroundstoriestohelpfillupthespacebetweentheads.這些報(bào)紙上有很多外國(guó)新聞。他們通常出現(xiàn)在大星期日版本，他們需要大量的背景故事，以幫助填補(bǔ)廣告之間的空間。M:Isthereanyfutureinit?M:里面有未來(lái)嗎？W:Ihopeso.There’sachanceImaysellthisarticletoanewsservice.我希望如此。我有機(jī)會(huì)把這篇文章賣給新聞界。M:Thenyourstorywillbepublishedinseveralpapers,won’tit?男：那么你的故事將在幾篇論文中發(fā)表，不是嗎？W:That’stheidea.Andtheymightevenbeabletodootherstoriesonaregularbasis.這就是主意。他們甚至可以定期做其他的故事。M:Thatwouldbegreat.男：那太好了。Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.問(wèn)題12至15是基于你剛才聽(tīng)到的對(duì)話。12.Q:Whatisthewoman’soccupation?12。問(wèn)：女人的職業(yè)是什么？13.Q:Whatisthewomanwritingabout?13。問(wèn)：女人在寫什么？14.Q:Wheredidthewoman’sarticlesusuallyappear?14。問(wèn)：女人的文章通常出現(xiàn)在哪里？15.Q:Whatdoesthewomanexpect?15。問(wèn)：女人期待什么？PassageOneBodylanguage,especiallygestures,variesamongcultures.Forexample,anodoftheheadmeans“yes”tomostofus.ButinBulgariaandGreeceanodmeans“no”andashakeoftheheadmeans“yes”.Likewise,asignfor“OK”,formingacirclewithourforefingerandthumb,meanszeroinFranceandmoneyinJapan.肢體語(yǔ)言，特別是手勢(shì)，在不同的文化中。例如，點(diǎn)頭表達(dá)“是”，我們大多數(shù)人。但在保加利亞和希臘，點(diǎn)頭表達(dá)“不”，搖頭表達(dá)“是”。同樣，一個(gè)“OK”的標(biāo)志，用食指和拇指組成一個(gè)圓圈，意味著法國(guó)的零和金錢在美國(guó)的。WavingorpointingtoanArabbusinesspersonwouldbeconsideredrudebecausethatishowArabscalltheirdogsover.FoldedarmssignalprideinFinland,butdisrespectinFiji.ThenumberofbowsthattheJapaneseexchangeongreetingeachother,aswellasthelengthandthedepthofthebows,signalsthesocialstatuseachpartyfeelstowardstheother.揮動(dòng)或指著阿拉伯商人將被認(rèn)為是粗魯?shù)?，由于這就是阿拉伯人叫他們的狗。芬蘭的雙臂信號(hào)驕傲，但不尊重在斐濟(jì)。日本人互相問(wèn)候的弓箭數(shù)量，以及弓箭的長(zhǎng)度和深度，都反映了對(duì)方對(duì)對(duì)方的社會(huì)地位。Italiansmightthinkyou’reboredunlessyouusealotofgesturesduringdiscussions.ManyAmericanmensitwiththeirlegscrossedwithoneanklerestingovertheoppositeknee.However,thiswouldbeconsideredaninsultinMuslimcountries,whereonewouldnevershowthesoleofthefoottoaguest.意大利人也許認(rèn)為你無(wú)聊，除非你在討論中使用很多手勢(shì)。許多美國(guó)男子盤腿而坐，一只腳踝放在對(duì)面的膝蓋上。然而，這將被認(rèn)為是欺侮穆斯林國(guó)家，其中一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)顯示腳底的客人。Likewise,Americansconsidereyecontactveryimportant,oftennottrustingsomeonewhoisafraidtolookyouintheeye.ButinJapanandmanyLatinAmericancountries,keepingtheeyesloweredisasignofrespect.Tolookapartnerfullintheeyeisconsideredasignofill-breedingandisfelttobeannoying.同樣，美國(guó)人認(rèn)為目光接觸非常重要，經(jīng)常不信任那些不敢直視你眼睛的人。但是在日本和許多拉丁美洲國(guó)家，保持低視力是尊敬的標(biāo)志?？粗粋€(gè)伴侶的眼睛被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)跡象，滋生不良，感到討厭。Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.問(wèn)題16至18是基于你剛才聽(tīng)到的通道。16.Q:WhatgesturedoBulgariansandGreeksusetoexpressnegativeresponses?16。問(wèn)：什么是保加利亞人和希臘人使用手勢(shì)來(lái)表達(dá)負(fù)面的反映？17.Q:WhatislikelytooffendArabbusinesspeople?17。問(wèn)：有什么也許得罪阿拉伯商界人士？18.Q:WhatisconsideredtobeimpoliteinMuslimcountries?18。問(wèn)：在穆斯林國(guó)家，什么是不禮貌的？重點(diǎn)詞匯釋義Bodylanguage身體語(yǔ)言，手勢(shì)語(yǔ)言，肢體語(yǔ)言Forexample例如，譬如;拿...來(lái)說(shuō)signfor簽收acircle一周；一圈businessperson商人becausethat由于，由于Thenumber數(shù)字23eachother互相，彼此aswellas也，又;既…又…;除…之外;此外socialstatus社會(huì)地位;身價(jià)PassageTwoThreeyearago,PantchaMaya,herhusbandandfivechildrenlivedinashakyflatinsouthernNepal.Everymorningtheparentswalkedthedirtroadsseekingworkinthericefields.Aftertheharvest,thefamilywentbeggingforfood.三年前，PantchaMaya，她的丈夫和五個(gè)孩子居住在尼泊爾南部的一個(gè)不穩(wěn)定的平。天天上午，父母走過(guò)土路在稻田里找工作。收獲后，一家人去乞討食物。TodaytheMayasownasmallpaper-bag-makingcompany.Withthemoneythey’veearned,theMayashavepurchasedasmallplotonwhichtheygrowvegetablesandraisegoatsforadditionalincome.Infact,thefamilyhassaved68dollars.Thisisremarkableinacountrywithanaverageannualincomeof160dollars.GraceMumbkaherhusbandandeightchildrenoncelivedhand-to-mouthinCameroon.今天，Mayas自己的一個(gè)小紙袋制造公司。用這些錢他們賺了，Mayas買了一小塊，他們種植蔬菜和增長(zhǎng)額外收入的山羊。事實(shí)上，家庭節(jié)省了68美元。在一個(gè)平均年收入160美元的國(guó)家里，這是非常值得注意的。GraceMumbka的丈夫和八個(gè)孩子曾經(jīng)糊口在喀麥隆。TodaytheMumbkasrunaclothing-manufacturingbusinessandownahome.Theyareabletosendtheirchildrentoschoolatacostlyannualsumof2,800dollars.TheideaofstartingherownbusinessseemedimpossibletoPillarMulyaa,apoorwomanfromAtahualpa,highinEcuador’sAndesMountains.今天的mumbkas經(jīng)營(yíng)服裝制造公司，擁有一個(gè)家。他們能以每年2800美元的代價(jià)把孩子送到學(xué)校。她創(chuàng)業(yè)的想法似乎不也許的支柱mulyaa，來(lái)自Atahualpa一個(gè)可憐的女人，在厄瓜多爾的安第斯山脈。Today,however,she’soneoftheproudownersofabakeryspecializinginsweetcakes.Thesebusinessesarepartofaneconomicrevolutionsweepingthedevelopingworld.ThesponsoristheTrickleUpProgram,anon-profitorganizationfoundedbyNewYorkersGlenandMildredLeet.ThisorganizationofferspeopleliketheMayas,theMubkasandtheMoyasmodest100-dollargrants.Since1979,theprogramhashelpedover130,000oftheworld’sneediestpeoplein90countrieswinsmalllife-savingvictoriesoverpoverty.Andithasturnedconventionalthinkingaboutforeignaidonitshead.然而，今天，她是一家專門從事甜點(diǎn)的面包店的驕傲的老板之一。這些公司是席卷發(fā)展中國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)革命的一部分。發(fā)起人是涓流程序，由紐約格倫和mildredleet成立一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織。這個(gè)組織提供的人喜歡Mayas的mubkas和moyas溫和的100美元贈(zèng)款。自1979以來(lái)，該計(jì)劃已幫助超過(guò)130000的世界上最貧窮的人在90個(gè)國(guó)家贏得小救生戰(zhàn)勝貧困。它已經(jīng)改變了傳統(tǒng)的對(duì)外援助思想。Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.問(wèn)題19至21是基于你剛才聽(tīng)到的通道。19.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutPantchaMaya’sfamilyoverthreeyearsago?20.Q:WhatistheMumbkasabletodonow?19。問(wèn)：什么是我們了解PantchaMaya的家人在三年前嗎？20。問(wèn)：什么是mumbkas能做嗎？21.Q:Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?21。問(wèn)：演講者重要談?wù)撌裁?？重點(diǎn)詞匯釋義shaky動(dòng)搖的;搖擺的;虛弱的;不可靠的Everymorning天天上午workin插進(jìn);引進(jìn);摻和Mayas瑪雅人，瑪雅語(yǔ)(Maya的名詞復(fù)數(shù));<喻>幻境，使生幻覺(jué)的法力(maya的名詞復(fù)數(shù))growvegetables種菜additionalincome額外收入Infact事實(shí)上;事實(shí)上，其實(shí);實(shí)則;說(shuō)起來(lái)annualincome全年所得額;歲入hand-to-mouth無(wú)隔宿之糧的，僅能糊口的ableto能;會(huì)PassageThreeTakecareofyourteethandyourteethwilltakecareofyou.Yourteetharealivingpartofyourbody.Theyhavenervesandbloodvessels.Diseasedteethcancausepain,dieandfallout.Plaqueisthemainenemyofhealthyteeth.Everyonehasplaque.Itisasticky,colorlessfilmthatcoatstheteeth.Plaqueisalwaysformingontheteeth,especiallyatthegumline.Ifplaqueisnotremoved,itbuildsupandgetsunderthegumline.Plaquethatisleftontheteethforsometimehardens.照顧好你的牙齒，你的牙齒會(huì)照顧你。你的牙齒是你身體的一部分。他們有神經(jīng)和血管。患病的牙齒會(huì)引起疼痛，死亡和脫落。牙菌斑是健康牙齒的重要敵人。每個(gè)人都有斑塊。這是一種粘稠的無(wú)色薄膜，覆蓋牙齒。牙菌斑總是在牙齒上形成，特別是在牙齦上。假如斑塊不被移除，它就會(huì)積聚在牙齦線下。牙菌斑留在牙齒上一段時(shí)間硬化。Theresultistoothdecayandgumdisease.Thebacteriainplaqueliveonsugar.Theychangesugarintoacids,whichbreakdownthetooth’sharderoutercovering.Ifleftuntreated,decaygoesdeeperanddeeperintothetooth.Afterawhile,thedecayreachesthenervesandbloodvesselsoftheinnertooth.Bythetimethishappens,thetoothhasprobablystartedtoache.結(jié)果是蛀牙和牙齦疾病。菌斑活在糖上。他們把糖轉(zhuǎn)化為酸，分解了牙齒堅(jiān)硬的外殼。假如不及時(shí)治療，腐爛會(huì)越來(lái)越進(jìn)一步牙齒。過(guò)了一段時(shí)間，腐爛到達(dá)神經(jīng)和血管的內(nèi)齒。到這種時(shí)候，牙齒也許開(kāi)始疼了。Inadditiontotoothdecay,there’realsogumdiseasestowatchoutfor.Thebacteriaandplaquemakepoisonsthatattackthegums.Smallpocketsformaroundtheteeth.Thepocketstrapmorebacteriaandfoodparticles.Finally,thebonesupportingtheteethisattackedandstartstoshrink.Teethbecomelooseandmayfallout.Adultslosemostteeththisway.除了蛀牙，尚有牙齦疾病要當(dāng)心。細(xì)菌和牙菌斑使毒素侵襲牙齦。牙齒周邊形成小口袋。口袋里捕獲更多的細(xì)菌和食物顆粒。最后，支撐牙齒的骨骼受到襲擊并開(kāi)始收縮。牙齒松動(dòng)，也許脫落。成人失去大多數(shù)牙齒這樣。Keepyourmouthhealthy.Whenyoubrushyourteeth,doagoodjob.保持口腔健康。當(dāng)你刷牙時(shí)，做好。Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.問(wèn)題22至25是基于你剛才聽(tīng)到的通道。22.Q:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutourteeth?22。問(wèn)：演講者對(duì)我們的牙齒說(shuō)了些什么？23.Q:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutplaque?24.Q:Whyissugarharmfultoteeth?23。問(wèn)：演講者對(duì)牌匾說(shuō)了些什么？24。為什么糖對(duì)牙齒有害？25.Q:Whatcauseadultstolosemostoftheirteethaccordingtothespeaker?25。問(wèn)：是什么導(dǎo)致成年人失去大部分的牙齒，根據(jù)發(fā)言者？重點(diǎn)詞匯釋義Takecareof照顧;殺掉;對(duì)付;抵消takecare當(dāng)心，小心;堅(jiān)持到底Theyhave他們有…bloodvessels血管(bloodvessel的名詞復(fù)數(shù))fallout爭(zhēng)吵;結(jié)果;解散;掉隊(duì)thatis即;就是;換句話說(shuō);更確切地說(shuō)forsometime一段時(shí)間toothdecay蛀牙liveon繼續(xù)活著;繼續(xù)存在;住在…上;以…為食breakdown失敗;劃分;損壞;衰弱下來(lái)第二套ConversationOneM:Watchit,Mary!看吧，瑪麗！W:What’sthematter?女：怎么了？M:Thisistheendoftheroad.There’sariverjustbeyondthosetrees.這是路的盡頭，有一條河在樹(shù)林的另一邊。W:Anotherriver?I’veneverseensomanyriversanywhereinmylife.Let’sgotakealook.另一條河？我一生中從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這么多河流，我們?nèi)タ纯窗?。M:Thisriveriswideanddeep.這條河又寬又深。W:Yeah,you’resurerightaboutthat.Wearen’tgoingtobeabletoputanyordinarybridgeacrossthisone.女：是的，你說(shuō)得對(duì)，我們不能把普通橋放在這座橋上。M:Dowehavetogetthetrucksovertotheotherside?M:我們必須把卡車翻到另一邊嗎？W:That’swhattheytoldme.那就是他們告訴我的。M:Whataboutaferry?M:渡船怎么樣？W:That’swhatwe’llhavetodoifIcan’tthinkofanythingelse,butit’llreallyslowdowntheoperation.女：這是我們必須做的，假如我想不出別的東西，但它真的會(huì)減慢操作。M:Whataboutflyingtheequipmentoverinahelicopter?M:把設(shè)備放在直升飛機(jī)上怎么樣？W:We’dhavetotakethebigtrucksapartandthenputthembacktogetheragain,slowerthanaferryandalotmoreexpensive.我們必須把大卡車拆開(kāi)，然后再把它們重新放在一起，比渡船慢，并且價(jià)格要貴得多。M:What’reyougoingtodothen?男：那你打算怎么辦？W:Well,I’mbeginningtogetanidea.Haveyoueverheardofapontoonbridge?女：好吧，我開(kāi)始想辦法了，你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)浮橋嗎？M:No.What’sthat?男：不，那是什么？W:It’sabridgethat’ssupportedonboats.Theboatsareanchoredatregulardistancesandtheycarrytheweightofthebridge.這是一座支撐在船上的橋，船在一定距離上拋錨，承載著橋梁的重量。M:Iguessthatmightworkifyouhaveenoughboats,butwon’tittakealongtimetobuildthem?男：我想，假如你有足夠的船，這也許會(huì)工作，但它需要很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間來(lái)建立他們？W:Maybewecanbuythem.也許我們可以買。M:Buythem?男：買嗎？W:Fromsomeofthenativevillagers.I’veseensomefairlybigrowingboats.從一些本地的村民，我見(jiàn)過(guò)一些相稱大的劃艇。M:Idon’tknowaboutthat?Mostofthoseboatsareprettylight.男：我不知道？大多數(shù)船只都很輕。W:Yeah,butifwetiedupabunchofthemtogether,theymightsupportaroad.Let’sfindoutanyhow.是的，但是假如我們把他們捆在一起，他們也許會(huì)支持一條路。M:OK.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.M:好的，問(wèn)題9到11是基于你剛才聽(tīng)到的對(duì)話。9.Whatdothespeakerssayabouttheriverbeyondthetrees?關(guān)于樹(shù)那邊的河流，發(fā)言者說(shuō)了些什么？10.Whatwerethespeakerstoldtodo?演講者被規(guī)定做什么？11.Whatdothespeakersdecidetodofinally?說(shuō)話者最后決定做什么？重點(diǎn)詞匯釋義Watchit注意留神takealook注視goingtobe將成為bridgeacross橋接，跨接thisone這個(gè)haveto必須;不得不，只好;只得;不得已otherside對(duì)方當(dāng)事人Whatabout怎么樣，認(rèn)為如何havetodo必須，不得不，只好thinkof想起;考慮;有…想法;對(duì)…故意見(jiàn)ConversationTwoW:DidyourfatherencourageyoutoclimbMt.Qomolangma？你父親鼓勵(lì)你攀登珠穆朗瑪峰嗎？M:No.IdidaskhimtopullsomestringssothatIcouldclimbwithanIndianexpeditionandheflatlysaid“No”.Heclimbedsothatwewouldn’thaveto.不，我的確規(guī)定他拉一些繩，這樣我就可以和印度遠(yuǎn)征隊(duì)一起攀登，他斷然地說(shuō)“不”。W:Didyouclimbanymountainswithhimwhenyouwereakid?你小時(shí)候和他一起爬山過(guò)嗎？M:Mt.Biciroy,atrainingpeak.W:Whatdidhesayatthetop?M：太biciroy，培訓(xùn)高峰。他在上面說(shuō)了什么？M:Hedidn’ttalkmuch,butfromhissmile,Icouldseehewasproud.他說(shuō)話不多，但從他的微笑，我可以看出他很驕傲。W:TheSherpaviewofclimbingisdifferentfromthewesternview.W：攀登夏爾巴人的觀點(diǎn)是不同于西方的觀點(diǎn)。M:WeSherpasbelievethatmountainsareplaceswherethegodslive,especiallyMt.Qomolangma.Beforeweclimb,weperformreligiousceremoniestoaskgodforpermissionandsafepassage.Sherpasdon’thaveanyinterestinclimbingmountains.Mostlytheyclimbasanecessitytomakemoney,butthewesternworldlooksatMt.Qomolangmaasanotherrockandsays,“Wow,thisisthehighestmountain.Let’sgoconquerit.”Youdon’tconquerMt.Qomolangma.YougoonMt.Qomolangma,justasifyouarecrawlingintoyourmother’slap.男：我們夏爾巴人認(rèn)為山是神居住的地方，特別是珠穆朗瑪峰。之前我們爬，我們要舉行宗教典禮，請(qǐng)上帝許可和安全通道。夏爾巴人在登山?jīng)]有任何愛(ài)好。他們大多爬上賺錢的必要性，但西方世界看山珠穆朗瑪峰一塊石頭說(shuō)，“哇，這是最高的山。讓我們?nèi)フ鞣?。“你不征服珠穆朗瑪峰。你去珠穆朗瑪峰，就仿佛你爬到你媽媽的腿上。W:Let’stalkaboutthedayyoureachedthesummitofMt.Qomolangma.讓我們談?wù)勀愕竭_(dá)珠穆朗瑪峰山頂?shù)哪且惶?。M:MydesiretoclimbMt.Qomolangmagrewevenmoreaftermyfatherdiedin1986.Iwantedtoclimbtounderstandhim.Throughoutthewholeclimb,Ithoughtaboutit.Onthefinalday,Ifeltmyfatherwaspullingorpushingme,becauseIdidn’tknowwherethisenergycamefrom.WhenIfinallygottothetop,Icried.Icouldseemydadtherewithabigsmile.米：我的愿望攀登珠穆朗瑪峰山增長(zhǎng)更在我的父親去世后，在1986。我想爬上去了解他。在整個(gè)攀登過(guò)程中，我想了想，最后一天，我覺(jué)得父親在拉扯我，由于我不知道這股能量從哪里來(lái)，當(dāng)我終于爬到山頂時(shí)，我哭了，我可以看到我爸爸帶著一個(gè)大大的微笑。Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.問(wèn)題12至15是基于你剛才聽(tīng)到的對(duì)話。12.Whatdidthemanaskhisfathertodo?那人叫他父親做什么？13.Whatdowelearnabouttheman’sfatherfromtheconversation?從談話中我們可以了解他父親的情況？14.Howdowesternersviewmountainsaccordingtotheman?西方人怎么看山根據(jù)人？15.WhatdoesthemansayabouthisclimbtothesummitofMt.Qomolangma?那人說(shuō)他攀登珠穆朗瑪峰山的頂峰是什么意思？重點(diǎn)詞匯釋義yourfather老太爺sothat以便;結(jié)果，以致;俾flatly斷然地;直截了本地;干脆地;單調(diào)地haveto必須;不得不，只好;只得;不得已Didyou你differentfrom異于…;不比Sherpas夏爾巴人(Sherpa的名詞復(fù)數(shù))Mt.Matthew(Bookof)<馬太福音>;Mount山，峰religiousceremonies法事PassageOneThereareafewdifferencesintheorganizationofmemorandumsandletters.Memorandumsandlettersdiffersomewhatinappearance.“To”and“From”replacealetter’sinsideaddressandsignatureblock,forexample.Further,lettersareusuallysentoutsidetheorganization,whilememorandumsareusuallyinternalmessages.Asinternalmessages,memorandumstendtobemoreinformalandmoredirectthantheirlettercounterparts.Onesurveyof800businesspeopleshowedtheyspentfrom21to38percentoftheirtimewritingmemorandums.在備忘錄和信件的組織有一些不同。備忘錄和信件在外觀上有所不同?！啊焙汀啊贝嫘艃?nèi)地址和署名塊，例如，信件通常發(fā)送組織外，而備忘錄通常是內(nèi)部消息，內(nèi)部消息，備忘錄往往要比他們的同行更非正式的信更直接。一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示800的生意人，他們花了從21到百分之38的時(shí)間寫備忘錄。Theremustbealotofexecutivesoverwhelmedbythenumberofmemorandumstheyreceived.Asaresult,competitionforthereaders’timeplacesimportanceondirectnessandclarityinmemorandums,soperhapsevenmoresothanwithletters.Memorandumshouldstartwithastatementofthepurposeearlyinthemessage.Memorandumsalsoneedspecialvisualtreatment:keepparagraphsshort,muchlikenewspaperarticles.一定有很多高管此番備忘錄他們收到的數(shù)量。因此，對(duì)于讀者的時(shí)間重視備忘錄直接和清楚的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，也許甚至比字母。備忘錄應(yīng)當(dāng)聲明的目的在消息早。Memorandums還需要特殊的視覺(jué)解決：段落簡(jiǎn)短，就像報(bào)紙上的文章。Computersincreasinglyaidmidandupperlevelmanagerswhopreparetheirownmemorandumswithoutsecretarialhelp.Ifyouprepareyourowncorrespondence,realizetheimportanceofdatingyourmessages.Knowingpreciselywhenyourecommended,ordered,signedoraskedaboutsomethingofteniscrucial.Computersoftencandateinformationforyoueasily.電腦越來(lái)越多的援助中高層管理者自己準(zhǔn)備的備忘錄沒(méi)有秘書的幫助。假如你準(zhǔn)備自己的相應(yīng)關(guān)系，實(shí)現(xiàn)重要的約會(huì)你的消息。知道正是你推薦的，有序的，署名或問(wèn)的東西往往是至關(guān)重要的。電腦往往會(huì)日期信息，你很容易。Anothercharacteristicthatcansetmemorandumsapartfromlettersistheinclusionofhumor.Whentheinternalmessageislight-heartedandrelativelyunimportant,humorinamemorandumcandistinguishitsauthorasapersonwithpersonalityanddepth.Aslongasthehumorisontarget,doesnotembarrassothers,isnotoverdone,andisnottoofrequent,itcanreflectpositivelyonitsauthor.另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，可以設(shè)立備忘錄除了字母是風(fēng)趣的包容。當(dāng)內(nèi)部消息是輕松的和相對(duì)不重要的，在一個(gè)備忘錄的風(fēng)趣可以區(qū)分它的作者作為一個(gè)具有個(gè)性和深度的人。只要風(fēng)趣是針對(duì)性的，不讓別人難堪，也但是分，也但是于頻繁，它可以積極地反映作者。Questions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.問(wèn)題16至19是基于你剛才聽(tīng)到的通道。16.Howdoesthespeakerstarthistalk?演講者如何開(kāi)始他的談話？17.Whatdidthesurveyof800businesspeopleshow?800個(gè)商界人士的調(diào)查顯示了什么？18.Whatdoesthespeakersayismostimportantinmemorandumwriting?演講者在備忘錄寫作中最重要的是什么？19.Whatcharacteristicofamemorandumcanmakereadersthinkhighlyofitswriter?備忘錄的什么特點(diǎn)能使讀者高度評(píng)價(jià)其作者？Thereare有inappearance看起來(lái)，外貌上;貌似insideaddress信紙左上角的收信人姓名與地址signatureblock署名區(qū)Theremustbe一定有alotof諸多;許多的thenumber數(shù)字23evenmore更;更加;越發(fā);還startwith以…開(kāi)始earlyin早在…的時(shí)候PassageTwoAtschoolandatwork,Ihavenoticedthatpeoplehavedifferentkindsofworkhabits.Somepeoplearecollaborators,wholiketoworkingroups.Theyfindthatdoingaprojectwithsomeoneelsemakesthejobmorepleasantandtheloadlighter.Collaboratorsneverworkaloneunlesstheyareforcedto.在學(xué)校和工作中，我注意到人們有不同的工作習(xí)慣，有些人是合作者，喜歡在團(tuán)隊(duì)中工作，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)和別人一起做項(xiàng)目會(huì)讓工作更快樂(lè)，負(fù)載更輕。AsecondcategoryIhadnoticedistheadvice-seeker.Anadvice-seekerdoesthebulkofherworkalone,butfrequentlylookstoothersforadvice.Whenthisworkerhasraisedacrucialpointinherproject,shemayshowittoaclassmateoraco-workerjusttogetanotheropinion.Gettingtheadviceofothersmakesthisworkerfeelsecureaboutherprojectasittakesshape.第二類我所注意到的是advice-seeker.an征詢者做她的大部分工作，但經(jīng)?？磩e人的意見(jiàn)。當(dāng)這個(gè)工人增長(zhǎng)了在她的項(xiàng)目中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，她可以展示給同學(xué)或同事只是為了獲得另一種意見(jiàn)認(rèn)為，得到別人的建議使得工人感覺(jué)她對(duì)項(xiàng)目的安全需要的形狀。AnothertypeofworkerIhavenoticedistheslacker.Aslackertriestoavoidworkwheneverpossible.Ifheseemstobebusyatthecomputer,heisprobablyplayingagameonline.另一種類型的工人，我注意到的是懶鬼，懶鬼試圖盡也許避免工作。假如他似乎在電腦前忙碌，他也許是玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。Andifheiswritingbusily,he’sprobablymakinghisgrocerylist.Slackerswilldoanythingexcepttheworktheyarepaidtodo.Thefinaltypeofworkeristheloner.假如他忙著寫作，他也許使他的雜貨清單。懶蟲(chóng)會(huì)除了他們的工資做工作的事情。工作最終是孤獨(dú)的。Thistypeofworkerprefersworkingalone.Thistypeofworkerhasconfidenceinhisability,andislikelytofeelthatcollaborationisawasteoftime.LonersworkwithothersonlywhentheyareforcedtoCollaborators,advice-seekers,slackersandlonershavedifferentworkstyles,buteachknowstheworkhabitsthathelphimorhertogetthejobdone.這種類型的工人更喜歡獨(dú)自工作。這種類型的員工對(duì)自己的能力有信心，并有也許覺(jué)得合作是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。孤獨(dú)的與別人合作，只有當(dāng)他們被迫合作者、征詢者、游手好閑者和孤獨(dú)者有不同的工作風(fēng)格，但都知道，幫助他或她得到完畢工作的工作習(xí)慣。Questions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.問(wèn)題20至22是基于你剛才聽(tīng)到的通道。20.Whatdocollaboratorsandlonershaveincommon?你的合作者和孤獨(dú)者有什么共同點(diǎn)呢？21.Inwhataspectdoesanadvice-seekerdiffergreatlyfromaloner?在什么方面做的一個(gè)征詢者不同于一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的大嗎？22.Whatdowelearnaboutslackers?我們了解的懶鬼？Atschool在學(xué)校，在上課，在求學(xué)atwork工作中differentkindsof諸般workin插進(jìn);引進(jìn);摻和someoneelse其別人