2023年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試模擬試卷三

2023年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試模擬試卷三[問答題]1.Therearetwodifferentviewsabouthea（江南博哥）lthcare：oneisthathealthcareshouldbefreeforeveryoneandtheotheristhatpeopleshouldpaymedicalcoststhemselves.Youaretogiveyourownopinion.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyouropinion.?提交答案[問答題]2.春節(jié)是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，相當(dāng)于美國(guó)的圣誕節(jié)。美國(guó)小孩能從圣誕老人那里獲得圣誕禮物，而中國(guó)小孩則能從長(zhǎng)輩那里得到“壓歲錢(luckymoney)”，這也是每個(gè)孩子過年時(shí)都熱切期盼的禮物?！皦簹q錢”是長(zhǎng)輩送給孩子的護(hù)身符(amulet)，表達(dá)了長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)孩子的美好祝福，據(jù)說可以使孩子平平安安地度過新的一年?！皦簹q錢”可在晚輩磕頭拜年后當(dāng)眾賞給，也可在除夕夜孩子睡著時(shí)，家長(zhǎng)偷偷地放在孩子的枕頭底下。提交答案共享題干題Athirdoftheplanet'slandisseverelydegradedandfertilesoilisbeinglostattherateof24bntonnesayear，accordingtoanewUnitedNations-backedstudythatcallsforashiftawayfromdestructivelyintensiveagriculture.Thealarming26_____，whichisforecasttocontinueasdemandforfoodandproductivelandincreases，willaddtotherisksofconflictsunless27_____actionsareimplemented，warnstheinstitutionbehindthereport."Asthereadysupplyofhealthyandproductivelanddriesupandthepopulationgrows，competitionis28_____forlandwithincountriesandglobally,"saidexecutivesecretaryoftheUNConventiontoCombatDesertification(UNCCD)atthe.launchoftheGlobalLandOutlook."To29_____thelosses，theOutlooksuggestsitisinallourintereststostepbackandrethinkhowwearemanagingthepressuresandthecompetition."TheGlobalLandOutlookis30_____asthemostcomprehensivestudyofitstype，mappingtheinterlinkedimpactsofurbanization，climatechange，erosionandforestloss.Butthebiggestfactoristhe31_____ofindustrialfarming.Heavytilling，multipleharvestsand32_____useofagrochemicalshaveincreasedyieldsatthe33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]1.空白處26.應(yīng)填A(yù).absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]2.空白處27.應(yīng)填A(yù).absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]3.空白處28.應(yīng)填A(yù).absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]4.空白處29.應(yīng)填A(yù).absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]5.空白處30.應(yīng)填A(yù).absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]6.空白處31.應(yīng)填A(yù).absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]7.空白處32.應(yīng)填A(yù).absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]8.空白處33.應(yīng)填A(yù).absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]9.空白處34.應(yīng)填A(yù).absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelythe33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[單選題]10.空白處35.應(yīng)填A(yù).absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimatelyTakeNap8atWork.ApologizetoNoOne(A)InthepasttwoweeksI’vetakenthreenapsatwork，atotalofanhourorsoofshut-eyewhileontheclock.AndIhavenoshameoruncertaintyaboutdoingit.Icouldn'tfeelbetteraboutit，andmyproductivityreflectsit，too.(B)Sleepingonthejobisoneofthoseworkplacetaboos—likeleavingyourdeskforlunchortakinganafternoonwalk—thatwe'retaughttolookdownon.Ifsomeonenapsat2p.m.whiletherestofusfuriouslywritememosandrespondtoemails，surelyitmustmeanthey'reslackingoff(偷懶).Orsotheassumptiongoes.(C)Restfulnessandrechargingcantakeabackseattotheperceptionandappearanceofproductivity.It'seasiertostayonavirtualhamster(倉(cāng)鼠)wheelofactivitybyimmediatelyrespondingtoeveryemailthanitistomeasureaggregateproductivityoveragreaterperiodoftime.Butagrowingfieldofoccupationalandpsychologicalresearchisbuildingthecaseforrestfulnessinpursuitofgreaterproductivity.(D)Companiesaresufferingfromtremendousproductivityproblemsbecausepeoplearestressedoutandnotrecoveringfromtheworkday，saidJoshBersin，principalandfounderofBersinbyDeloitte."They'rebeginningtorealizethatthisistheirproblem，andtheycan'tjustsaytopeople，‘Here'sawork-lifebalancecourse，goteachyourselfhowtomanageyourinbox,'"Mr.Bersinsaid.“It'swaymorecomplicatedthanthat."(E)Tobesure，theabilitytonapatworkisfarfromwidespread，expertssaid.Fewamongushavetheluxuryofbeingabletostepawayforahalf-hoursnoozefest.Butlunchhoursandcoffeebreakscanbegreattimestoduckout，andyourincreasedproductivityandalertnesswillbealltheevidenceyouneedtomakeyourcasetoinquiringbosses.(F)Inanidealworld，we'dallsolvethisproblembyunpluggingearlyandgettingagoodnight'ssleep.Here'sourguideonhowtodojustthat.Butthenextbestthingisstealingawayforaquickpowernapwhenyou'redraggingafterlunch.(G)InastudypublishedinNatureNeuroscience，researcherstestedsubjectsontheirperceptualperformancefourtimesthroughouttheday.Performancedeterioratedwitheachtest，butsubjectswhotooka30-minutenapbetweentestsstoppedthedeteriorationinperformance，andthosewhotooka60-nunutenapevenreversedit.(H)"Napshadthesamemagnitudeofbenefitsasfullnightsofsleepiftheyhadaspecificqualityofnap,"saidSaraMednick，aco-authorofthestudyandassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia，Riverside.(I)Dr.Mednick，asleepresearcherandtheauthorofTakeaNap!ChangeYourLife，saiddaytimenappingcanhavemanyofthebenefitsofovernightsleep，anddifferenttypesofnapsofferspecificbenefits.J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep，ornon-rapideyemovement(non-REM)sleep.(K)After60minutes，youstartgettingintorapideyemovement(REM)sleep，mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep，dreamingstateweallenjoyatnight.REMsleepcanimprovecreativity，perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking，whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas，Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat，yourbestbetisa90-minutenap，whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.(L)Anynap，however，canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday，expertssaid.(M)Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied（緊密相連）toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology，butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechnologyhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.(N)“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,"Mr.Bersinsaid."Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools，moreemails，moreslack，morechatter，andwe'lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey'vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem，anditisaffectingproductivity，engagement，health，safety，wellnessandallsortsofthings.”(O)Itisn'tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta（午睡）.A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.(P)"They’reactiveinthemorning，thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime，butthey'renotgenerallynapping,"saidJeromeSiegel，professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences，anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy."Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep，andtheysleepthroughthenight.”(Q)Still，Mr.Siegelsaid，"theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight'ssleep.”Therealrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight，whichexpertssayisoptimal.(R)"Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,"Mr.Siegelsaid."Butit'snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”(S)Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning，evenifyoucan'tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight.Thishelpsacclimate（使適應(yīng)）yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime，regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.(T)Soifyou'vemadeitthisfarandyou'reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here'saquickguidetotheperfectnap：Findaquiet，unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon'tbedisturbed.

·Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp，too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou'relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia（睡眠惰性），whichwillleaveyouevengroggier（頭腦昏沉的）thanbefore.[單選題]11.Participants'perceptualperformancebecamebetteraftersleepingonehourbetweentests，accordingtoanarticleinNatureNeuroscience.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK）LL）MM）NN）OO）PP）QQ）RR）SS）TT）J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep，ornon-rapideyemovement(non-REM)sleep.(K)After60minutes，youstartgettingintorapideyemovement(REM)sleep，mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep，dreamingstateweallenjoyatnight.REMsleepcanimprovecreativity，perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking，whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas，Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat，yourbestbetisa90-minutenap，whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.(L)Anynap，however，canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday，expertssaid.(M)Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied（緊密相連）toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology，butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechnologyhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.(N)“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,"Mr.Bersinsaid."Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools，moreemails，moreslack，morechatter，andwe'lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey'vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem，anditisaffectingproductivity，engagement，health，safety，wellnessandallsortsofthings.”(O)Itisn'tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta（午睡）.A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.(P)"They’reactiveinthemorning，thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime，butthey'renotgenerallynapping,"saidJeromeSiegel，professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences，anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy."Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep，andtheysleepthroughthenight.”(Q)Still，Mr.Siegelsaid，"theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight'ssleep.”Therealrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight，whichexpertssayisoptimal.(R)"Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,"Mr.Siegelsaid."Butit'snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”(S)Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning，evenifyoucan'tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight.Thishelpsacclimate（使適應(yīng)）yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime，regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.(T)Soifyou'vemadeitthisfarandyou'reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here'saquickguidetotheperfectnap：Findaquiet，unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon'tbedisturbed.

·Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp，too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou'relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia（睡眠惰性），whichwillleaveyouevengroggier（頭腦昏沉的）thanbefore.[單選題]12.JeromeSiegelfoundthatonlybysleepingsoundlythroughthepreviousrughtcouldpeopletackletheirwearinessduringtheday.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK）LL）MM）NN）OO）PP）QQ）RR）SS）TT）J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep，ornon-rapideyemovement(non-REM)sleep.(K)After60minutes，youstartgettingintorapideyemovement(REM)sleep，mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep，dreamingstateweallenjoyatnight.REMsleepcanimprovecreativity，perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking，whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas，Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat，yourbestbetisa90-minutenap，whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.(L)Anynap，however，canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday，expertssaid.(M)Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied（緊密相連）toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology，butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechnologyhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.(N)“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,"Mr.Bersinsaid."Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools，moreemails，moreslack，morechatter，andwe'lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey'vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem，anditisaffectingproductivity，engagement，health，safety，wellnessandallsortsofthings.”(O)Itisn'tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta（午睡）.A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.(P)"They’reactiveinthemorning，thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime，butthey'renotgenerallynapping,"saidJeromeSiegel，professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences，anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy."Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep，andtheysleepthroughthenight.”(Q)Still，Mr.Siegelsaid，"theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight'ssleep.”Therealrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight，whichexpertssayisoptimal.(R)"Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,"Mr.Siegelsaid."Butit'snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”(S)Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning，evenifyoucan'tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight.Thishelpsacclimate（使適應(yīng)）yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime，regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.(T)Soifyou'vemadeitthisfarandyou'reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here'saquickguidetotheperfectnap：Findaquiet，unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon'tbedisturbed.

·Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp，too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou'relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia（睡眠惰性），whichwillleaveyouevengroggier（頭腦昏沉的）thanbefore.[單選題]13.Ourtalentiscloselylinkedtoworkingwithconcentrationforlongperiodsoftimebecausetechnologymakesusaccessible24/7.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK）LL）MM）NN）OO）PP）QQ）RR）SS）TT）J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep，ornon-rapideyemovement(non-REM)sleep.(K)After60minutes，youstartgettingintorapideyemovement(REM)sleep，mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep，dreamingstateweallenjoyatnight.REMsleepcanimprovecreativity，perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking，whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas，Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat，yourbestbetisa90-minutenap，whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.(L)Anynap，however，canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday，expertssaid.(M)Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied（緊密相連）toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology，butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechnologyhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.(N)“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,"Mr.Bersinsaid."Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools，moreemails，moreslack，morechatter，andwe'lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey'vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem，anditisaffectingproductivity，engagement，health，safety，wellnessandallsortsofthings.”(O)Itisn'tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta（午睡）.A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.(P)"They’reactiveinthemorning，thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime，butthey'renotgenerallynapping,"saidJeromeSiegel，professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences，anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy."Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep，andtheysleepthroughthenight.”(Q)Still，Mr.Siegelsaid，"theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight'ssleep.”Therealrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight，whichexpertssayisoptimal.(R)"Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,"Mr.Siegelsaid."Butit'snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”(S)Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning，evenifyoucan'tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight.Thishelpsacclimate（使適應(yīng)）yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime，regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.(T)Soifyou'vemadeitthisfarandyou'reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here'saquickguidetotheperfectnap：Findaquiet，unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon'tbedisturbed.

·Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp，too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou'relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia（睡眠惰性），whichwillleaveyouevengroggier（頭腦昏沉的）thanbefore.[單選題]14.Takinganapatworkisnormallyregardedaslazinessthatshouldbeheldincontemptandavoidedintheworkplace.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK）LL）MM）NN）OO）PP）QQ）RR）SS）TT）J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep，ornon-rapideyemovement(non-REM)sleep.(K)After60minutes，youstartgettingintorapideyemovement(REM)sleep，mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep，dreamingstateweallenjoyatnight.REMsleepcanimprovecreativity，perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking，whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas，Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat，yourbestbetisa90-minutenap，whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.(L)Anynap，however，canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday，expertssaid.(M)Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied（緊密相連）toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology，butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechnologyhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.(N)“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,"Mr.Bersinsaid."Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools，moreemails，moreslack，morechatter，andwe'lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey'vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem，anditisaffectingproductivity，engagement，health，safety，wellnessandallsortsofthings.”(O)Itisn'tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta（午睡）.A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.(P)"They’reactiveinthemorning，thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime，butthey'renotgenerallynapping,"saidJeromeSiegel，professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences，anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy."Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep，andtheysleepthroughthenight.”(Q)Still，Mr.Siegelsaid，"theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight'ssleep.”Therealrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight，whichexpertssayisoptimal.(R)"Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,"Mr.Siegelsaid."Butit'snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”(S)Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning，evenifyoucan'tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight.Thishelpsacclimate（使適應(yīng)）yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime，regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.(T)Soifyou'vemadeitthisfarandyou'reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here'saquickguidetotheperfectnap：Findaquiet，unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon'tbedisturbed.

·Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp，too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou'relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia（睡眠惰性），whichwillleaveyouevengroggier（頭腦昏沉的）thanbefore.[單選題]15.Nappingfor20to60minutes，peoplecangetintonon-rapideyemovementsleepwhichmayimprovetheirmemoryandlearningabilityaccordingtoDr.Mednick.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK）LL）MM）NN）OO）PP）QQ）RR）SS）TT）J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep，ornon-rapideyemovement(non-REM)sleep.(K)After60minutes，youstartgettingintorapideyemovement(REM)sleep，mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep，dreamin