文藝復(fù)興【英文】Renaissance課件

RenaissanceSpecialThanksToMs.StewartforthePowerPoint文藝復(fù)興【英文】Renaissance課件1APSStandardsWHI.13ThestudentwilldemonstrateknowledgeofdevelopmentsleadingtotheRenaissanceinEuropeintermsofitsimpactonWesterncivilizationby:identifyingtheeconomicfoundationsoftheItalianRenaissance;sequencingeventsrelatedtotheriseofItaliancity-statesandtheirpoliticaldevelopment,includingMachiavelli’stheoryofgoverningasdescribedinThePrince;citingartistic,literary,andphilosophicalcreativity,ascontrastedwiththemedievalperiod,includingLeonardodaVinci,Michelangelo,andPetrarch;comparingtheItalianandtheNorthernRenaissance,andcitingthecontributionsofwriters.APSStandardsWHI.13Thestuden2DoNowWriteadefinitionfortheword,‘rebirth’DoNow3Lesson1ObjectivesSWBATidentifyfactorsthatcontributedtothebeginningoftheRenaissanceLesson1Objectives4FactorsthatContributedtotheBeginningoftheRenaissanceTradeandcommerceincreasedCitiesgrewlargerandwealthierNewlywealthymerchantsandbankerssupportedthegrowthoftheartsandlearningTheRenaissancewasanageofrecoveryfromthedisastersofthe14thcentury,suchastheplague,politicalinstability,andadeclineofChurchpowerRecoverywenthand-in-handwitharebirthofinterestinancientculture(e.g.,ancientGreeceandRome)AnewviewofhumanbeingsemergedaspeopleintheItalianRenaissancebegantoemphasizeindividualabilityFactorsthatContributedtoth5DoNowWhatwasoneofthefactorsthatcontributedtothebeginningoftheRenaissance?DoNow6Lesson2ObjectivesSWBATdiscusswhattheRenaissancewasandwhereitbegan.SWBATsequenceeventsrelatedtotheriseofItaliancity-statesandtheirpoliticaldevelopment,includingMachiavelli’stheoryofgoverningasdescribedinThePrince.Lesson2ObjectivesSWBATdiscu7TheRenaissancewasaculturalmovementandatimeofrenewal(EuropewasrecoveringfromtheDarkAgesandtheBlackDeath/BubonicPlague)Renaissancemeans“rebirth”

ofclassicalknowledgeand“birth”ofthemodernworld(newintellectualandartisticideasthatdevelopedduringtheRenaissancemarkedthebeginningofthemodernworld)WhatwastheRenaissance?TheRenaissancewasacultural8WheredidtheRenaissancebegin?ItalyItalianCitiesUrbanSocietiesMajorTradingCentersSecularMovementPeoplelosttheirfaithinthechurchandbegantoputmorefocusonhumanbeingsandmaterialpossessionsWheredidtheRenaissancebegi9WhendidtheRenaissanceTakePlace?Roughlythe14th

tothe17thcenturyWhendidtheRenaissanceTake10HowdidtheCrusadescontributetotheRenaissance?Crusades(1095–1291)=ReligiouslysanctionedmilitarycampaignswagedbyRomanCatholicsagainstMuslimswhohadoccupiedtheneareastsincetheRashidunCaliphate(foundedafterMuhammad’sdeathin632,theRashidunCaliphatewasoneofthelargestempiresofthetimeperiod)IncreaseddemandforMiddleEasternproductsStimulatedproductionofgoodstotradeinMiddleEasternmarketsEncouragedtheuseofcreditandbankingHowdidtheCrusadescontribut11TheBlackDeath:BubonicPlague1330s-AnoutbreakofdeadlybubonicplagueoccurredinChinaMainlyaffectsrodents,butfleascantransmitthediseasetopeopleOncepeopleareinfected,theyinfectothersveryrapidlyPlaguecausesfever,painfulswellingofthelymphglands,andspotsontheskinthatareredatfirstandthenturnblack=BlackDeathSinceChinawasoneofthebusiestoftheworld'stradingnations,itwasonlyamatteroftimebeforetheoutbreakofplagueinChinaspreadtowesternAsiaandEuropeIn1347,ItalianmerchantshipsreturnedfromatriptotheBlackSea,oneofthekeylinksintradewithChina.WhentheshipsdockedinSicily(Italy),manyofthoseonboardwerealreadydyingofplague.WithindaysthediseasespreadtothecityandthesurroundingcountrysideTheBlackDeath:BubonicPlagu12BubonicPlagueContinuedAfterfiveyears25millionpeopleweredead--one-thirdofEurope'spopulation.Evenwhentheworstwasover,smalleroutbreakscontinued,notjustforyears,butforcenturies.Thesurvivorslivedinconstantfearoftheplague'sreturn,andthediseasedidnotdisappearuntilthe1600s.Thediseasetookitstollonthechurchaswell.PeoplethroughoutChristendomhadprayeddevoutlyfordeliverancefromtheplague.Whyhadn'tthoseprayersbeenanswered?Anewperiodofpoliticalturmoilandphilosophicalquestioninglayahead.BubonicPlagueContinuedAfter13文藝復(fù)興【英文】Renaissance課件14PoliticalIdeasoftheRenaissanceNiccolòMachiavelli(1469-1527)AnItalianPhilosopherandWriterbasedinFlorenceduringtheRenaissanceThePrince(Publishedin1532)Machiavellibelieved:“Onecanmakethisgeneralizationaboutmen:theyareungrateful,fickle,liars,anddeceivers,theyshundangerandaregreedyforprofit”Machiavelliobservedcity-staterulersofhisdayandproducedguidelinesforhowtogainandmaintainpower.

AbsoluteRuleHefeltthatarulershouldbewillingtodoanythingtomaintaincontrolwithoutworryingaboutconscience.PoliticalIdeasoftheRenaiss15BetterforarulertobefearedthantobelovedRulershouldbequickanddecisiveindecisionmakingRulerkeepspowerbyanymeansnecessaryTheendjustifiesthemeansBegoodwhenpossible,andevilwhennecessaryToday,theterm“Machiavellian”referstotheuseofdeceitinpoliticsBetterforarulertobefeare16VideoClipDiscoveryEducation“ThePoliticsofThePrince”VideoClipDiscoveryEducation17GuidedPracticeExcerptsfromMachiavelli’s,ThePrinceChapterXVIIWhetheritisbettertobelovedthanfearedChapterXVIIIHowrulersshouldkeeptheirpromisesGuidedPracticeExcerptsfromM18DoNow:Lesson3AHowdidItaliancity-statesinfluencetheRenaissance?DoNow:Lesson3A19Lesson3ObjectivesSWBATsequenceeventsrelatedtotheriseofItaliancity-statesandtheirpoliticaldevelopmentandidentifytheeconomicfoundationsoftheItalianRenaissance(e.g.,explaintheimportanceofthegrowthoftowns,theriseofamoneyeconomy,andthedevelopmentofindependentcity-statestothebirthandspreadofRenaissanceideas)Lesson3ObjectivesSWBAT20MajorItalian

City-StatesMilanVeniceFlorenceTyrrhenianSeaAdriaticSeaMilanOneoftherichestcities,itcontrolstradethroughtheAlps.VeniceLocatedontheAdriaticSea,itisamajortraderoutebetweenAsia&Europe.FlorenceControlledbytheMediciFamily,whobecamegreatpatronsofthearts.GenoaGenoaHadAccesstoTradeRoutesAllofthesecities:HadaccesstotraderoutesconnectingEuropewithMiddleEasternmarkets?ServedastradingcentersforthedistributionofgoodstonorthernEuropeRomeHeadquartersoftheCatholicChurchRomeMajorItalian

City-StatesMila21文藝復(fù)興【英文】Renaissance課件22ItalianCity-StatesBecauseItalyfailedtobecomeunitedduringtheDarkAges,manyindependentcity-statesemergedinItaly.Eachcity-statewascontrolledbyapowerfulfamilyanddominatedbyawealthymerchantclass.TheirinterestinartandemphasisonpersonalachievementhelpedtoshapetheItalianRenaissance.Example:TheMedicifamilyofFlorencerankedamongtherichestmerchantsandbankersinEurope;theyruledFlorenceforover70years.ItalianCity-StatesBecauseIta23CentralizedPowerOnegoverningauthority(ex.U.S.FederalGovernment;principals)controlspoweroverseveralsmallerentities(ex.Stategovernments;teachers)CentralizedPowerOnegoverning24ReminderRenaissancemeans“rebirth”ofinterestinancientculture(GreeceandRome)ReminderRenaissancemeans“reb2528.4TheInfluenceofItalianCity-States28.4TheInfluenceofItalian26DoNow:Lesson3BHowdoestradehelpspreadculture,ideas,beliefs,etc.?DoNow:Lesson3B2728.3TheGrowthofTradeandCommerce28.3TheGrowthofTradeandC28Activity:Act-It-OutWorkingroupsEachgroupwillreceiverolecardsReviewrolecardsanduseinfo.fromtheReading(28.3)togenerateideasforhowtoaccuratelybringyourcharactertolifeTakeafewminutestoprepareandpracticeEachgroupwillconductthe‘Act-It-Out’Activity:Act-It-OutWorkingr29DoNowWhydoyouthinkartwassoinfluentialduringtheRenaissance?DoNow30Lesson4ObjectivesSWBATciteartistic,literary,andphilosophicalcreativity,ascontrastedwiththemedievalperiod,by:Learningabouttheelementsofclassical,medieval,andRenaissanceartIdentifyingtheperiod–classical,medieval,orRenaissance–inwhichsixartworkswerecreatedLesson4ObjectivesSWBATcite31TheRenaissanceproducednewideasthatwerereflectedinthearts,philosophy,andliterature.Patrons,wealthyfromnewlyexpandedtrade,sponsoredworkswhichglorifiedcity-statesinnorthernItaly.Educationbecameincreasinglysecular.TheRenaissanceproducednewi32Classicalartshowedtheimportanceofpeopleandleaders,aswellasgodsandgoddessesMedievalartandliteraturefocusedontheChurchandsalvationRenaissanceartandliteraturefocusedontheimportanceofpeopleandnature,alongwithreligionClassicalartshowedtheimpor33Activity:

Classical,Medieval,orRenaissance?Think,Pair,ShareLookateachpieceofartworkanddeterminewhichperiodtheartworkisfrom:Classical,Medieval,orRenaissanceListthreereasonsforyourchoiceUseyournotesandtheinformationfromyourreading(HistoryAlive!28.2)forhelpActivity:

Classical,Medieval,34文藝復(fù)興【英文】Renaissance課件35ShareNow,let’sseehowwedid!Classical=Raise1FingerMedieval=Raise2FingersRenaissance=Raise3FingersShareNow,let’sseehowwedid36ClassicalArt

HistoryAlive!Pg.316‘Discobolus’Figureswerelifelikebutoftenidealized(moreperfectthaninreallife)Figureswerenudeordrapedintogas(robes)Bodieslookedactive,andmotionwasbelievableFaceswerecalmandwithoutemotionScenesshowedeitherheroicfiguresorrealpeopledoingtasksfromdailylifeClassicalArt

HistoryAlive!P37MedievalArt

HistoryAlive!Pg.317‘NarthexTympanum'Mostartwasreligious,showingJesus,saints,peoplefromtheBible,andsoonImportantfiguresinpaintingswereshownaslargerthanothersaroundthemFigureslookedstiff,withlittlesenseofmovementFigureswerefullydressedinstiff-lookingclothingFaceswereseriousandshowedlittlefeelingPaintcolorswerebrightMedievalArt

HistoryAlive!Pg38RenaissanceArt

HistoryAlive!Pg.317‘TheSchoolofAthens’ArtistsshowedreligiousandnonreligiousscenesArtreflectedagreatinterestinnatureFigureswerelifelikeandthree-dimensional,reflectinganincreasingknowledgeofanatomyBodieslookedactiveandwereshownmovingFigureswereeithernudeorclothedScenesshowedrealpeopledoingeverydaytasksFacesexpressedwhatpeoplewerethinkingPaintingswereoftensymmetrical(balanced,withtherightandleftsideshavingsimilaroridenticalelements)RenaissanceArt

HistoryAlive!39DoNowDescribesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenMedievalartandRenaissanceartDoNow40Lesson5ObjectivesSWBAT:Citeartistic,literary,andphilosophicalcreativity,ascontrastedwiththemedievalperiod,includingLeonardodaVinci,Michelangelo,andPetrarchComparetheItalianandtheNorthernRenaissance,andcitingthecontributionsofwritersLesson5ObjectivesSWBAT:41RenaissanceartistsembracedsomeoftheidealsofancientGreeceandRomeintheirart.ThepurposeofartwouldnolongerbetoglorifyGod,asithadbeeninMedievalEurope.Artistswantedtheirsubjectstoberealisticandfocusedonhumanityandemotion.NewTechniquesalsoemerged.Renaissanceartistsembraceds42ArtandPatronageItalianspatrons(financialsupporters)werewillingtospendalotofmoneyonartArtcommunicatedsocial,political,andspiritualvaluesandtherefore,theconsumptionofartwasusedasaformofcompetitionforsocial&politicalstatus.ArtandPatronage43WhatwasdifferentintheRenaissance?RealismPerspectiveEmphasisonindividualismGeometricalarrangementoffiguresLightandshadowingSofteningofedgesArtistabletolivefromcommissionsWhatwasdifferentintheRena44CharacteristicsofRenaissanceArtCharacteristicsofRenaissance451.Realism&ExpressionExpulsionfromtheGardenMasaccio1427Firstnudessinceclassicaltimes.1.Realism&ExpressionExpulsi462.PerspectivePerspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Firstuse

oflinear

perspective!Perspective!Perspective!TheTrinityMasaccio1427Whatyouare,Ioncewas;whatIam,youwillbecome.2.PerspectivePerspective!Pers474.EmphasisonIndividualismBatistaSforza&FedericodeMontefeltre:TheDuke&DutchessofUrbinoPierodellaFrancesca,1465-1466.4.EmphasisonIndividualismBa485.GeometricalArrangementofFiguresLeonardodaVinci1469Thefigureasarchitecture!TheDreyfusMadonna

withthePomegranate5.GeometricalArrangementof496.Light&Shadowing/SofteningEdgesChiaroscuro:useoflightandshadeSfumato:gradualblendingofoneareaofcolorintoanotherwithoutasharpoutlineGinevrade'Benci,ayoungFlorentinenoblewomanwho,attheageofsixteen,marriedLuigiNiccoliniin1474.6.Light&Shadowing/Softening50Bornin1475inasmalltownnearFlorence,isconsideredtobeoneofthemostinspiredmenwhoeverlived;hewasasculptor,painter,engineer,architect,andpoet.Bornin1475inasmalltownn51DavidMichelangelocreatedhismasterpieceDavidin1504.TheBiblicalshepherd,David(whokilledGoliath)recallstheharmonyandgraceofancientGreektraditionDavidMichelangelocreatedhis52

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53SistineChapelAboutayearaftercreatingDavid,PopeJuliusIIsummonedMichelangelotoRometoworkonhismostfamousproject,theceilingoftheSistineChapel.DepictsthebiblicalhistoryoftheworldfromtheCreationtotheFloodSistineChapelAboutayearaft54CreationofEveCreationofAdamSeparationofLightandDarknessTheLastJudgmentCreationofEveCreationofAda55Pieta1499

MarbleSculptureCapturesthesorrowoftheVirginMaryasshecradlesherdeadson,JesusonherkneesPieta1499

MarbleSculptureCa56MosesMoses571452-1519Painter,Sculptor,Architect,Mathematician,Engineer1452-151958MonaLisa

(1503-1506)MonaLisa

(1503-1506)59TheLastSupper

(1495-1498)JesusandhisapostlesonthenightbeforethecrucifixionTheLastSupper

(1495-1498)Jes60NotebooksLeonardodaVincidissectedcorpsestolearnhowbonesandmusclesworkNotebooksLeonardodaVincidis61Raphael

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1483-1520Raphael

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1483-152062TheSchoolofAthens1510FrescoVaticanCityAnimaginarygatheringofgreatthinkersandscientistsPerspectiveSubjectsaremainlysecular,butcanbereligiousFigureslookidealized,butcanalsolooklikeeverydayordinarypeopleBodiesareactiveClothedorunclothedFacesareexpressiveDetailTheSchoolofAthens1510Fresc63PythagorasSocratesPlatoandAristotlePythagorasSocratesPlatoandAr64EuclidZoroaster&PtolemyRaphael(back)

EuclidZoroaster&PtolemyRapha65NorthernRenaissanceTheRenaissanceinnorthernEurope(outsideItaly)TherewasincreasedculturalexchangebetweenEuropeancountriesPrintedmaterialshelpedtospreadideasCentralizationofpoliticalpowermadethenorthernRenaissancedistinctfromtheItalianRenaissance(e.g.,nation-statesinsteadofItaliancity-states)NorthernRenaissanceTheRenais66?GrowingwealthinNorthernEuropesupportedRenaissanceideas.?NorthernRenaissancethinkersmergedhumanistideaswithChristianity.?Themovabletypeprintingpressandtheproductionandsaleofbooks(GutenbergBible)helpeddisseminateideasandallowedmorepeopletobecomeeducated.文藝復(fù)興【英文】Renaissance課件67Culturalandeducationalreform

Thestudyofclassicalculture(ancientGreeceandRome),incontrastwiththestudyofthingsrelatedtothechurchandreligionCelebratedtheindividual

Wassupportedbywealthypatrons(financialsupporters)Culturalandeducationalrefor68LiteratureflourishedduringtheRenaissanceandspreadRenaissanceideas,whichcanbegreatlyattributedtoJohannesGutenberg.In1455Gutenbergprintedthefirstbookproducedbyusingmoveabletype,TheBible,andstartedap