2023年屆普陀區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)一模(含答案與)

第第6頁(yè)共20頁(yè)普陀區(qū)2017學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期終教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)控測(cè)試高三英語(yǔ)試卷考生留意：120140本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩局部。全部答題必需涂〔選擇題〕或?qū)憽卜沁x擇題〕在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名，并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置上，在答題紙反面清楚地填寫(xiě)姓名。第I卷ListeningComprehensionSectionA10%Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Motherandchild.C.Husbandandwife.

B.Teacherandstudent.D.Bossandsecretary.A.Theylikereadingtoday’spaper.Theyareinterestedintoday’spaper.Theyfoundnothinginterestingintoday’spaper.Theyhavenoideawhatthepaperisabout.A.Intheconcert. B.Inthetheatre. C.Intheexhibition. D.Inthestudio.A.Gettingreadytoboardaplane.Queuingupforthecheck-in.Meetingfriendsatthearrivals.Waitingatthebaggageclaimarea.A.Themandoesn’tcarewhichcolourischosen.Thewomanprefersthecolour.Themanisconcernedaboutthecolour.Themanintendstochooseadifferentcolour.A.Doingalotofhomework.C.Sleepingforashortbreak.

B.Stayingfocusedinclass.D.Devotingallhersparetimetolearning.A.Hewaschairmanoftheclub.Hewantedtolearnanewlanguage.Hewantedtoknowmoreabouttheclub.Hewasinterestedininternationaladvertisement.A.Themanshouldworkhard.C.Themanmayhaveanotherchance.A.Itsendingisnotgoodenough.C.Itdeservesanaward.A.Shelikeswatchinginsteadofplaying.C.Shedoesn’tlikeanofsts.

B.Themanshouldturndownthejoboffer.D.Themancanapplyforthejobagain.B.Itsstructureisnotsatisfying.D.Itisgoodexceptforthewritingskills.B.Sheisagoodteamsportsplayer.D.Shelikestakingpartinteamsports.SectionB15%Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswerson yourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Itcontainsprotein.C.Ithelpsthebrainworkproperly.

B.Itcontainswater.D.Afullstomachleadstoagoodsleep.A.Sleephelpsthebraincontrolthesenses.Sleeppromotesrest.Sleephelpsthebrainreviseandstoreinformation.Sleepreducestiredness.A.Factorsrelatedtomemorydevelopment.C.Theimportanceofimprovingmemory.

B.Theimportanceofagoodmemory.D.Themiserycausedbyapoormemory.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingweatherforecast.A.MountainousArea.C.EasternEurope.A.Snowy.C.Rainy.A.NorthernpartsoftheMediterranean.EasternpartsoftheMediterranean.CentralpartsoftheMediterranean.SouthernpartsoftheMediterranean.

B.NorthernEurope.D.SouthernEurope.B.Cloudy.D.Fine.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.1.A.Auniversitytutor.C.Anoverseasstudyofficer.

B.Aninsuranceadviser.D.Avisaofficer.A.Itispurchasedinthecountryyouwilltravel.Itprovidesjustafewkindsofmedicalservices.Itprovidesdoctorswhomayspeakyournativelanguage.Itofferssufficientcashtopaytheentirebillonthespot.A.Itmustbepurchasedinone’shomecountrybeforegoingabroad.Itdoesnotcovertheminormedicalexpenses.Itonlyrecommendsnativedoctorswhenyouareaboard.Itfeaturespersonalpayingfirstandgettingmoneylater.20.A.Consultotherinsurancecompanies.Buythestudenthealthinsurance.Gettheinternationaltravelinsurance.Chooseneitherinsurancesinceitisnotamust.GrammarandvocabularySectionA10%Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.房車(chē)OntheRoadRecreationalvehicles(RVs)areatypicallyAmericaninvention.Nationally,salesroseto430,000unitslastyear,a40-yearhigh.Attheinexpensiveend,theysellforaslittleas$5,000foracaravan( 大篷車(chē));deluxeversionscostupto$1,000,000andaretypicallyequippedwithabedroom,kitchenandbathroomthatarebiggerthanonesinmanyEuropeanflats.ThesharepricesofThorIndustries,thebiggestRV-manufacturerinAmerica,andWinnebago,thethird-largest,(21) (rise)by43%and17%,respectivelysofar.Thatisabigchange.Duringthe2008-09recession,notesMr.Troiano,theownerofContinentalRV,RVdealershipseverywherecloseddown,leavinghisshopamongtheveryfew(22) (leave)servingtheNewYorkmetropolitanarea.Mr.Troianoisontrack(23) (sell)moreRVsthisyearthaninanyothersincetheearly2000s.Thecurrentrebound(反彈)ismostly(24) theeconomy’srecovery,butitalsospringsfromthefactthatnewtypesofcustomerareembracingthelifestyle.Adecadeago,theaverageageofanRV-ownerwas49,andover90%werewhite,says KevinBroomoftheRecreationalVehicleIndustryAssociation(RVIA),whichdoesn’tindicateabrightfuture.Anotherboostcomesfromsufficientimmigrants,(25) arekeentoexperiencelong,self-plannedroadtripsinAmerica.Mr.Troiano’smostrecentbigsalewasto(26) richAsianfamily.Theindustryhopesthatitspoorrecordwithforeignsales—lastyearlessthan1%ofRVsproduceddomestically(27) (ship)toforeignmarkets —mayimprove,too.China’sgovernment,forexample,hasplannedtobuild2,000campgroundsby2020,upfromanestimated300today,inabidtopromotedomestictourism,particularlytoremoteruralregions.ChinesefirmssuchasYutongBusmakeRVs,butnotofthequalitythatmanyChinesewant.Thecountryimported1,000vehicleslastyear,overhalfofthemAmerican.RVmanufacturersarealsomarketingtheconcept(28) theirmotorhomescanbecommercialaswellasleisurevehicles.They(29) allowtravellingsalesmen,businessmentosaveonfoodandhotelcosts.(30) youparkit,itcanbeyouroffice,aswellasyourhome.【答案】21.haverisen 22.left 23.tosell 24.dueto/owingto 25.who26.a 27.wereshipped 28.that 29.can 30.Wherever【解析】21,考察動(dòng)詞，sofar表示迄今為止，時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，rise是不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故為haverisen22，考察動(dòng)詞，句意為“留下他在紐約大都會(huì)區(qū)為數(shù)不多的幾家商店?！眑eft表示剩下的。23，考察動(dòng)詞，句意為“自從21世紀(jì)初以來(lái)，特洛伊諾先生今年的出售房車(chē)數(shù)量將超過(guò)其他房車(chē)?！眛odo表目的。24，考察固定搭配，dueto表示由于“目前的反彈主要是由于經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇，但也源于型消費(fèi)者寵愛(ài)這種生活方式。”25，考察定語(yǔ)從句，句意為“另一個(gè)推動(dòng)力來(lái)自足夠的移民，他們渴望在美國(guó)長(zhǎng)期生活，自主打算的旅行?！眞ho代指上文中的移民26，考察冠詞，to后接賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)中缺少冠詞，且并未指定，所以用冠詞a27，考察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，RVs只能被運(yùn)去，不行能自己運(yùn)去，所以填wereshipped。28concept所以用that29can30whereverSectionB10%Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accompaniedB.commerciallyC.computerizedD.contentsE.declineF.distinguishG.funded H.measuresI.potentiallyJ.processingK.respondTrainingtheBraintoHearBetterThedin〔喧囂〕ofaloudrestaurantorpartycanmakeconversationdifficultforanyone--butfortheelderly,thesesettingscanmakeitnearlyimpossible.Themechanicsofhearing 31 withage,butthelatestresearchfocusesonanotherpartoftheproblem----theslower 32 speedofagingbrains,whichhavetoworkhardertotranslatesoundintointelligible(可理解的)language.Researchshowsthatmusiciansarebetterabletopickoutspeechfromsurroundingnoiseastheyagecomparedtonon-musicians.Andanewstudyofauditorytrainingwitha33availablebraintrainingprogramsuggeststhatmostpeoplewhoarehardofhearingcandevelopthesameskills.Thescientistsshowedthatpeopletrainedfor40hoursover8weekswithPositScience’s“BrainFitness”wereabletomorewordsfrombackgroundnoisecomparedtothosewhowatchededucationalDVDsandwerequizzedontheir 34 afterthesameamountoftime.Theauthorsreceivednofundingfromthemakersoftheprogram;thestudywas 35 bytheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Theresearchincluded67olderadultsbetween55and70,withanaverageageof63.Theauditorytrainingcameintheformof 36 hearingtasksthatprimedtheparticipantstohearbetterbyrequiringthemto identify various speech sounds and 37 between similarsoundingsyllables(音節(jié)),forexample,aswellasrepeatingbackwordsandrememberingstories.BoththosewhoreceivedthetrainingandthosewhowatchedtheDVDsweretestedonshorttermmemory,brainprocessingspeedandtheabilitytohearspeechinnoisysettings.Alloftheparticipantsshowedimprovementinthesethree38,butforthefirsttime,thescientistsalsodocumentedthatthesharperhearingwas39byearliersignalinginthebrainstem.Astheauthorswriteintheirpaper,thetrainingnotonlyimprovedtheabilitytodecodespeechinnoisysituations,butalsospedupthebrain’sabilityto40tothesound---bringingittomore“youthful’’levels.【答案】31-35EJBDG 36-40CFHAK【解析】31，考察動(dòng)詞，前文意思是吵鬧的環(huán)境對(duì)于老年人的對(duì)話影響不大，而且通過(guò)常識(shí)也能知道聽(tīng)力隨著年齡增大而下降，因此選E32，考察動(dòng)詞，句意為“年輕的大腦的處理速度較慢，為了將聲音轉(zhuǎn)化為可理解的語(yǔ)言，必需努力工作?！贝竽X是處理信息的地方，因此選J33，考察形容詞，句意為“一項(xiàng)關(guān)于聽(tīng)覺(jué)訓(xùn)練和商業(yè)性大腦訓(xùn)練打算的爭(zhēng)論說(shuō)明，大多數(shù)聽(tīng)力障礙的人可以進(jìn)展一樣的技能?！睉?yīng)選B34，考察名詞，句意為“科學(xué)家們說(shuō)明，與那些觀看教育DVD并在一樣的時(shí)間內(nèi)承受其內(nèi)容測(cè)驗(yàn)的人相比，使用PositScienceBrainFitness8個(gè)星期40小時(shí)的人能夠從背景噪音中選擇出41％?！币虼诉xD35，考察動(dòng)詞，和前文中的funding照應(yīng)，應(yīng)選G36，考察形容詞，與后文中的speechsound照應(yīng)，這里是電腦制作的聲音，因此選C37，考察動(dòng)詞，between用于兩者之間，文意為從兩種聲音中區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)，應(yīng)選擇F38，考察名詞，前文中介紹的都是措施，因此這里選擇H39，考察固定搭配，beaccompaniedby表示“伴隨著”，句意為“科學(xué)家還記錄了更早期的腦干信號(hào)伴隨著更清楚的聽(tīng)力?！睉?yīng)選A40，考察固定搭配，respondto表示“對(duì)。。。作出回應(yīng)”因此選擇KReadingComprehensionSectionA15%Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Depression:SecondBiggestCauseofDisabilityintheWorldDepressionisthesecondmostcommoncauseofdisabilityworldwideafterbackpain,accordingtoareviewofresearch.Thediseasemustbetreatedasaglobalpublichealth 41 ,expertsreportinthejournalPLOSMedicine.Thestudy 42 clinicaldepressionwithmorethan200otherdiseasesandinjuriesasacauseofdisability.Globally,onlyasmallproportionofpatientshave 43 totreatment,theWorldHealthOrganizationsays.Depressionwas44atnumbertwoasaglobalcauseofdisability,butitsimpactvariesindifferentcountriesandregions.45,ratesofmajordepressionwerehighestinAfghanistanandlowestinJapan.IntheUK,depressionwasratedatnumberthree_46yearslivedwithadisability.Dr.AlizeFerrarifromtheUniversityofQueensland’sSchoolofPopulationHealthledthestudy.“Depressionisabigproblemandwe_ 47 needtopaymoreattentiontoitthanweare now,”shetoldBBCNews.There’sstillmoreworktobedoneinarousingawarenessofthediseaseandalsoin 48 treatingit.

successful ways of“Theburdenisdifferentbetweencountries,soittendstobehigherinlowandmiddleincomecountriesand 49 inhighincomecountries.”P(pán)olicy-makershadmadeanefforttobringdepressiontotheforefront,buttherewasalotmoreworktobedone,sheadded.“There’sosowsa(health,”sheexplained.

50 withmental“Whatonepersonresasdisablingmightbedifferenttoanotherpersonandmightbedifferentcountriesaswell.Therearelotsofcul5t1uralandinterpretationsthatcomeinplace,whichmakesitthemoreimportantto52awarenessofthesizeoftheproblemandalsosi.andhowto53Thedata---fotheyear2010—followsimilastudiein1990and2000lookinattheglobaburdenofdepression.Commentingonthestudy,Dr.DanielChisholm,ahealtheconomistatthedepartmentformentalhealsubstanceabuseattheWorldHealthOrganizationsaiddepressionwasaverydisablingcondition.“It’health54andabigproblemtobereflectedonbutnotenoughisbeingdone.”Aroundtheworldo55ofpeoplegetanysortoftreatmentordiagnosis.TheWHOrecentlylaunchedaglobalmentalhealthactionplantoraiseawarenessamongpolicy-makers41.A.concernB.issueC.priorityD.discussion42.A.comparedB.combinedC.confusedD.contacted43.A.objectionB.accessC.adaptationD.contribution44.A.consideredB.evaluatedC.determinedD.ranked45.A.ForexampleB.InadditionC.InotherwordsD.Allinall46.A.inregardofB.innameofC.intermsofD.infaceof47.A.probablyB.definitelyC.significantlyD.randomly48.A.comingupwithB.makingupC.puttingupwithD.consistingof49.A.severerB.heavierC.lighterD.lower50.A.relatedB.associatedC.relevantD.close51.A.ingredientsB.interactionsC.implicationsD.identities52.A.removeB.recreateC.raiseD.rise53.A.avoidB.treatC.cureD.detect54.A.challengeB.agreementC.predictionD.outcome55.A.amountB.proportionC.quantityD.population【答案】41-45CABDA【解析】

46-50CBADB

51-55CCDAB41，考察名詞，句意為“專家在PLOSMedicine雜志上報(bào)道，該疾病必需被視為全球公共衛(wèi)生優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)?！眛hesecondmostcommoncauseofdisabilitywrdieC42，考察固定搭配，comparesth.Withsth與超過(guò)200種其他疾病和損害作為致殘緣由進(jìn)展比較”43，haveaccesstoshB44，thesecondmostcommoncauseofdisabilitywolwd，應(yīng)當(dāng)表示排名，應(yīng)選擇D45，考察固定搭配，上文說(shuō)明不同地區(qū)和國(guó)家的影響不同，因此下文應(yīng)當(dāng)為舉例來(lái)解釋前文所說(shuō)。 Forexample，比方，應(yīng)選擇A46，考察固定搭配，句意為“在英國(guó)，抑郁癥以殘疾人的年數(shù)計(jì)算，排名第三?！?，intermsof，以。。。為依據(jù)47，考察副詞，前文中都表示抑郁癥格外嚴(yán)峻，因此此處表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)為強(qiáng)調(diào)的，確定的definitl確定的，所以選B48，考察固定搭配，句意為“在喚醒人們對(duì)這種疾病的生疏方面還有很多工作要做，并且還有在想出成功的治療方法方面也有很多要做?！眂omeupwith，想出49，考察形容詞，與上文中的“higher，middle”相照應(yīng)，這是一個(gè)遞減的過(guò)程，應(yīng)選lower50，考察動(dòng)詞，句意為“我們知道有很多與精神安康相關(guān)的病癥”，beassociatedwith，與。。。相關(guān)51，考察名詞，與“interpretation”，解釋，照應(yīng)，應(yīng)選擇C52，考察動(dòng)詞，與上文中喚醒人們關(guān)注抑郁癥的文意相照應(yīng)，應(yīng)選擇C53，考察動(dòng)詞，越早的抑郁癥越好治療，因此是早點(diǎn)覺(jué)察它，應(yīng)選擇D54A55BSectionB22%Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Etiquette禮節(jié))DigitalEtiquette,ornetiquette,isasetofrulesforhowtobehaveonline.It’salotlikelife etiquette,whichisbasicallyhavinggoodmannersandtreatingotherswithrespect. It’sjustasimportantinourdigitallives,includinghowweactinonlinegamesorhowwecommunicatein emails,texts,instantmessagesandonsocialnetworkingwebsites.Alloftheseplatformsletustalkandshareinstantlywhereverweare.Unfortunately,somepeoplecanlosecontrolthesecondtheyjumponline.Whentheydisagreewithsomeone,orhavestrongfeelingaboutatopic,theyendupsayingstuffthey’dneversayinperson!TheymaysendruderemailsandIMsortrytostartargumentsonmessageboards.That’scalledflaming,anditcanleadtofull-onflamewars,insultingargumentsbetweentwoormoreusers. OntheInternet,it’sprettyeasytostayanonymous,orunidentified.Havingasecretidentitytohidebehindcanmakepeopleprettybrave.Andwhenalltheyseeofyouisscreennameorafunnyicon,theymightforgetthatthey’redealingwitharealhumanbeing!Theprincipleissimple:Justlikeinreallife,youshouldtreatotherpeoplethewayyouwanttobetreated.Youwouldn’twantsomebodytoberudetoyou,sodon’tberudetoanyoneelse.Ofcourse,netiquetteisn’tjustaboutbeingnice;it’salsoaboutcommunicatingclearly. That meanskeepingemailsandIMsclear,andtothepoint.Italsomeansmakingyourmessageseasytoreadandunderstand,whichcandependonyouraudience.Forinstance,someabbreviationsandemoticonsmaybefinewithfriends.Butthey’regenerallynotappropriateinformalcommunication.Andwhateveryoudo,don’twriteinallcapitalletters!Writinginallcapsmakesitseemlikeyou’reyelling.Lastly,makesureyouaskpermissionbeforepostinganythingaboutyourfriendsonablogorasocialnetworkingsite.People’spersonalinformationisprivate,andyoucanreallyruinrelationshipsifyoupostsomethingthatafriend—orafriend’sparents—don’twantontheweb.AndkeepinmindthattheInternetisnotaprivateplace;ifyouwouldn’twantaparent,teacherorfutureemployertoseesomethingyoupost,don’tpostit!Accordingtothepassage,theusersofsocialmediaareadvised totriggerargumentsonmessageboardstobehaveonlinewithcommoncourtesytoberespectfulofothersonlineratherthanofflinetoapplyabbreviationsandemoticonsasmanyaspossibleWhymightananonymousInternetuserfeelboldenoughtosayhorriblethingsinresponsetoablogpost?Becausehecanmakemorefriendsifhesaysmeanthings.Becauseheknowshisfriendswillrecognizehimandthinkbetterofhim.Becausehecaninsultothersandnotworryaboutrevenge.Becausehecanimpressolder,smarterpeoplewithhisremarks.Whichofthefollowingisthebestwaytotextyouruncletosayyou’llbebackinanhour?B.C. D.Whichofthefollowingisaclearruleaboutpostingphotosonline?Ifyoutakeaphotograph,itisyourstodoasyoupleaseonline.Informationaboutyourfriends,includingphotographs,isprivate.It’sillegaltopostpicturesonlinewithoutpermissionfrompeopleinthepictures.Youshouldalwaysavoidpostingimagesontheinternet.(B)Recyclingatwork-handyhintstoemployersItisestimatedthatavoidablewastecostsUKbusinessesupto4.5%oftheirannualrevenue.Reducingwasteintheworkplaceisaboutbeingefficient.Bybecomingmoreefficient,businessesnotonlyincreaseprofitsbuttheyalsosavenaturalresources.SettingupacompanyschemeGeteveryoneinvolvedArouseawarenessinternallywithinthecompany,perhapsbyputtingupeducationalposters.Appointapersontobethepointofcontactforanyonewithqueries(問(wèn)訊).Therearealsoacoupleofwaystoincreasemotivation:Holdinternalcompetitionsbetweendifferentdepartments.Forexample,seewhichcanreducetheirwastethemostwithinaspecifictimeperiod.Sendoutregularnewslettersreportingonallwasteimprovements.Staffwillthenseetheimpacttheiractionsarehaving.Whattorecycleandhow8/20頁(yè)10/20頁(yè)P(yáng)aperAccordingtoarecentsurvey,65%ofwasteproducedispaperwaste.Wastepaperwillinevitablybeproducedintheworkplace,butitisnotnecessarytodiscardit.Itcanserveavarietyofpurposesbeforeitisrecycled,suchaswritingnotes.Envelopestoocanbereusedforinternalmail.PlasticcupsRatherthansupplyingdisposableplasticcupsinyourworkplace,getceramicmugsthatcanbereused.Notonlydotheymakeyourteatastebetter,buttheycanreduceyourofficewastebyupto10%!ElectricalequipmentRatherthangivinguponanyoldelectricalequipmentandjustthrowingitaway,whynottryupgradingit?Thisreduceswaste,aswellasavoidingtheneedtomanufactureanewmachine-aprocesswhichcreatesalargeamountofwaste.Youcouldalsoconsiderdonatingyouroldcomputerstocharitieswhenitcomestoreplacingthem.Whatcantheemployerdistributetomotivatestafftorecyclemore?Educationalposters.C.Regularnewsletters.

B.Annualreports.D.Competitionrules.Whatcanbeboughttocutdownonthewasteproducedbystaffrefreshments?Disposablegoods.C.Envelopes.

B.Writingnotes.D.Ceramictableware.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthehints?UnwantedPCscanbesenttocharitiesifthecompanyhastobuynewones.Wastepapercanbeusedasenvelopesforinternalmailsbeforebeingthrownaway.Oneofthestaffshouldbeassignedtoberesponsiblefortherecyclingissue.Educationalposterscanbedisplayedintheworkplacetopublicizetherecyclingscheme.(C)Givenhowvaluableintelligenceandautomationare,wewillcontinuetoimproveourtechnologyifweareatallableto.Atacertainpoint,wewillbuildmachinesthataresmarterthanweare.Oncewehavemachinesthataresmarterthanweare,theywillbegintoimprovethemselves.AndthenweriskwhatthemathematicianIJGoodcalledan“intelligenceexplosion”.Theprocesscouldgetoutofcontrol.Theconcernisreallythatwewillbuildmachinesthataremuchmorecompetentthanweare.Andtheslightestdivergencebetweentheirgoalsandourowncoulddestroyus.Justthinkabout howwerelatetoants.Wedon’thatethem.Wedon’tgooutofourwaytoharmthem.Infact,sometimeswetakepainsnottoharmthem.Westepoverthemonthesidewalk.Butwhenevertheirpresenceseriouslyconflictswithoneofourgoals,wewillkillthemwithouthesitation.Theconcernisthatwewillonedaybuildmachinesthat,whetherthey’reconsciousornot,couldtreatuswithsimilardisregard.Thebarefactisthatwewillcontinuetoimproveourintelligentmachines.Wehaveproblemsthatwedesperatelyneedtosolve.Sowewilldothis,ifwecan.Thetrainisalreadyoutofthe station,and there’snobraketopull.Ifwebuildmachinesthataremoreintelligentthanweare,theywillverylikelydevelopinwaysthatwecan’timagine,andexceedusinwaysthatwecan’timagine.SoimaginewehituponadesignofsuperintelligentAIthathasnosafetyconcerns.Thismachinewouldbetheperfectlabor-savingdevice.Itcandesignthemachinethatcanbuildthe machinewhichcandoanyphysicalwork,poweredbysunlight,moreorlessforthecostofrawmaterials.Sowe’retalkingabouttheendofhumanlabour.We’realsotalkingabouttheendofmostintellectualwork.Sowhatwouldapeslikeourselvesdointhiscircumstance?WhatwouldsomenationsdoiftheyheardthatsomecompanyinSiliconValleywasabouttodeploy(配置)asuperintelligentAI?Thismachinewouldbecapableofstartingwar,whetherterrestrial( 陸地的)orcyber,withunbelievablepower.GiventhatthecompaniesandgovernmentsbuildingsuperintelligentAIarelikelytoperceive(感知)themselvesasbeinginaraceagainstallothers,andthattowinthisraceistowintheworld,itseemslikelythatwhateveriseasiertodowillgetdonefirstunlessitisdestroyedinthenextmoment.Butthemomentweadmitthatinformationprocessingisthesourceofintelligence,wehavetoadmitthatweareintheprocessofbuildingsomesortofgod.Nowwouldbeagoodtimetomakesureit’sagodwecanlivewith.Whenanintelligentmachinebecomessmarterthanhumanity, .itwillmakeitselfbetterandmaygobeyondhumancontrolitwillhelppeopletothefullest,especiallyinphysicalworkitwillthreatenpeoplebyrobbingthemofjobsitwillviewitselfashumanrace64.Theunderlinedword“divergence”inParagraph2almostmeansthesameas“ ”.A.connection B.hatred C.competition D.disagreementHowisthepassagemainlydeveloped?Bymakingcomparisons.Byshowingvalidevidence.Bygivingassumptions.Byanalyzingstatistics.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?FortheGod’ssake,stopAIandbeyourselves!CanwebuildAIwithoutlosingcontroloverit?FororagainstAI,thatisthequestion!Howdoessuperintelligenceservethepeople?SectionC8%Directions: Readthepassagecarefully. Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.ParentssimplycannotcontrolalltheParentssimplycannotcontrolallthepossiblepathstheirchildrenmaytake.Researchindevelopmentalpsychologyoughttohelpparentsrelax.Ifawomanworksoutsidethehome,she’sdeprivingherchildrenofherconstantattention,butifshestayshome,shetendstogiveherchildrentoomuchlove.AccordingtoFreud,afterthefirstfive“formativeyears”endedinthecrisisoftheOedipalComplex(俄狄浦斯情結(jié)),thechild’spersonalitywassetforlife.Parentsstillhaveamajorroletoplay,butnowitismoredelicate.Obviouslyit’sgoodtogivechildrenstimulationandattentionfromthestart,butonewrongstepwillnotParentingAnxietyRelievedWomanareinsecurebecausethereisnocommonlyacceptedideaofwhatitmeanstobeagoodmother.Fathershaveiteasierinthisregard;theyjusthavetoshowupandtheyareautomaticallyconsidered“good”,whereasmothersarealwaystryingtoprovetothemselvesandtheworldthattheyaren’t“bad”. 67 .Insomeways,thingsaregettingworse.Yearsago,awomanwasallowedfiveyearstoshapeherchild’spersonality.Inrecentyears,however,somepsychologiststellmothersthatthefirstthreeyearsoflifearethemostimportant,whileothersthinkthatallcriticaleventshappenduringthefirstyear.Ironically,thispanicaboutdoingtherightthingtoproducetheperfectchildisprobablytheworstthingforthechildandtheparent. 68 Hereiswhy.First,itisnotharmfultochildreniftheirmotherswork.Motherswhoneglecttheirownneedandabilitiesforthesakeoftheirchildrendonotbenefittheirchildren,theirmarriageorthemselves.Second,thereisnocrucialmoment orstageinearlychildhoodinwhichachild’sfateisdetermined forever. 69 .Childrenaremoreflexiblethanthat.Researchalsofindsthatsomechildrenwhohavehadthebestparentalcareandguidancelatergiveintodrugs,addiction,mentalillnessorviolence. 70 Betweentheparents’besteffortsandtheresultingchildlieotherfactors:thechild’snature,geneticallyinfluencedcharacters,experiencesoutsidethefamilyandthechild’sknowledgeofevents.Parentscanhelpaninbornshychildlearntocopebetterinsituationsthatmakethechildanxious,buttheyaren’tgoingtoturnherintoBritneySpears.SummaryWriting10%Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinno morethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.“WhereYouGo”Doesn’tMatterSoMuchDuringthefallmonthsathighschoolguidancecounselingprograms,juniorsruntothestagetoparticipateinanexercisetotryandhelpthemunderstandthatitisnot“whereyougo”thatmatters.Theyholdpostersfeaturingthenamesandfacesoffamouspeoplewhiletheirpeersandparentsshoutoutwithconfidencethenamesofelitecolleges(名校)theyassumethecelebritiesattended.The“oohs”and“aahs”followastheaudiencelearnthatStevenSpielberg,SteveJobsandBillGatesdroppedoutofcollegeandthatKenBurnsgraduatedfromHampshireCollege.Ifevenafewstressedstudentsandtheiranxiousparentsbenefitfromthisinformation,it