2013年廣西成人教育學(xué)士學(xué)位英語考試指引-翻譯專題練習(xí)

Wushu,orChinesemartialart,canbetracedbacktoancienttimes.ItisagemfoChinesetraditionalculture.TheChineseWushuAssociationandinternationalWushuFederationhavebeenworkingveryhardtopopularizewushuandmaketheChinesemartialartclosertotheOlympicMovement.WushuwasacceptedtojoinbowlingandinternationalstandarddanceasanOlympicdemonstrationevent.Theboomingofwushuisattributednotonlytotheattractivenessofthesportbutalsotoemigrantchinesewushumastersovertheyears.Martialartistsoftheoldergenerationshavesownwushuseedsinforeigncountries.Wushu,whichcanbeusedasselfdefenseandcankeeppractitionersfitandstrong,soonbecamepopularonnewlands.Todaysuperbwushumastersareactiveallovertheworldandamateursareontheincreasewitheachpassingday.翻譯：武術(shù)在我國源遠流長，是中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化的瑰寶。為了更好的推廣武術(shù)運動，使其與奧運項目接軌，中國武協(xié)和國際武聯(lián)做了大量的艱苦卓絕的工作?，F(xiàn)在武術(shù)運動已被列為一種與寶齡球運動和國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)舞有同等地位的奧運表演項目。武術(shù)的蓬勃發(fā)展，除得益于其項目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武術(shù)大師功不可沒。老一代武術(shù)家在海外播種下了武術(shù)的種子，使武術(shù)這門既可以自衛(wèi)又可以健身的運動很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武術(shù)大師已遍布世界各地，武術(shù)愛好者也與日俱增。Chineseisoftentermedaveryoldlanguage.Allhumanlanguagesgobacktothedimuncertaintyofprehistory,FivethousandyearsagotheancestorsofChinesepeoplespokeanearlyformofChineselanguageinmuchthesamewaythattheancestorsofEnglish-speakingpeoplewereusinganearlyformoftheEnglishlanguage.however,Chineseisindeedaveryoldlanguage.TheearliestwrittenformsofChineseinexistencetodaydatebacknearly4,000yearsT.hesewritingsareincisionsonbonesandtortoiseshell.Mostoftheinscriptionsareoracular,dealingmostlywithpoliticalandreligiousevents,orwithweatherorwarfare.Chinesehasanabundanceofancientwritingsthatreachbackcontinuouslyintimefurtherthanthewritingsofanyotherlanguageintheworld.SomeoftheearliestwrittenChinesecharacterswerequitepictographic.翻譯：漢語常被認(rèn)為是一種非常古老的語言。人類所有的語言都可以追溯到朦朧的史前時期。5000年前華夏祖先說漢語的方法同說英語人士的祖先說英語的方式大致相似。然而，漢語確實也是一種很古老的語言。今天所存留下來的最早的漢字已有近4000年的歷史。這些文字均為甲骨雕文。大部分銘文為神諭圣旨，內(nèi)容大都與政治時間和宗教活動有關(guān)，有些則是關(guān)于天氣和戰(zhàn)爭的記錄。漢語有豐富的古代文字作品，源遠流長，遠非其他一種語言的文字可以與之媲美。一些最古老的文字屬象形文字。Pizzaisprobablythemostgloballyrecognizablefoodtoday.Itistheresultofatransformationdevelopedoverthecenturies.Theancestorofpizzaisthesimplebread.Itdominateshistoryasoneofthemostusedfoodsforthepoorwhowereforcedtoeatonlycerealsandthefewproductsthatnaturewasoffering.Theyusedtheirownimaginationandfantasytocreatesomethingtastefulfortheirmeals.Barleywasthemostcommoningredientusedtopreparebreadthefirstbreadtotaketheformofthepizza.thegrainswerecrushed,mixedwithwaterandflatteneddownonaroundthinpan.Thentheywerecookedoverred-hotstones.Laterwheatfloursubstitutedtheothercereals,becomingthestandardgrainused.Throughthecenturiespizzatookitsowncourseanddevelopedintothedishthatweknowtoday.翻譯：比薩餅也許是當(dāng)今世界上最知名的食品了。它的演變與發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了好幾個世紀(jì)。比薩餅的雛形就是一般的面包，作為窮人最常吃的食物之一，面包在歷史上占有重要的地位，因為過去他們只能以谷類和大自然饋贈的幾種農(nóng)作物為生。他們發(fā)揮想象力盡可能將其制作成可口的東西。大麥?zhǔn)亲雒姘畛Ｓ玫脑?，最早的比薩壯面包也是用它制作的。人們將大麥碾成粉，和上水，在薄薄的平底鍋上攤平，然后用燒紅的石頭烘烤。后來小麥粉替代了其他谷物，成為比薩餅的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)原料。經(jīng)歷了幾個世紀(jì)，比薩餅逐漸發(fā)展成為我們現(xiàn)在熟知的樣子。Wedon'thavetolookoutsidethehometoseethechanges.ThemodernAmericanfamilyentertainsitselfinwaystheCleaverswouldneverhavedreamedof.Thirtyyearsago,familiesgatheredaroundaradioeachevening.Later,televisiontookover.Mostfamilieshadjustoneset,whichtheywatchedtogether.Today,televisionandcomputersbringadizzyingarrayofentertainmentintothehome.CabletelevisionprovideseverythingfromaerobicsclassestoShakespeare.VCRsexpandthechoicesevenmore.Ifthere'snothinggoodonnetworkTVorcable,thevideostoreoffersthebestandworstofHollywood:recentmovies,cartoons,"adult"films,exerciseprograms,travel,sports,how-totapes.Computergames,whichmakeviewerspartoftheaction,alsoprovideexcitement.PlayerscancompeteintheOlympics,searchoutaliens,orwipeoutentirecivilizationsontheirlittlescreens.翻譯：我們不必走出家門去有什么變化，當(dāng)今美國家庭的娛樂方式是克立弗家無從想象的。30年前，家家戶戶每天晚上圍坐著聽收音機，后來電視機取而代之。大多數(shù)家庭只有一臺電視機，全家人一起收看。如今，電視機和電腦將多得令人目眩的娛樂活動帶入家庭。有線電視播出的節(jié)目從有氧操到莎士比亞戲劇無所不有。錄象機更是擴大了選擇性。要是網(wǎng)絡(luò)電視和有線電視沒有中意的節(jié)目，錄象制品商店可提供好萊塢制作的品質(zhì)迥異的各類節(jié)目：新近發(fā)行的電影、動畫片、成人電影、體育鍛煉節(jié)目、旅游、運動以及入門指南錄象帶。讓收看人參與其中的電腦游戲也提供了相當(dāng)?shù)拇碳?。游戲者能在奧運會上施展身手，尋找外星人，或者在小小的屏幕上摧毀整個文明國家。Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator.”InmyfridgelessFiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthy.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher（肉商）,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplus（剩余的）breadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearson,fooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted-naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...翻譯：冰箱被看成是必需品，從20世紀(jì)60年代就是這樣了，那時包裝好的食品首次出現(xiàn)了“存放于冰箱”的標(biāo)簽。我的童年是沒有冰箱的，50年代，我吃得既好又健康，牛奶工人每天都來，雜貨商，肉商，面包師和賣冰激凌的人每周來兩到三次，星期天的肉可以吃到星期三，剩下的面包和牛奶變成了各種各樣的蛋糕。什么也沒有浪費，我們也從不為腐爛的食品發(fā)愁。送食物上門已經(jīng)停了30年，全國幾乎都找不到了新鮮蔬菜了。冰箱的發(fā)明對食物的保存工藝幫助很小。早已經(jīng)有許多屢經(jīng)試驗的儲存技術(shù)了—自然冷卻、風(fēng)干、熏制、鹽腌、糖漬、瓶裝。AftertheviolentearthquakethatshooklosAngelesin1994,earthquakescientistshadgoodnewstoreport:Thedamageanddeathtollcouldhavebeenmuchworse.Morethan60peoplediedinthisearthquake.Bycomparison,andearthquakeofsimilarintensitythatshookAmericain1998claimed25,000victims.InjuriesanddeathswererelativelylessinLosAngelesbecausethequakeoccurredat4:31a.m.Onaholiday,whentrafficwaslightonthecity'shighway.Inadditiocnh,angesmadetotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearshavestrengthenedthecity'sbuildingsandhighways,makingthemmoreresistanttoquakes.Despitethegoodnews,civilengineersaren'trestingontheirsuccesses.pinnedtotheirdrawingboardsareblueprintsforimprovedquake-resistantbuildings.Thenewdesignsshouldofferevengreatersecuritytocitieswhereearthquakesofentakeplace.翻譯：1994年洛杉磯發(fā)生了強烈地震之后，地震學(xué)家報告了一個可喜的消息：死傷人數(shù)本來就會很高，而實際上卻相對較少。在這場地震中死了60多人，相比之下，1988年美國那一次強度地震竟有25000人喪生。在洛杉磯地震中，死傷人數(shù)之所以相對較小，是因為這場地震發(fā)生在一個假日的凌晨4點31分，當(dāng)時城里的公路上車輛不多。此外，在過去的20年中，對洛杉磯的建設(shè)規(guī)定做了修改，加固了該城市的建筑和公路，使它們的抗震能力提高了。盡管有這些好消息，城建工程師并沒有安于成果，止步不前。它們的繪圖板上釘著提高抗震能力的建筑物藍圖，新的設(shè)計要能給常常發(fā)生地震的城市提供更大的安全保障。Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddrought干旱）arecausingdistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworld 'spopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis.Butthatdoesn 'thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrises,todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.翻譯：在全世界可利用的水中，人類使用的還略少于一半?？墒?，缺水和旱災(zāi)多次發(fā)生，導(dǎo)致某些地區(qū)的饑荒和貧困，而工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)廢渣、廢水還在污染著水源。由于世界人口預(yù)期在未來50年內(nèi)會翻一番，許多專家認(rèn)為，我們已經(jīng)處于廣為擴散的淡水危機邊緣。但是其結(jié)果未必就是如此，要是我們從現(xiàn)在開始，比過去更為珍惜水資源，則世界不一定會為缺水而困擾。正如在20世界70年代石油危機之后我們更為珍惜石油一樣，我們現(xiàn)在也必須以新的經(jīng)濟視角來看待水了，我們再也沒有足夠的水，能讓我們認(rèn)為水本來就是一種免費的資源，我們想用多少就用多少，想怎樣用就怎樣用了。IknewthatIwouldfinallybemakingmyparentshappy.Bothcollegegraduates,theywantedmetobeonealso.theytoldmeforyearsabouttheadvantagesofacollegedegreeoverahighschooldiploma.Icanstillhearmymothersaying,“gotocollegeandgetadegree.Youneedadegreenow,andbesides,you'llbeproudofyourself.T”heywerepersistentbutnotdemanding,andallowedmemyyearofdiscovery,ifIwanteditIhaveonemorereasonforcomingtoschool—myself.IwanttofeelbetteraboutmyselfandmoreoptimisticwhenIlooktothefuture.Ihaveseenmyparentsstrugglefortheirdegreeswhileraisingsixchildren,andIhaveseenhowmuchtheireffortimprovedourstandardofliving.Beingyoungerthantheywerewhentheystarted,andwithoutanyoneyettotakecareof,Ishouldbeabletomakegooduseofmytimerightnowandmakeabetterlife.翻譯：我知道我最終會令我父母開心。他們兩人都是大學(xué)畢業(yè)生，因此也希望我能成為他們中的一員，多年來她們一直向我灌輸大學(xué)文憑比高中畢業(yè)證具有更大的優(yōu)勢。我至盡仍能聽到媽媽這樣勸說我：“去上大學(xué)拿個學(xué)位吧。你現(xiàn)在需要一個學(xué)位，以后你會為此感到驕傲的?！彼麄円恢边@么勸說，但并不強迫我，同時，如果我有意愿，他們也愿意讓我自己去想清楚。我回到學(xué)校的另一個原因是為了我自己。我希望在我展望未來的時候，自己更自信、更樂觀。我曾親眼目睹我的父母在撫養(yǎng)6個孩子的同時為獲取文憑而努力奮斗，也見證了他們通過努力，大大改善了我們家的生活。我如今比他們起步時更年輕，也無后顧之憂，因此，我應(yīng)該好好利用現(xiàn)在的時光去創(chuàng)造更加美好的生活。Whydoyouteach?Whydoyouteach？MyfriendaskedthequestionwhenItoldhimthatIdidn'twanttobeconsideredforanadministrativeposition.HewaspuzzledthatIdidnotwantwhatwasobviouslya"stepup"towardwhatallAmericansaretaughttowantwhentheygrowup,moneyandpower.CertainlyIdon'tteachbecauseteachingiseasyforme,teachingisthemostdifficultofthevariouswaysIhaveattemptedtoearnmyliving:mechanic,carpenter,writer.forme,teachingisared-eye,sweaty-palm,sinking-stomachprofession.Red-eyebecauseIneverfeelreadytoteach,nomatterhowlateIstayuppreparing.Sweaty-palmbecauseI'malwaysnervousbeforeIentertheclassroom,surethatIwillbefoundoutforthefoolthatIam.Sinking-stomach,becauseIleavetheclassroomanhourlaterconvincedthatIwasevenmoreboringthanusual.翻譯：我告訴一位朋友我不想謀求行政職務(wù)時，他向我提出這樣一個問題：你為什么要教書呢？美國人受的教育是長大成人后應(yīng)該去追求金錢和權(quán)利，而我卻偏偏不朝這個方向“發(fā)展”，這使他大惑不解。當(dāng)然，我之所以教書并不是因為做教師輕松，為了謀生，我做過各種各樣的工作：機修工、車工、作家，可教書是最難的行業(yè)。就我而言，教書是個令人熬紅眼睛，手掌出汗、精神沮喪的職業(yè)。說它是熬紅眼睛的職業(yè)，是因為我晚上無論備課到多晚，總覺得準(zhǔn)備的不夠充分：說它是令人手掌出汗的職業(yè)，是因為我進教室前總是緊張不己，認(rèn)為學(xué)生會發(fā)現(xiàn)我原來是個笨蛋；說它是令人精神沮喪的職業(yè)，是因為我走出教室一小時后，仍覺得這堂課上得比平常還要平淡無奇。Formanyseniorcitizens,theyearsafterage65arenotenjoyable.Theymayfeelunproductivewhennolongerwork.Theirliveslosemeaning.Inaddition,theymayfeellonelybeingawayfromtheirfamiliesandthecontactstheyhadintheirwork.Moreover,theybecomemoreconcernedwiththeirhealthastheygrowolder.Iftheyliveinbigcities,theyoftenworryabouttheirsafety.WhileOtherseniorcitizensenjoytheirlives.Theyfeelfreetodothingstheywerenotabletodowhentheywereworkingandraisingfamilies.Theynowhavetimetoenjoyhobbiesandsportsandtravel.Theyassociatewiththeirfellowseniorcitizenswhohavecommoninterestsandequalfreetime.Someseniorcitizenscontinuetoworkbeyondretirementage.Manyfindnewcareersandprofessionalopportunitiesaftertheyretire.翻譯：很多老年人并不享受65歲之后的生活，停止工作后他們覺得自己毫無貢獻，生活也失去了意義。此外，遠離家人和以前工作的同事也讓他們覺得孤單。年紀(jì)漸長，他們越來越擔(dān)心自己的健康，居住在大城市的老年人還很擔(dān)心自己的安全問題。不過，也有一些老人很享受這種生活，以前因為要工作養(yǎng)家沒有時間做的事情現(xiàn)在可以做了，有足夠的時間去發(fā)展自己的愛好，還可以鍛煉身體和旅游。他們會和其他興趣相投，也同樣自由的老人來往。有些人過了退休年齡還繼續(xù)工作，很多人都在退休之后找到了新的事業(yè)發(fā)展機會。Computernetworkshaveenabledustocommunicatefreelybyelectronicmailswithpeoplefromallovertheworld.IttakesonlyafewsecondstoGetamessageacrosswithacostsubstantiallylowerthanthatofregularmail.Also,anenormousamountofinformationcanbeaccessiblethroughtheInternet.Afantasticnewworldwillbeopentousjustbydouble-clickingthemouse.However,ifnotmanagedproperly,computernetworkcancreatemanyproblemstoo.Sometimeswespendtoomuchtimesortingoutthejunkmailsjammedinourmailbox.Furthermore,computernetworkhasbecomesoindispensableforpersonalcontactandpublicservicesthatoncetheroutinefunctioningofthesystemisdi