藥學(xué)英譯短語

UnitOneVitamins1維生素1維生素2水溶性維生素3脂溶性維生素4復(fù)合維生素water-solublevitaminfat-solublevitamincompoundvitamins維生素以字母命名Vitaminsarenamedbythelettersofthealphabet.6預(yù)防壞血病的維生素CscurvypreventingvitaminC治療腳氣病的維生素B]vitaminB1forcuringberiberi維生素A與生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)育vitaminAandgrowthanddevelopment維生素A缺乏與眼疾vitaminAdeficiencyandeyedisease10維生素D缺乏與佝僂病lackofvitaminAandrickets維生素B2與皮膚、眼睛和毛發(fā)vitaminB2andtheskin,eyeandhair有機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物organicnutrients維生素為生長(zhǎng)、健康所必需Vitaminsareessentialforgrowthandgoodhealth維生素含量高h(yuǎn)ighvitamincontent維生素缺乏癥vitamindeficiencysyndrome16新鮮水果、蔬菜、蛋、奶、魚肝油、米糠、豆子、谷類等富含多種維生素Freshfruits,vegetables,eggs,milk,fishliveroil,ricehusksbeans,cereals,etc.arerichinvitamins.Unit3Anesthetics麻醉劑和鎮(zhèn)靜藥anestheticandsedative針刺麻醉 acupunctureanesthesia3在脂肪和水中的溶解度solubilityinfatsandwater作用于神經(jīng)havingeffectonthenerves物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì) physicalandchemicalproperty對(duì)痛不敏感 insensitivetopain無信號(hào)通過神經(jīng)傳至大腦Nomessagearetransmittedtothebrainthroughnerves通過呼吸道給麻醉藥administrationthroughrespiratorytract注入脊柱射（給藥）beinjectedintospine麻醉作用anestheticaction過多地破壞脂肪和神經(jīng)組織destructionoftoomuchfattyandnervetissue不同麻醉劑的不同生理作用varyingphysiologicaleffectsofthedifferentanesthetics吸入乙醚inhalationofether深度松弛deeprelaxation失去知覺，術(shù)后恢復(fù)知覺lossofconsciousness/unconscious,toregainconsciousnessafteroperation無術(shù)后惡心癥狀freefrompostoperativenauseaUnit4Howdoesthehumanbodyfightdiseases?1肺炎、肺結(jié)核1肺炎、肺結(jié)核2細(xì)菌釋放毒素3皮膚和粘膜4炎癥5聚集在感染部位6紅、腫、熱、痛gatherattheplaceofinfectionredness,swelling,heatandpain抗感染 fightagainstinfection吞噬、消化微生物engulfanddigestmicrobes淋巴管 lymphvessels抗體、抗原 antibodyandantigen抗毒素 antitoxin人工免疫artificialimmunityUnit5Greenpharmacy—herbalmedicine綠色藥物--草藥greenpharmacy-herbalmedicine中草藥Chinesematerialmedica中醫(yī)、中藥traditionalChinesemedicineandChinesemedicinals開處方writeaprescription藥店銷售的處方藥、非處方藥prescribeddrugandOTCdrug(over-the-counterdrug)6心臟病藥cardiacdrug止痛藥painkiller抗瘧疾藥anti-malarial抗炎藥anti-inflammatorydrug標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的化學(xué)藥物astandardizedchemicalmedicine藥物成分medicalconstituents病機(jī)diseasemechanism療效therapeuticeffect/effect/efficacy植物藥plant-deriveddrugs合成的衍生物和變異體syntheticderivativesandvariants植物的生物活性成分biologically-activeplantconstituents粉劑、濃縮劑和沖劑power,extractandinfusion分離、提取有效成分isolateandabstractactiveconstituents19高血壓、失眠、精神疾病hypertension,insomniaandmentaldisease特有的藥性characteristicpharmacologicalproperties民間醫(yī)學(xué)folkmedicineUnitSixIntroductiontoorganicchemistry有機(jī)、無機(jī)化學(xué)organicandinorganicchemistry物理化學(xué) physicalchemistry生物化學(xué) biochemistry化學(xué)符號(hào)和結(jié)構(gòu)式chemicalsymbolsandformulas電子、離子、原子、分子electron,iron,atomandmolecule分子量molecularweights7元素周期表periodictable運(yùn)用符號(hào)和概念的方法methodsofmanipulatingsymbolsandconcepts化學(xué)反應(yīng) chemicalreaction有機(jī)化合物 organiccompounds二氧化碳 carbondioxide含有碳元素的物質(zhì)substancecontainingcarbon合成物質(zhì) syntheticmaterials大量的原料abundantrawmaterials品質(zhì)更佳、用途更廣、優(yōu)勢(shì)獨(dú)特superiorqualities,greaterversatility,anduniqueadvantagesLesson8DevelopmentofNewDrugs(I)生產(chǎn)特效藥toproducethenoveltherapeuticagents由天然植物資源提取toextractfromnaturalplantsandanimalsources化學(xué)合成藥adrugsynthesizedchemically人工生產(chǎn)藥物agentsproducedartificially藥物的特異作用及毒性specificityofactionandtoxicity基因工程的發(fā)展developmentofgeneticengineering單克隆抗體monoclonalantibody8beta受體阻斷劑betareceptorblocker9實(shí)驗(yàn)藥理學(xué) experimentalpharmacology10幾種模型包括：細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)或細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)，部分提取酶或亞細(xì)胞間質(zhì)，分離的組織，灌注的器官完整的動(dòng)物severalmodelsinclude:cellcultureorbacteria,partiallypurifiedenzymesorsubcellularparticles,isolatedtissues,perfusedorgans,intactanimals11慢性毒性實(shí)驗(yàn)chronictoxicitytesting 12代謝方法patternsofmetabolism療程durationoftreatment實(shí)驗(yàn)組、對(duì)照組、安慰劑組、空白組、theexperimentalgroup，controlgroup,placebogroupanduntreatedgroup臨床指癥clinicalindication16生化藥理學(xué) biochemicalpharmacologyFDAFoodandDrugAdministrationLesson8DevelopmentofNewDrugs(II)臨床評(píng)價(jià)clinicalevaluation/assessment2毒理研究toxicologicalstudies化學(xué)純度和藥物穩(wěn)定性chemicalpurityandpharmaceuticalstability4罕見的疾病、威脅生命、不治之癥rarediseases,life-threateninganduntreatablediseases無嚴(yán)重癥狀與毒性withoutserioussymptomsortoxicity6藥物劑量的研究dose-rangingstudies施藥(給藥)drugadministration/administrationofdrugs臨床試驗(yàn)許可證CTCclinicaltrialcertificate單盲或雙盲試驗(yàn)singleblindordoubleblindexperiment副作用adverseeffect,side-effect,unhealthyeffect促銷marketingandpromotion醫(yī)藥代表representativeofthepharmaceuticalmanufacturerUnit10Minimuminformationforsensibleuseofself-prescribedmedicines1最有效地用藥usemedicinetothebesteffect非處方藥(自用藥)self-prescribedmedicine藥品說明書packageleaflet,insert,directions提醒使用者所有可能的有害作用warningtheuseraboutallthepossibleharmfuleffects5常見的、嚴(yán)重的、罕見的副作用common,seriousandrareside-effect藥理學(xué)家、臨床藥劑師pharmacologistandclinicalpharmacist標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的專利名、非專利名standardproprietarynamesandnon-proprietarynames用于緩解輕度疼痛癥狀forsymptomaticreliefofminorachesandpains消炎torelieveinflammation（止痛）的首選量、推薦量preferreddoseorrecommendeddoseforpain成人劑量的一半one-halfadultdose將藥片碾碎或溶于水crushordissolvetabletsinwater13如可能，同奶一起服用（用奶送服）或飯后服Takewithmilkifpossible,orafterfood胃不適、燒心、胃出血stomachdiscomfort,heartburn,stomachbleeding耳鳴、眩暈ringingintheearsanddizziness藥品說明書【藥品名稱】DrugName通用名稱：GenericName商品名：TradeName化學(xué)名（ChemicalName）英語名：EnglishName漢語拼音：HanyuPinyin【成份】Composition【性狀】Description【功能主治】ActionsandIndications/［適應(yīng)癥】Indications【規(guī)格】Specification【用法用量】AdministrationandDosage【不良反應(yīng)】UnwantedEffects/Adverse/SideEffects【禁忌】Contraindications【注意事項(xiàng)】Warning/Caution【孕婦及哺乳期婦女用藥】Womeninpregnancyandlactation【兒童用藥】Children【老年用藥】TheElderly【藥物相互作用】Interaction【臨床試驗(yàn)】ClinicalExperiment【藥理毒理】PharmacologicalToxicology【藥代動(dòng)力學(xué)】Pharmacokinetics【貯藏】Storage【包裝】Package【有效期】Validity【執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】TheImplementationofStandards【批準(zhǔn)文號(hào)】ApprovalNumber【生產(chǎn)企業(yè)】Manufacturer企業(yè)名稱：生產(chǎn)地址：Address郵政編碼：Code電話號(hào)碼：Tel傳真號(hào)碼：Fax注冊(cè)地址：RegisteredAddress網(wǎng)址：Website中醫(yī)方劑劑型常用的英譯表述如下：1）湯劑decoction2）散劑powder3）丸劑bolus（大丸），pill（小丸）4）油膏劑paste,ointment,plaster 流浸膏l(xiāng)iquidextract浸膏extract煎膏decoctedpaste軟膏ointment,paste硬膏plaster5） 藥露syrup6）錠劑troche,lozenge7）糖漿劑syrup8）片劑tablet9）沖服劑granule 10）針劑injection11）栓劑suppositoryLesson11TheScopeofPharmacology藥物的物化性質(zhì)physicalandchemicalproperties化合及生化生理作用compounding,biochemicalandphysicaleffects作用機(jī)理mechanismofaction4具有廣博的植物學(xué)知識(shí)haveabroadbotanicalknowledge藥物制劑medicinalpreparation生藥學(xué)，藥理學(xué)pharmacognosy,pharmacology劑型dosageform8藥物動(dòng)力學(xué)研究藥物吸收、分布、生化和排泄。Pharmacokineticsdealswiththeabsorption,distribution,biotransformation,andexcretionofdrugs.9對(duì)于藥物的生化、生理作用以及藥物作用機(jī)制的研究就稱為藥效學(xué)。Thestudyofthebiochemicalandphysiologicaleffectsofdrugsandtheirmechanismofactionistermedaspharmacodynamics.構(gòu)效關(guān)系structure-activityrelationship11藥物治療學(xué)指防治疾病過程中用藥的研究。Pharmacotherapeuticsdealswiththeuseofdrugsinthepreventionandtreatmentofdisease.12毒理學(xué)是藥理學(xué)的一方面，研究藥物的副作用。Toxicologyisthataspectofpharmacologythatdealswiththeadverseeffectsofdrugs.Unit13 Theothersideofantibiotics1神奇的抗生素消除或控制許多感染性疾病 Themiracleantibioticshaveeliminatedorcontrolledmanyinfectiousdiseases.2抗生素的不足及潛在的危險(xiǎn)theinadequaciesandpotentialdangers迫使醫(yī)生開抗生素pressurethedoctorsintoprescribingantibiotics隨意使用、濫用抗生素casualuseandabuseofantibiotics抗生素不只是處方藥Antibioticsarenotexclusivelyprescriptiondosages.劑型formsofmedicines7噴鼻劑、糖錠、乳膏、軟膏nasalsprays,troches,creamsandointment