英語(yǔ)名師講練大一輪復(fù)習(xí)人教版核心素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)二十三必修5Unit3Lifeinthefuture

溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請(qǐng)按住Ctrl,滑動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。核心素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)二十三必修5Unit3Lifeinthefuture(限時(shí)35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解ASlowlybutsurely,we’removingcloserandcloserto5Gworld.Fromsmarthomesecuritytoselfdrivingcars,alltheInternetconnecteddevicesinyourlifewillbeabletotalktoeachotheratlightningfastspeedswithreduceddelay.Objectivelyspeaking,thefastest4GdownloadspeedsintheU.S.topoutatanaverageof19.42Mbps.Butbyparison5Gpromisesgigabit(千兆)speeds.“5Gisoneofthosesigns,alongwithartificialintelligence,ofthisingdataage,”saidSteveKoenig,seniordirectorofmarketresearchfortheConsumerTechnologyAssociation.“Theselfdrivingvehicleisagreatemblemofthisdataage,andthatistosay,itisasignoftime,becausewithonesingletask,driving,youhavemassiveamountsofdataingfromthevehicleitself,andavarietyofsensorsarecollectingalotofinformationtomodelitsenvironmentasitmoves.It’spullingindatafromothervehiclesaboutroadconditionsdownthelane.Itcouldbeweatherinformation,butalsoconnectedinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)construction.There’slotsofdatabehindthattask,whichiswhyweneedhighspeed.Augmentedrealityglassesandvirtualheadsethaven’tyetbrokenthemainstream,buttechpaniesarejoyfullybettingthatthesedeviceswilleventuallyreplaceoursmartphones.With5G,thatcouldactuallyhappen.ThisisnotablebecausepaniessuchasApplearereportedlydevelopingARglassestoassist—orperhapsevenreplace—smartphones.EricssonstatedatFebruary’sMobileWorldCongresshowsmartglassescouldbeefasterandlighterwitha5Gconnection,becauseinsteadofbeingweigheddownwithponents,theglassescouldrelyonhardwareforprocessingpower.Butdon’tgettooexcited.There’sstillalotofworktobedoneinthemeantimeincludingvarioustrialstomakesuretheradiosplaynicelywithhardwareandinfrastructureconstructionso5Gisn’tconcentratedonlyinbigcities.【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述是,我們離5G世界越來(lái)越近了。1.WhatdoestheauthorwanttostressinParagraph1?A.Thelightningfastspeedof5G.B.Theexpectationof5Gworld.C.Thedifferencebetween4Gand5G.D.TheInternetconnecteddevicesinourlife.【解析】選A。段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段atlightningfastspeedswithreduceddelay和byparison5Gpromisesgigabitspeeds可知,作者在第一段想強(qiáng)調(diào)5G速度快。故選A。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“emblem”inParagraph2mean?A.Exhibition. B.Success.C.Symbol. D.Explanation.【解析】選C。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中andthatistosay,itisasignoftime“也就是說(shuō),這是時(shí)間的標(biāo)志,”可知,畫(huà)線詞的意思是“標(biāo)志,象征”。故選C。3.Wecaninferfromthetextthat______.

A.5Gworldwon’tewithoutARglassesB.5GhelpstocreatetheartificialintelligencevehicleC.ApplepanyisdevelopingARglassesworldwideD.Techpanieswillfacethefactthatsmartphonesmaybereplaced【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中ThisisnotablebecausepaniessuchasApplearereportedlydevelopingARglassestoassist—orperhapsevenreplace—smartphones.可知蘋(píng)果(Apple)等公司正在發(fā)展AR眼鏡,以幫助甚至取代智能。我們可以從文中推斷,科技公司將面臨智能可能被取代的事實(shí)。故選D。4.Whatwilltheauthorprobablytellusnext?A.Howtofullyexpand5Gcoverage.B.Smartglasseswillbeefasterandlighter.C.Why5Gisn’tconcentratedinbigcities.D.Theimportanceofinfrastructureconstruction.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Butdon’tgettooexcited.There’sstillalotofworktobedoneinthemeantime,includingvarioustrialstomakesuretheradiosplaynicelywithhardwareandinfrastructureconstructionso5Gisn’tconcentratedonlyinbigcities.“但是不要太激動(dòng)。與此同時(shí),仍有很多工作要做,包括各種試驗(yàn),以確保無(wú)線電能很好地配合硬件和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),這樣5G就不會(huì)只集中在大城市?！笨芍?作者接下來(lái)可能會(huì)告訴我們“如何全面擴(kuò)大5G覆蓋?！惫蔬xA?！局R(shí)拓展】佳詞積累1.massiveadj.巨大的2.virtualadj.虛擬的3.notableadj.顯著的4.ponentn.組成成分長(zhǎng)難句分析There’sstillalotofworktobedoneinthemeantime,includingvarioustrialstomakesuretheradiosplaynicelywithhardwareandinfrastructureconstructionso5Gisn’tconcentratedonlyinbigcities.分析:本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。tomakesure...作目的狀語(yǔ),其中sure后面是賓語(yǔ)從句,so“為的是”,引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。譯文:與此同時(shí),仍有很多工作要做,包括各種試驗(yàn),以確保無(wú)線電能很好地配合硬件和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),這樣5G就不會(huì)只集中在大城市。B導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)We’veheardofrobotsandAI(ArtificialIntelligence)takinghumanjobs,butIbetmayors(市長(zhǎng))don’treallythinktheirjobscanbethreatenedanytimesoon.Theywerewrong,andtheAIrunningforthemayorofaTokyodistrictwasclearproofofthat.AIcan’tlegallyrunforhighrankingpublicmanagementpositionsyet,butonemayoralcandidatefromTamaCity,Tokyo,intendedtomaximizetheuseofartificialintelligenceinrunningcityaffairs.Hewasrunninghiscampaignas“AIMayor”.Basically,hewassuggestingreplacinghumanpublicofficialswithAIandhavingthemcollectcitydataandcreatefairandbalancedpoliciesthatwillbenefiteveryone.“Forthefirsttimeintheworld,AIwillruninanelection,”humancandidateMichihitoMatsudaannouncedonTwitter.“ArtificialIntelligencewillchangeTomaCity.WiththebirthofanAIMayor,wewillconductbalancedpolicies.”TheAIMayorwascampaigningverymuchlikeitshumanpetitors.PosterswereshownalloverTamaCityandcampaigntruckswereblaringout(大聲?shū)Q響)promisesofanAIutopia(烏托邦)andaskingforsupport.SomepeoplecalledMichihitoMatsuda’scampaignastunt(噱頭),asahumanwouldstillbetheonelegallyincharge.However,otherssaidthattheywereexcitedaboutthefutureofAIrunningthingsinthebackground,addingthatithadtobeabetterchoice.【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。我們聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)機(jī)器人和人工智能取代了人類(lèi)的部分工作,可是它們竟然參與競(jìng)選東京某地的市長(zhǎng)。5.What’stheadvantageoftheAImayoraccordingtoMichihitoMatsuda?A.MaximizingtheuseofAI.B.Replacinghumanofficials.C.Creatingbalancedpolicies.D.Bringinghimbeneficialeffects.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Basically,hewassuggestingreplacinghumanpublicofficialswithAIandhavingthemcollectcitydataandcreatefairandbalancedpoliciesthatwillbenefiteveryone.可知,他認(rèn)為,人工智能市長(zhǎng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于收集城市數(shù)據(jù),制定公平、平衡的政策,讓每個(gè)人都受益,故選C。6.HowwillAIrunforthemayor?A.Itwillabolishmanyoldpolicies.B.ItwillaskforsupportontheInternet.C.Itwillmakepublicspeeches,dressedlikeahuman.D.Itwillpetesimilarlytohumanpetitors.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段TheAIMayorwascampaigningverymuchlikeitshumanpetitors.PosterswereshownalloverTamaCityandcampaigntruckswereblaringoutpromisesofanAIutopiaandaskingforsupport.可知,人工智能市長(zhǎng)的競(jìng)選活動(dòng)的方式和人類(lèi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手非常像,故選D。7.What’sthecitizens’attitudetowardMichihitoMatsuda’scampaign?A.TheybelieveAIwillwin.B.Allconsiderittobetricky.C.Itissupposedtobeafailuredefinitely.D.Somethinkit’sworthyofexpectation.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段However,otherssaidthattheywereexcitedaboutthefutureofAIrunningthingsinthebackground,addingthatithadtobeabetterchoice.可知,有些人認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)噱頭,而有人認(rèn)為這必定是個(gè)更好的選擇,這是值得期待的,故選D。8.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AIRunsfortheMayor.B.TheAdvantagesofAI.C.AIReplacesHumaninManagement.D.ThePatternsofAIManagement.【解析】選A。主旨大意題。根據(jù)上下文可知,本文主要講述人工智能參與競(jìng)選某市市長(zhǎng)的職位,故選A?！局R(shí)拓展】佳詞積累1.candidaten.候選人2.maximizevt.使增加最大量3.campaignn.運(yùn)動(dòng)長(zhǎng)難句分析Basically,hewassuggestingreplacinghumanpublicofficialswithAIandhavingthemcollectcitydataandcreatefairandbalancedpoliciesthatwillbenefiteveryone.分析:本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。policies是先行詞,that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句。譯文:大體上,他建議用機(jī)器人來(lái)代替公職人員,讓它們收集城市的數(shù)據(jù),制定公平、平衡的政策,讓每個(gè)人都受益。Ⅱ.閱讀填句SleepandTeens—BiologyandBehaviorHowmuchsleepdoteensneed?Andhowmuchsleeparetheyrealisticallygetting?Basedoncurrentdata,mostteensneedabout9plushourstohavethebestormostsuitablesleepnight.1

Manyfactorsbinetodecreasesleepinadolescents.Wecanthinkingeneraloftwomajorfactors:biology,thebrainprocessesthatregulatetheamountandtimingofsleep,andbehavior,allthepsychological,parental,societal,culturalfeaturesofteens’life.2Thesechangeslaythegroundworkforthebiologicalnighttooccurlaterduringtheteenyearsthanbefore.CircadianRhythms(dailybiologicalclocks)seemtoslowdownasyoungpeopleprogressthroughthemiddleschoolyears.Atthesametime,thesleeppressuresystemappearstochangeinawaythatmakesiteasiertostayawakelonger,thoughwithoutchangingtheamountofsleepthatisneeded.

Moreover,manyteenshavea“technologicalplayground”intheirbedrooms:television,puterwith24/7Internetaccess,telephones,electronicgamestations,MP3players,andsoforth.Thesetechnologiesprovideinstantandconstantcontactwithpeers.Societalandmediapressuretoconsumethesetechnologiesisnowhigherthanever.Yetsocietyalsorequiresthatteensgotoschoolatatimeofdaythatisatoddswiththeirbiologicalandsociallives.Soweseeteensturntocaffeine,latenightInternetandcramminginactivityafteractivityasameanstokeepawake.3

Problemsemergeforlackofsleep.4Forsome,gradesbegintosufferastheystruggletokeepawakeduringclassandwhiledoinghomework.Andothersmaysimplyfeelmoody,neverknowinghowtofeelordotheirbest.Worsestill,manyteenssufferfrombothphysicalandmentalillness.

5Theearlierteenscanstartthisgoodsleephabit,theeasieritwillbeforthemtostayhealthy,happyandsmart.

A.Sleepexpertsremendteenskeepconsistentsleepandwakeschedule.B.Teensmayschedulesleeplikeanyotherdailyactivityandmakesleepapriority.C.Thentheyaretrappedintoaterriblesituationwheretheywouldnevergetenoughsleep.D.Thesleepwakebioregulatoryfactorsappeartochangesignificantlyduringadolescence.E.Someteenagersstruggletowakeupinthemorning,oftenresultinginlateormissedschool.F.Teensmaybedriventothingsthatcanwakethemupbecausethey’llfallasleepiftheydonot.G.However,itisindicatedthatmostteensfallshortofthisgoal,manybyaconsiderableamount.【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。目前青少年睡眠減少,達(dá)不到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)睡眠時(shí)間。文章分析了導(dǎo)致這種現(xiàn)象的原因,介紹了睡眠不足導(dǎo)致的問(wèn)題,并提出了解決辦法。1.【解析】選G。上一句提到:根據(jù)近期的研究數(shù)據(jù),大部分青少年晚上需要九個(gè)多小時(shí)的睡眠。第二段第一句提到:很多因素導(dǎo)致青少年睡眠時(shí)間減少。故該空應(yīng)當(dāng)提到青少年睡眠不夠這個(gè)現(xiàn)象。G選項(xiàng)“但是,大部分青少年達(dá)不到這個(gè)目標(biāo)?！背猩蠁⑾?。故選G。2.【解析】選D。上一段介紹了導(dǎo)致青少年睡眠減少的兩大因素。該空下一句提到:這些變化使得青少年在晚上睡得比以前晚了。由Thesechanges可知,該空應(yīng)當(dāng)提到“改變”這個(gè)話題,結(jié)合選項(xiàng),D選項(xiàng)“這些睡覺(jué)—覺(jué)醒的生物調(diào)節(jié)因素似乎在青春期發(fā)生了巨大變化。”承上啟下。故選D。3.【解析】選C。上文提到:這樣,青少年每天晚上就通過(guò)喝咖啡、上網(wǎng)等活動(dòng)以使自己保持清醒。C選項(xiàng)“然后,他們就陷入一種糟糕的境地中:他們永遠(yuǎn)也得不到足夠的睡眠?！笔巧衔膬?nèi)容的結(jié)果。故選C。4.【解析】選E。上一句提到:因?yàn)槿狈λ?一些問(wèn)題就出現(xiàn)了。那么,該空應(yīng)當(dāng)提到出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題,結(jié)合選項(xiàng),只有E選項(xiàng)“一些青少年會(huì)出現(xiàn)早晨醒得晚而遲到甚至缺課的情況?！狈仙舷挛倪壿?故選E。5.【解析】選A。下一句提到:青少年開(kāi)始這種好的睡眠習(xí)慣越早,對(duì)他們而言,保持健康,快樂(lè)和聰明就越容易。由該句中的“thisgoodsleephabit”可知,該空應(yīng)當(dāng)提到