國際交流英語視聽說1furtherlistening聽力原文

第一單元In1980,TimSamaraswasworkingattheUniversityofDenverResearchInstitutewhenhefirstsawthecamera.Weighing1,600poundsandstandingsixfeethigh,theBeckman&Whitley192camerawashardtoMiss.Thecamerawasusedtotakepicturesofnucleartests,anditwaspartofSamaras’jobtolookafterit.Samaraslefttheresearchinstituteandhadotherjobs,butheneverforgotthatcamera.Twenty-fiveyearslater,hesawitwasforsale.Heboughtitforjust$600,thevalueofitsmetalparts.Now,heisusingthecameratostudylightning.WiththehelpofmoneyfromNationalGeographic,hechangedhowthecameraworks.Hereplacedthefilmtechnologywithdigitalsensorsdesignedfordeepspaceexploration.Healsoaddednewsoftwarewrittenspeciallyforthecamera.Hehopesthecamerawillhelphimtakeaphotographofthemomentlightningstarts.Thisisverydifficultandhehasbeentryingtogetthatshotsince2006.Theburstoflightcomesfromclosetothegroundandmovesuptothesky.Itistravelingatathirdofthespeedoflightandthestartofthisflashtakesaslittleas200milliseconds.Thecameraisfastenoughtotakethepicture,buthemustalsoknowwheretopointitandalso“click”attherighttime.Somepeoplethinkhehasnochanceofgettingtheshothewants.ButSamarasisusedtopeopletellinghimthatwhathe’stryingcan’tbedone.Beforehestartedtostudylightning,hespentseveralyearschasingaftertornadoes.Peopledidn’tthinkitwaspossibletorecordwhatitlooksandfeelslikeinsideatornado,butSamarasmanaged.Hegotsomeofthemostaccuratereadingseverofwindspeed,barometricpressure,temperature,andhumidity.Itispossiblethatheisrightabouthowtophotographthestartoflightning,too.“I’mstillinhotpursuitofthatimage,”hesaidin2021,adding,“AndIwon’tstopuntilthisisdone.”1Whatkindofpeoplemakegoodnurses?A:Well,youhavetobeorganized.Forexample,I’minchargeofmypatients’medicine.Ihavetogivethemthecorrectmedicine,soIwriteeverythingdowninachart.Igetthemedicine.Then,Icheckonmychartthatit’sthecorrectone.Nobodygetsthewrongmedicinethatway.Q:Youarewellorganized!A:Thanks.Ithasabigeffectonmypatients’health,soit’simportanttome.Nursesalsohavetobefitbecausetheworkisveryphysical.Q:Whatkindofphysicalworkdoyoudo?A:Istandorwalkallofthetime,andsometimesIhavetoliftpatientsupfromtheirbeds.:Isteachingadifficultjob?A:Sometimesitis.Althoughthestudentsarewonderful,theschoolhasaruleIdon’tlike.Q:Whatkindofrule?A:Well,Iteachmathandscience,andIthinkthey’reveryimportantsubjects.Butstudentsheredon’thavetotakebothsubjects.Theycantakeoneortheotherandstillgraduate.Q:Doyoumeantheycanfinishschoolandnevertakemath,forexample?A:Yes,theycan.It’snotagoodidea,inmyopinion.2:Isteachingadifficultjob?A:Sometimesitis.Althoughthestudentsarewonderful,theschoolhasaruleIdon’tlike.Q:Whatkindofrule?A:Well,Iteachmathandscience,andIthinkthey’reveryimportantsubjects.Butstudentsheredon’thavetotakebothsubjects.Theycantakeoneortheotherandstillgraduate.Q:Doyoumeantheycanfinishschoolandnevertakemath,forexample?A:Yes,theycan.It’snotagoodidea,inmyopinion.3Whatdoesanengineerdoeveryday?A:Well,therearemanykindsofengineers.I’manindustrialengineer.Ilookatourprocesseshereatthefactory,andIsearchforanyproblems.Q:Whatdoyoudoifyoufindaproblem?A:Igiveapresentationtomymanagers.Wehaveameeting,andIexplaintheproblemtothem.Wetrytofindwaystosolveit.Q:Whathappensnext?A:Theyusuallyfollowmysuggestions.Q:Sothemanagersherehavealotofrespectforyou.A:Yes,Ibelievetheydorespectme.It’soneofthereasonsIlikemyjob.AnnieGriffithsisfamousforherbeautifulphotographs.Thephotoscomefromcountriesallovertheworld,soit’sjustanormalpartoflifeforGriffithstotravel.Livinginothercountriesisnotforeveryone,butforGriffithsandherchildren,it’sanadventure.HerchildrenespeciallylovetheMiddleEast,andtheirexperiencesinthatpartoftheworldhelpedthemtolearnaboutothercultures.Griffiths’workcanalsobedangerous.Travelingisnotalwayssafe.IntheGalapagosIslands,Griffithsfoundherselfinthewaterwithsharksoneday!Besideswritingandtakingpictures,Griffithsteachesphotographyskillstopeoplewhowanttobecomephotographers.TheyknowtheyarelearningfromoneofthebestphotographersintheWorld.第二單元.▲I’mMiranda.Idon’thavemuchfreetimebecauseIhaveafull-timejobasasalesmanager.Ialsohavechildren,soIliketospendtimewiththem.Sometimeswegotothebeach,andsometimeswegotothepark.Forme,playingwithmychildrenhassomeimportantbenefits:Itmakesmefeelyoungandgivesmegreatjoy.MynameisMike.I’mafirst-yearliteraturestudentoftheUniversityofPennsylvania.Ienjoytakingwalksinthepark.Ilovetheoutdoors—seeingthetreesandfeelingthesunonmyface.Basically,I’malwaysmoving.Walkingisgoodexercise.Allthatexercisekeepsmehealthy.MynameisCindy.WhatdoIdoinmyfreetime?Well,myhobbyiscooking.It’saprettycommonhobby,soIknowalotofotherpeoplewholiketocook.Sometimesmyfriendscomeoverandwecooktogether.Welaughandtellstories!I’mTim.I’mateacher.WhenIwanttorelax,Ilistentomusicathome.Myfavoritemusicisclassical,especiallyMozart.There’sonlyonedrawbacktospendingmyfreetimeathome:Ialmostneverspendtimeoutside.InabigcitysuchasParis,peopleneedplacestolive,shop,andwork.Emptyspacecanbehardtofind.Butthecitygovernmentfindsandkeepstheseemptyspaces.Peopleneedplacestospendtheirfreetime,andparksareplacesthatmostpeopleenjoy.ThecityofParisspendsalotofmoneytocreatemoreparksandgardens.Somepeoplethinkthatthecostisabigdrawback.So,whydoesthecitydothis?Whataresomeofthebenefitsofparksandothergreenspaces?BetterHealth.Havingplacestorelaxafterworkhelpspeoplefeelgood.Parksallowpeopletogetexercisesuchaswalkingandjogging.Beingoutdoorsinthesunlightisgoodforpeople.BetterEnvironment.Treeshelptocleantheairandmakecitiescooler.Cleanairhelpspeoplestayhealthy.LessCrime.Crime,suchasrobberyandmurder,iscommoninbigcities.Researchsaysthatthereislesscrimeinplaceswithgreenareasaroundthem.ImprovedEducation.Parksarealsoaplaceforchildrentolearnandplaytogether.Accordingtoonestudy,childrenlearnbetteraftertheyplayinapark.Newresearchsaysthatapeslaughwhentheyaretickled.ResearchersattheUniversityofPortsmouthleda“tickleteam”.Thegroupofresearcherstickledthenecks,feet,hands,andarmpitsofyoungapes.Theteamrecordedmorethan800oftheresultinglaughsontape.Theresearchsuggeststhattheapes’pantingnoiseisthesoundoflaughter.Theythinkthatthispantingisthebasisforhumanexpressionsofjoy—the“ha-ha”soundwemakewhenwelaugh.Whenwefindsomethingfunny,suchasajoke,welaugh.Whenapesfindsomethingfunny,suchasatickle,theylaugh.Humansfindmanysituationsfunny—suchasjokes,tickles,TVcomedyshows—butwearenotuniquebecauseanimalslaugh,too.第三單元DrWadeDavisisananthropologistAnthropologistsstudypeopleandculturesaroundtheworld,Ineachplacehetravelsto;Dr.Davislikestosharemealswiththelocalpeople.Onefoodthatmadeabigimpressiononhimisthedurianfruit.YoumightnothavedurianwhereyouliveiSoutheastAsiaistheonlypartoftheworldwhereitgrows.Sometimesit'shardtoimaginewhypeopleeatthethingstheydo.Buteverybodylikesdifferentthings.InMalaysia,thedurianisthe"kingolthefruits".Malaysiansloveit!Theythinkit'sdelicious.Somepeoplesaydurianhasatastethat'slikevanillaicecreamwithalittlebitofonion.Thedurianisahugefruit-asbigasarnan'shead.It'salsoheavy.Youcanonlyeatthisfruitafteritfallsfromthetree>Butyoucan'tjustrunupandtouchitwithyourhands.Adurianhassharpspinesgrowingonit,andtheycanhurtyou.Inside,though：thedumanissoftSomepeopleliketocookitOtherspra1由toeatitraw.There'ssomethingelsethat'sunusualaboutthedurian.Ithasaverystrongsmell.Somepeoplesayitsmellslikedirtyfeet!Somepeoplewon'tallowadurianinsidetheirhouse.Peopleknowthatthedurianisahealth/,nutritiousfoodforthebody.Sopeoplewhodon'treallylikethefruitholdtheirnosesandeatit.ForDr.Davis『eatingdurianandotherunusualfoodsshowsrespectforpeopleandtheircustoms.HeHs口saysthatdurianisgoodinpies?rdliketointroducetoyouthreekindsofrestaurants.ThefirstoneisSugarShacks.YoucanfirdsugarshacksintheCanadianprovinceofQuebec.They'refamiil/restaurants,andyoucangothereintheearlyspringforgoodfoodandmaplesyrup—asweetliquidfrommapletrees.Afteryoufinishyourpancakesandhotcoffee,ordersomemapletaffy—akindofcandy,Tomakethetaffy,arestaurantworkerpourswarmmaplesyrupontocoldsnow.Thentheworkerquicklyturnsthemaplesyrupwithawoodenstick,andthemapletaffyisreadytoeat!ThesecondisChocolaterias.WhichEuropeancountrymakesthebestchocolate?Peopledisagreeonthat,butwedoknowthatSpainwasthefirstEuropearcountrytobuycacaobeansformakingchocolate.CacaoarrivedinSevillein1585!Soonafterthat,Spanishpeoplefellinlovewithadrinkcalledhotchocolate.Today,youcanfindcafescalledchocolateriasalloverSpain.They'repopularplacesforfriendsandfamiliestomeet,andsomeofthemareopenallnightThelastoneisDimSumRestaurants,InEnglish,dimsummeans"alittlebitofheartsIntheUnitedStates,SarFranciscoisagreatplacetoenjoythesesmallplatesofdelicioustreats—allmadewithlove.WhySanFrancisco?Inthe1800s,man/ChinesepeoplemovedtoCaliforniatowork.TheirneighborhoodinSanFranciscowasthefirstChinatownintheUnitedStates.Today,therearenumerousdimsumrestaurantsinSanFrancisco.TheyallservethistraditionalChinesefoodwithatraditionalChinesebeverage—hottea.Doyouliketoeatbugs?Somepeopledo,andsomepeopledon'tButhere'sthesurprise—evenifyoudonrtlikeeatinginsects,youareprobablyeatingthemanyway.IntheUnitedStates,theU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)allowssomeinsectsandinsectpartsinfood,aslongastheydon'tmakepeoplesick.Forexample,forevery3.5ounces,chocolatecanhaveupto60insectpartsandpeanutbuttercanhave30insectfragments,accordingtotheFDA.Tomatosaucecan'tcontainmorethan30flyeggsper3.5ounces.Andfoodisnottheonlyplaceyoucanfindinsectsandinsectparts.Cochinealinsectsgivearedorpinkcoloringtofoods,lipsticks,andbeveragesThesmallbugsarelistedasHcochinealextract"ontheingredientlist.Thefeetis—youcan'talwaysavoideatinginsects.第四單元一Whatisyourhousemadeof?Buildingahousefromconcreteormetalrequireslargeamountsofenergyandpollutestheair.Buildingahousefromwoodmeanscuttingdowntreesanddamagingtheenvironment.BuilderMichaelFurbishhasanotheridea:Usestrawtomakebuildings.“Mostotherbuildingmaterialsrequirealotofenergyuseinproductionandmanufacturingatafactory,”explainsFurbish.Strawisakindofgrass,andittakeslittleenergytogrow.It’snotverynutritiousforanimals,however,sofarmersnormallydryitanduseitforanimalstosleepon.Afterthestrawisdry,farmersuseamachinetomakebales—largerectangularbricksofstraw.Then,builderssuchasFurbishbuildwallswiththebales.Whentheyfinishthewalls,theycoverthemwithplasterinsideandoutside.Thatkeepsoutwateraswellasinsectsandsmallanimals.Furbishusedabout900strawbalesforhisfamily’stwo-story,three-bedroomhouse.Hiscompanyusedabout4,000balestobuildanelementaryschoolinMaryland,youthinkastraw-balehouseisforyou?Youwon’tknowuntilyoutrylivinginone,butforFurbish,it’sagreenerwaytobuild.Q:Whatarevacationhomes?A:They’reusuallyhousesorcondominiums.Familiesonlyusethesehomesduringvacations,sotheywantthemtobeinbeautifullocations.Q:WhyisBajaCaliforniapopularforvacations?A:IthascoastsonthePacificOceanandtheSeaofCortez,sotouristscanenjoysealifesuchasdolphins,whales,andunusualfish.Itsbeautifulmountainsanddesertsarealsoexcellentforhikingandsightseeing.Q:CananyoneownahomeinBajaCalifornia?A:Yes.Youdon’thavetobeaMexicancitizentoownpropertyhere.Manyvacationhomesbelongtopeoplefromothercountries,especiallyCanadaandtheUnitedStates.Q:Aretherealotofnewvacationhomesforsale?A:Yes.MostofBajaCalifornia’spopulationlivesinthenorth,incitiessuchasTijuanaandMexicali.Recently,though,therehasbeenrapidgrowthinthesouth,especiallynearCaboSanLucasandLaPaz.Theywanttobuildalotofnewhousesandhotelsquicklyinthoseplaces.Q:Iseveryonehappyaboutthehousinggrowth?A:No.Somepeopleworryaboutdamagetotheenvironmentasmoreandmorepeoplemovein.BajaCaliforniaisalsoverydry,sohavingenoughdrinkingwaterforeveryoneisanotherconcern.InBarcelona,Spain,bothvisitorsandresidentsofthecityknowaboutthearchitectAntoniGaudi.TheCasaMilaisperhapshisbest-knownbuilding.Fromtheoutside,thewallslooklikenaturalstone.Ontheroof,severallarge,unusualworksofartareactuallychimneys—theycarryawaygasesfromcookingandheatingfrominsidetheapartments.TheCasaBatlloisanotherofGaudi'sapartmentbuildings.Theoutsideofthebuildingisverycolorful,andit’seasytoseethatGaudiwasanartistaswellasanarchitect.Noteveryapartmentisspacious,buteachapartmenthasabalcony,soresidentscanstandoutsidetheirbedroomsorlivingroomsandseethestreetbelow.第五單元Let'sturnnowtolanguage-anotherpartofthelegacyoftheancientCelticpeople…OKtbynowyouknowwhatImeanwhenItalkaboutlanguageextinction,andunfortunately,twoofthesixmodernCelticlanguagesarenearlyextinct.BothCornish-oncespokeninCornwall—andManx,thelanguagefromtheIsleofMandtoday:arespokenbyonlyafewhundrednativespeakers.It'squiteadifferentcasewithWelshandIrishGaelic,whichbetweenthemhaveoveramillionspeake「s…What's,what'sreallyunusualhereisthatwhenmostlanguagesbecomeextinct,thankstolanguagerevivaleffortsandanewinterestinthisarea'sancientroots,manypeoplenowreadnewspapers,or,orlistentoradioprogramsinaCelticlanguage,andthenumberofspeakershasactuallyg「own!Nowlet'stalkalittleaboutolhe「aspectsofCelticculture,andwhy,inthe21stcentury,peopleseemtofinditsoappealing…FirstoffTIdonlneedtotellyouaboutthemusicandthedancing,The/reprobablylovedbymorepeopleintheworldnowthantheyeverwe「einancienttimes.AndalthoughtheveryearlyCelticpeoplen巳vb「wroteabook,storytellingwas—andstillis—anessentialpartofCelticlife.SomeofthemostrespectedmodernwritershavecamefromIrelandandScotland—JannesJoyce…RobertLouisStevensonthelistgoeson.Megan:WeshouldgetgoingonourprojectWestillneedtochooseourtopic,andthendividethework…Tyler:Howlongisourpresentationsupposedtobe?Megan:Theminimumissixminutes,anditcan'texceed10minutes.Alana:OKNow.whichculturedowewanttolearnmoreabout?Ithoughttheanimalmummieswerereallyinteresting.Hassan:Theywereinteresting,butTvestudiedancientEgyptbefore,MaybesomeaspectofCelticculture?Likethemusic?Megan:Thatsoundsgoodtome.ButfirstTifTmgoingtobethegroupleader.Alana,wouldyoubethesecretary?Alana:I'malwaysthesecretary.I*dratherdosomethingelseHowabouttheexpert?DIdosomeofthe「日sea「clrand111answerquestionsfromtheaudience.Tyler:IcouldaccompanyAlanatothelibrarytolookforinformation.Megan:Goodrandcouldyoubethesecretaryaswell?Tyler:Noproblem.HIattempttotakenotesthateveryonecanread.Hassan:And111volunteertobethecoach.Megan:ThatsgreatThankyou.Lefssed…Wehaveacoupleoftoughdecisionstomake…Good.Ifssettled,then.Thestudyhallatthestudentunion,ateighto'clockonWednesdaymorningZMana:Thatsoundsprettyearly,butit'stheonlytimewecanallgettogether.Hassan,remembertowearawatchsowecantimeourselves.Hassan:Noworries.Ialwayswearawatch,andithasasecondhand.Megan:OK,thisisgoingprettywelLEveryonehasajobtodo,andwealllikethetopicofCelticmusic,right?Tyler:Thetopicisgood,butit'sverybroad.Narrowingittosomethingmorespecificisprobablyinevitable.Hassan:RightrlikeCelticmusicalinstrumentsorsomething.Alana:Hey,wecouldmakesome…MaybeonethatshowsanIrishharp,andanotherthatshowsbothIrishandScottishbagpipessoouraudiencecanlearnhowtodistinguishthetwokinds.Hassan:ThafsagreatidearandIknowwherewecanfindsomegoodphotostouse.Megan:OK,itsoundslikewehaveaplan.Caneveryonegotothelibraryafterclasssowecangetstarted?AncientEgyptiansknewthatdeathwasinevitable—alllivingthingseventuallydie—butinanattempttomaketheafterlifeascomfortableaspossible,mummieswereaccompaniedbythingstheywouldneedinthefuture.TheitemsburiedwithancientEgyptiansrepresentedimportantaspectsoftheirdailyliveseverythingfromfurnituretocookingoil.Theybelievedthatintheafterlife,theseitemsbecamerealandusefultothedeadperson.Thatideamaynotseemrationalnowadays,butancientEgyptiansdidn'tdistinguishbetweenhumanneedsbeforeandafterdeath.Theyevenmummifiedpiecesofmeattorepresentthefoodthedeadpersonwouldneed,第六單元HereonEarth,weliketolookupatthestarsinthenightsky.Inspace,thestarslookevenmoreamazing!AstronautDonThomasflewintospaceonthespaceshuttleColumbia.Hesaidlater,“Icouldseemanymorestars.Ialsocouldseestarsofdifferentcolors.Somearewhite.Othersareblue,red,oryellowlikeoursun.”Formostofus,starsinthenightskyappeartotwinkle.That’s

becauselightfromthestarstravelsthroughtheearth’satmospherebeforeweseeit.Gasesintheatmospherearealwaysmoving,andthatmakesthelightfromthestarslookunsteady.Incontrast,“Theydon’ttwinkleinspace,”saysThomas.“Theylooklikesteadypointsoflight.”O(jiān)urownsunisayellow,average-sizedstar.Itformedaroundbillionyearsago—probablyinaverylargecloudofgasanddustcalledanebula.Bitsofgasanddustcametogether,andthengravitybegantopullthegasanddustintoaball.Astheballgrewlarger,itsgravitygrewstronger.Overtime,thegravitybecamesostrongthattheballcollapsedandthegasheatedup.Astarwasborn!Starslastaverylongtime—formillionsorevenbillionsofyears.Oursunwillgetcooleranddiesomeday,butitwon’thappenanytimesoon.TelescopesofthepastAsfarasweknow,Galileowasthefirstastronomertoobservethemoon,planets,andstarsthroughatelescope.Inthe17thcentury,telescopeswerejustglasslensesinsidetubesmadeofwood.Thelenseswereshapedbyhandtomakethingsappearlarger.Soon,however,peoplewantedbiggertelescopestobeabletoseefartherintospace.Largeglasslenseswereheavyanddidn’tworkwellinatelescope,soin1668,IsaacNewtoninventedsomethingnew:atelescopethatusedamirrortoreflectlight.Soon,reflectingtelescopesbecamethefirstchoiceforastronomers.TelescopesofthepresentAstelescopesbecamelarger,itbecamenecessarytoputtheminsidesomekindofbuilding.Observatories,buildingswithtelescopesinsidefordoingresearch,werebuiltasearlyasthe18thcentury.Withtheselargertelescopes,astronomersdiscoveredplanetsthatGalileoneverknewabout—UranusandNeptune.Threeoftoday’slargestobservatoriesstandontopofMaunaKeainHawaii.Atnearly14,000feet(4,300meters),MaunaKeaisabove40percentoftheearth’satmosphere.TheKeckObservatoryisamongtheobservatoriesonMaunaKea,andthemirrorsinitstworeflectingtelescopesare33feet(10meters)across!Theirsizeallowsastronomerstoseefarintospace.Mostoftheworld’speoplenowliveinornearcities,wheredoingmostthingsatnightisaseasyasdoingthemduringtheday.Seeingthestarsatnight,however,isnoteasytodoinacity.Streetlightsandlightsfrombusinessesandadvertisersshineintothenightsky,andonlythebrighteststarscanbeseen.Thedark-skymovementwantstochangethis.Theyarguethatseeingthenightskyisimportantforeveryone—notonlyforastronomers.Theysaythatoutdoorlightingaffectshumanhealthandwildlife,andtheyrecommendsimplethingssuchasstreetlightsthatonlyletlightshinedownatthestreet,notupatthesky.第七單元.▲TaylorgrewupinAsiaandEurope.Asachild,heoftenswamamongMalaysia’scoralreefs—placeswheresmallseaanimalsandplantsgrowonrocksorothersolidobjectsontheoceanfloor.Reefsareimportantformanykindsofoceanlife,andthey’reintroublebecauseoffishingandclimatechange.Thesedays,Taylorstilllikestoswim,andheisconsciousoftheneedtohelpoceanreefsandoceanlife.Hisrecentartprojectdoesexactlythat.TheSilentEvolutionisagroupofsculptures.Taylorusedrealpeopleasmodelswhenhewasmakingthem.Inaway,allthesculpturesarecopiesofpeople,andtheylookjustlikethem.Thesculpturesareinapublicplace,buttheyarenoteasytosee.TheyareontheoceanfloornearCancun,Mexico.Therearemorethan400ofthem,andtogether,theyformonehugepieceofart.It’sespeciallyinterestingbecausetheartistdidnotrepeatanyofthesculptures—eachoneisasculptureofadifferentperson.Taylor’sartworkisconstantlychanging.Seaanimalsandplantsmaketheirhomesonthesculpturesjustastheydoonnaturalreefs,andintime,anewreefwillform.Thatmeansthesculpturesaretemporary,andifyouwanttoseethem,youneedtodoitsoon.Taylorhopesthenewreefthatformsoverthesculptureswilllastforever,oratleastfarintothefuture.ElephantartbeganatzoosintheUnitedStates.ZookeeperstheresawanelephantnamedRubyusingasticktomakemarksinthedirt.Theyboughtpaintsandbrushesforher,andsoonshewaspainting.InabookaboutRuby,authorDickGeorgesaysshelovedtopaint,andsheevenchosethecolors.InThailand,theThaiElephantConservationCenter(TECC)nowteacheselephantstopaint.Theythinkitmightbegoodforthem.Theanimalslearntoholdthepaintbrush,andtrainershelpthemtomovetheirtrunksandpaintpictures.Somepaintingsshowrealthingssuchasflowers,trees,andevenelephants,butaccordingtotheTECC,theelephantsdon’tunderstandthepictures.Theyjustfollowtheinstructionsoftheirtrainers.However,somepeoplethinktherecouldbemoretoitthanthat.Differentelephantshavetheirownpaintingstyles,andtheirpaintingsbecomemoredetailedovertime.Andtopeoplewhobuythepaintings,someelephantsarebetterpaintersthanothers.Forexample,anelephantnamedRamonamaybethemostfamouselephantinBali.Manypeoplebuyherpaintings,andsheseemstohaveanartist’spersonality.Ramonalikestoworkwithdarkcolors.Shealsostopsandlooksatapaintingcarefullybeforechoosingthenextcolor,andsheonlypaintswhenshewantstopaint.MynameisAlicia,andIliveinthestateofGuanajuatoincentralMexico.HereinGuanajuato,musicanddancingareabigpartoflife.Therearealotoffestivalshere,andmanykindsofmusic,butmyfavoritekindofmusicistraditionalMexicanmusic—thekindofmusicmygrandparentsandgreat-grandparentslistenedto.I’mafolkdancer,andIlovetoperformatspecialevents.Tobeafolkdancer,youhavetolovethecultureandthemusichere.That’sthemostimportantthing,butwealsoneedtoworkhardandpracticealot.Wedanceingroups,andeverypersonhastoknowthesteps.Andyoucan’tbuytraditionalfolkdancingdressesatthestore,sowehavetomakeourown.WeweartraditionaldressesthatonlycomefromthispartofMexico.第八單元Nomatterwhatlanguagetheyspeaktpeopleallovertheworldtalktobabiesinthesameway:babytalk!Peoplespeaktobabieswitharaisedpitchandaswooping,sing-songstylebecausebabiesrespondtoItScientistsbelievethepracticehasausefulbiologicalorigintandhumansaren'ttheonlyanimalstousebabytalkwhenspeakingtooffspring.Astudyoffemalertiesusmonkeysshowsthattheyalsomakeuniquevocalizationstointeractwithinfantstogettheirattention."Thesefemalemonkeysaredefinitelyexcitedaboutlookingatbabies,andtheirvocalizationsconveythatexcitement/saidstudyco-authorDarioMaestripieri,anassociateprofessorincomparativehumandevelopmentattheUniversityofChicago,Oneparticularmonkeysound,knownasa"girney"tseemsespeciallydesignedforinfantears,"WhenInfantsarearoundtheyusethegirreyalotmore,andtheyalsodootherthingslikewagtheirtailstothebabies-whichtheydon'tdoin口由日「circumstances/Maestripierlsaid.IAnyonelookingforamonkeybabytalktranslationwillbedisappointed.°Youcan'taskWhatdoesitmean?'"Maestripierisaid,"Itdoesn(tmeananything.It'stheintonationthatmatters.MLisaParrofYerkesNationalPrimateCenteratAtlanta'sEmoryUniversitywasnotinvolvedinthestudybutsherecognizesthatbabyt