非謂語動詞(整理)(整理)

非謂語動詞1優(yōu)選文檔1

什么是非謂語動詞??？

“非謂語非謂語”,就是不是謂語的動詞唄!那不是謂語是什么呢？。。。。。。優(yōu)選文檔2英語一句話只能有一個主謂結構如果出現(xiàn)更多動詞：加連詞（and/but/so…）放入從句變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語

優(yōu)選文檔3e.g.Heworks.

Hewants

towork

here.

Heis

working

now.Themeetingheldlastweekisveryimportant.非謂語：無人稱，數(shù)的變化，不單獨作謂語，但保留動詞特點，可以有賓語或狀語。優(yōu)選文檔4過去分詞v-ed不定式to+v動詞的v-ing非謂語動詞優(yōu)選文檔5動詞不定式優(yōu)選文檔6動詞不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.MyjobistoteachEnglish.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

主語

賓語表語

定語

狀語

賓補(Itisfoolishtodothatsortofthing.)Sheaskedmetostayhere.優(yōu)選文檔7注①：在很多情況下，特別是在口語中，常采用it作形式主語，而把不定式后置。

It’sagreatpleasuretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.注②：不定式結構的邏輯主語通?？稍谔囟ǖ纳舷挛幕蚯榫爸锌闯?，也可以由“for/of+名詞詞組”來表示，如：Itwasdifficultformetodothework.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.作主語特別注意優(yōu)選文檔下列情形用不定式作定語MadeCuriewasthefirstpersonintheworldtoreceivetwoNobelPrizes.

Thebestwaytokeepfitistodevelophealthyeatinghabits.特別注意作定語1.由theonly,thefirst,thelast,thenext以及序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞,常用不定式作定語.優(yōu)選文檔

Threeyearslaterhehadachance

togoto

Australia.Hefailedinhisattempt

toescapefrom

prison.2.當修飾詞是名詞:ability,way,chance,attempt,plan,failure等,這時用不定式作定語,對所修飾詞起補充說明的作用.優(yōu)選文檔作賓補Sheaskedmetostayhere.1.她叫我呆在這兒。2.請允許我介紹Mr.White給你們。

PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.adviseallowaskcauseencourageexpectforcegetinforminviteorderpermitremindrequestteachtellwantwarnenablewish優(yōu)選文檔

做獨立成分1.Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.(老實說)類似的短語有:

tobefrank,坦白說

tobeexact,確切的說

tobeginwith,

首先,第一優(yōu)選文檔注意1.有些動詞后面的不定式不帶to，如feel（一感）hear,listento（二聽）make,have,let（三讓）

see,watch,notice,observe（四看）.Iheardthemsingapopsong.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.A.

不帶to的不定式注:這些動詞若用于被動語態(tài),不定式必須加toThemanwasmadetomovehiscarbythepoliceman.優(yōu)選文檔在wouldrather…than…,ratherthan,

等結構后的than之后不用to.在can’tbut,can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,donothingbut,之后的不定式不用to4.介詞but,except,besides+todo,但是如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么,介詞后的不定式不用to.優(yōu)選文檔5.一些特定結構中:

whynotdo…(為什么不做…)hadbetterdo…(最好做…)wouldratherdo…(寧愿；寧可)Iwouldratherhaveacupoftea.

我寧愿喝茶。Youhadbettergoback.

你還是回去的好。Whynotseeafilmtonight?優(yōu)選文檔注意B.帶疑問詞的動詞不定式在to前加疑問詞。Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?(what,when,where,which,who,how)優(yōu)選文檔注意D.作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復時，動詞不定式常常省去to后面的動詞，只保留to

。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。優(yōu)選文檔E.

有些動詞后面既可跟不定式todo，又可跟動名詞doing，但是意義不一樣，如remember,forget,try,stop,goon,mean,regret,like/love,can’thelp,propose等等

Irememberedtoposttheletters.Irememberedposting/havingposttheletters.1)remember/forgettodo表示記得/忘記要去做某事

remember/forgetdoing表示記得/忘記

做過某事

2)trytodo設法努力做某事

trydoing嘗試著做某事

3)goontodo表示接著做另外一件事情

goondoing表示接著做原來的那件事情

優(yōu)選文檔184)stoptodo表示停下來去做另外一件事情

stopdoing表示停止做某事

5)meantodo表示打算，意欲做某事

meandoing表示意味著，意思是

6)regrettodo表示很遺憾要去做某事

regretdoing表示很遺憾已經做過的事情8)can’thelp(to)do表示不能做，無助于

can’thelpdoing表示請不自禁

9)usedtodo表示過去常常做某事

be/getusedtodoing表示習慣于做某事優(yōu)選文檔19注：need/want/require;worth/worthy的特殊用法

Thebikeneedstoberepaired.Theroomneedsrepairing.need/wanttobedone=need/wantdoing需要(含被動意義)

ThebookisworthreadingThebookisworthytoberead.Thebookisworthyofbeingread.2)beworthdoing…beworthytobedone/beworthyofbeingdone這本書值得一讀。優(yōu)選文檔20注:prefer的用法：preferdoing…todoing…prefertodo…ratherthando…wouldratherdo…thando…

Ipreferwaitingheretostayingathome.Iprefertowaithereratherthanstayathome.Iwouldratherwaitherethanstayathome.優(yōu)選文檔21Heisusedto_________inthatcity.(live)I’mlookingforwardto______yousoon.(see)Sheobjectsto_________theproblemnow.(discuss)Hedevotedhimselfto___________thenewtheory.(establish)Ihavebeenaccustomedto________inthatcompanysinceIcamehere.(work)Inadditionto_______hisownworkwell,heisreadytohelpothers.(do)F.下面的to是介詞，而不是不定式

be/getaccustomedto,be/getusedto,inadditionto,+livingseeingdiscussingestablishingworkingdoing優(yōu)選文檔22主動被動一般式

進行式

完成式

否定式

不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone在to前加not優(yōu)選文檔23動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.㈠.

一般式(todo).所表示的動作在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生。（將要…）被動式：tobedone3.Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.優(yōu)選文檔24㈡.進行式(tobedoing)1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.2.Heissaidtobecoming.所表示的動作和謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。（正在進行）沒有被動式優(yōu)選文檔25㈢.完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。（已經做過）3.Heclaimed____inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadlyD.tohavebeenbadlytreated.被動式：tohavebeendone優(yōu)選文檔261.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot

.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC..havingturneditoffD.toturnitoff2.Shecan’thelp______thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.

A.tocleanB.cleaningC.CleanedD.beingcleaned3.Noteverybodyhastheability

inpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak練習優(yōu)選文檔274.Maryisalwaysthefirststudent___to

answertheteacher’squestionsinclass.A.risingB.toriseC.roseD.risen5.—Mum,whydoyoualwaysaskmetoeataneggeveryday?---_____enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting6.—Wouldyoubesokind__usout?---Withpleasure.A.helpingB.inhelpingC.helpD.astohelp優(yōu)選文檔287.Wetumbrellasarenotallowed______intothishotelaccordingtotherule.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.taking8.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.

AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying9.InAustralia,hemadealotoffriends____averypracticalknowledgeofEnglish.getB.gettingC.togetD.got優(yōu)選文檔2910.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.

A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Weagreed___here,butsofarshehasn’tturnedoutyet.

A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet12.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade________.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning優(yōu)選文檔3013.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_________.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoIsawhim______outoftheroom.A.goB.hadgoneC.hasgoneD.goes15.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto______

A.sitB.sitonC.besitD.besaton優(yōu)選文檔3116.Thereisn’tanydifferentbetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow________

A.wheretochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhatD.tochoosewhich17.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake優(yōu)選文檔321.非謂語動詞有哪些不同的形式？

非謂語動詞一般式

完成式

一般式

完成式to+v不定式過去分詞tobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendone及物動詞的過去分詞既表示被動又表示動作已完成,個別動詞的過去分詞只表示完成(多數(shù)為不及物動詞)主動形式被動形式todotohavedonedoinghavingdone不定式除一般式、完成式以外還有__________________進行式tobedoingv-edv-ing分詞非謂語動詞的否定：________________not+非謂語動詞優(yōu)選文檔33非謂語動詞主語賓語賓補主補定語狀語表語不定式-ing分詞過去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√2.非謂語動詞在句中通常作什么成分？優(yōu)選文檔34V-ing現(xiàn)在分詞優(yōu)選文檔35非謂語動詞主語賓語賓補主補定語狀語表語不定式v-ing分詞過去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√V-ing

分詞在句中通常作什么成分？優(yōu)選文檔36V-ing

現(xiàn)在分詞Workingwithyouisapleasure.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.MyjobistoteachEnglish.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

主語

賓語表語

定語

狀語

賓補(Itisapleasureworkingwithyou.)Sheaskedmetostayhere.優(yōu)選文檔37用法例句時間Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.(=WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.)優(yōu)選文檔38用法例句原因Beingtired,Istoppedtotakearest.(=BecauseIwastired,Istoppedtotakearest.)條件Workinghard,youwillsucceed.(=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.)優(yōu)選文檔39用法例句讓步KnowingwhereIlive,henevercometoseeme.(=ThoughheknowswhereIlive,henevercometoseeme.)

優(yōu)選文檔40用法例句伴隨Istoodthere,waitingforher.(=Istoodthere,andwaitedforher.)結果Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthearea.(=Itrainedheavilysothatitcausedseverefloodinginthearea.)優(yōu)選文檔41v-ing

形式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動被動一般式完成式否定式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone在v-ing前加not優(yōu)選文檔42例句：Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenthome.Beingasked

toanswerthequestion,hestoodup.Havingbeenwritteninhaste,thebookhassomefaults.

優(yōu)選文檔43

not置于V-ing

之前

Notgettingupearly,hemissedthefirstbus.

Nothavingreceivedhisletter,weallfeltworried.2.V-ing形式的否定式優(yōu)選文檔44分詞(短語)作狀語時,其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果不一致，必須用獨立主格結構來表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語。3.V-ing形式需注意優(yōu)選文檔45Enteringtheroom,IfoundTomwatchingTV.Lookingatthepicture,Icouldn’thelpmissingmymiddleschooldays.比較Thebellringing,weallstoppedtalking.Weatherpermitting,wewillhaveanoutingtomorrow.優(yōu)選文檔46一、構成形式

△

過去分詞只有一種形式(v+ed)△

現(xiàn)在分詞（否定式not+分詞）：被動形式doinghaving

donebeingdonehavingbeendone一般式完成式主動形式優(yōu)選文檔47二、分詞的語法功能1．作定語2．作表語3．作賓語補足語4．作狀語優(yōu)選文檔48三、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的用法區(qū)別優(yōu)選文檔491、作定語時:position單個的分詞作定語時一般前置（位于被修飾的詞之前），分詞短語作定語時后置。Doyouknowthe

（哭著的）boy?Doyouknowtheboy（在樹下哭的）

?Wearetryingourbesttocatchupwiththe

（發(fā)達的）country.Thestudentsarediscussingabook(由魯迅寫的).cryingcryingunderthetree

developedwrittenbyLuXun優(yōu)選文檔50作定語時:relationshipThemeetingheldlastweek

isveryimportant.2.Tellthechildrenplayingthere

nottomakesomuchnoise.被動關系主動關系優(yōu)選文檔51現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的比較飄雪______________________落葉______________________令人驚訝的消息——————感到吃驚的表情——————-[總結]:v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞作定語:_____________________________________v-ed過去分詞作定語:___________________________________________fallingsnowfallenleavesthesurprisingnews表示“主動，或正在進行//令人感覺怎么樣”表示“被動，或已完成//人自身感覺怎么樣”thesurprisedlook優(yōu)選文檔52

ItisthefirsttimethatJoyhascometoLianyungang.Shehasmuchdifficultyfindingherwayaround,astheroadshavemany_________________turnsandbranchroads.

Scene1confusing/puzzling優(yōu)選文檔53Scene2

Amywasperforminginadramawhensuddenlysheforgotthewords.Theaudienceclappedtheirhandstoencourageher,butshefeltthiswasher____________(embarrass)situation.

embarrassed優(yōu)選文檔54Practicemakesperfect!1.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps______fromthelibrary.（10全國Ⅰ）

A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing2.(2011江蘇）Recentlyasurvey_______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.A．comparedB．comparingC．comparesD．beingcompared3.Withthegovernment’said,those_____bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.（09上海）

A.affectB.affectingC.affectedD.wereaffected優(yōu)選文檔552、作表語時（跟在系動詞后）現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主語所具有的特征或屬性；過去分詞多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人…的”，過去分詞表示“感到…”.常見的分詞有：amazed/amazing;annoyed/annoying;interested/interesting;pleased/pleasing;surprised/surprising;satisfied/satisfying;amused/amusingLearnthembyheart!優(yōu)選文檔56Translation:1.有人認為如果一本書是有趣的，它一定會使讀者感興趣的。2.先生們、女士們，請一直做到飛機已完全停下來止。Itisbelievedthatifabookisinteresting,itwillsurelyinterestthereader.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremainseateduntiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.優(yōu)選文檔573、作賓語補足語時:relationship取決于分詞與賓語的關系：主動關系，用doing被動關系，用done例如1.Ifoundthempainting

thewindows.

2.Ifoundthewindowspainted.

主動關系被動關系（現(xiàn)在分詞表主動、進行）（過去分詞表被動、完成）優(yōu)選文檔58Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.1.(09全國)Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficrunsmoothly.2.（2011江蘇）—Youlookupset.What’sthematter？

—Ihadmyproposaltoturndownagain.

(running)turneddown優(yōu)選文檔59

3.(10安徽卷)

JustnowIcaughthimtostealthingsfromthesupermarket.

stealing優(yōu)選文檔604、作狀語時:relationship_____fromthemoon,theearthlookslikeablueball.(see)_______nobodyathome,heleft.(see)被動關系主動關系分詞的選?。喝Q于分詞與句子主語的關系：主動關系：用doing被動關系：用doneSeenSeeing優(yōu)選文檔61Astheharelooksdownuponthetortoise,heliesdownandsleepssoundly.Rewritethesentencesusing–ingor-edforms:優(yōu)選文檔62__________________thetortoise,thehareliesdownandsleepssoundly.Lookingdownupon優(yōu)選文檔631.(10天津)Whenweapproachedthecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.

Approachingthecity,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.2.(04北京)Becausehewastiredafterthetrip,hesoonfellasleep.

Tiredafterthetrip,hesoonfellasleep.COMEON!優(yōu)選文檔64Note1:現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式與完成式：一般式：doing表示非謂語動作與謂語動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。完成式：havingdone表示非謂語動作與謂語動作有著先后順序。

____________suchheavyloss,thebusinessmandidn’thavethecouragetogoon.(suffer)例如：

________thenews,herfansbecamewildwith

excitement.(hear)Hearing

Havingsuffered優(yōu)選文檔65Remember:Practicemakesperfect!

1.(08全國卷I)Thestormleft,

_____alotofdamagetothisarea.

A.caused

B.tohavecaused

C.tocause

D.havingcaused2.____theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.(09廣東)A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted

優(yōu)選文檔66Note2:分詞作狀語的基本原則：分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。當非謂語動作的主語不是句子的主語時，必須加上其自己的邏輯主語，這種結構稱為獨立主格結構。如：Spring

coming,thefieldsarefulloflife.再如：

Weather

permitting,wewillgooutforaspringouting.Thejobhavingbeendone,wewenthome.因為coming的邏輯主語，并不是thefields

，應補上它的邏輯主語spring，優(yōu)選文檔67獨立主格結構非謂語動詞，主語+謂語名詞/代詞+動作的邏輯主語優(yōu)選文檔68fallinghereandthere,Isuddenlynoticeautumnisdrawing

upon.completed,we’llhaveaglobaltraveling.LeavesTask優(yōu)選文檔69Consolidation:1.Manystudents_____around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.（07重慶）

A.stoodB.standingC.tostandD.werestanding2.There___nothingtotalkabout,everyoneintheroomremainedsilent.A.wasB.hadC.beingD.having3.Everything____intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirposition.A.totakenB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking優(yōu)選文檔70Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent__attheendoflastMarch.(2007山東)A.hasbeenlaunched B.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunchedB優(yōu)選文檔71Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_fortheday.(07重慶)A.finishing B.finished C.hadfinished D.werefinishedB優(yōu)選文檔72有些分詞作狀語時，其形式的選用不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分或插入語。常見的有：generally/frankly/strictlyspeaking

一般而言/坦率地說/嚴格地說judgingfrom/by

根據(jù)…來判斷considering/taking…intoconsideration考慮到…；鑒于…supposing/providing/providedthat

如果comparedwith/to

與…相比例如①______________hisaccent,heisfromthesouth.②__________yourhealth,you‘dbetterhavearest.Note3:獨立成分作狀語Judgingfrom/byConsidering優(yōu)選文檔73-ing復合結構my/your...

人/物’sI’mhappyforyourtellingmethetruth.I’mangryforyournottellingmethetruth.優(yōu)選文檔Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_.

A.thethiefhavingcaught

B.catchthethief

C.thethief’sbeingcaught

D.thethieftobecaughtC優(yōu)選文檔__themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.

A.Thepresidentwillattend

B.Thepresidenttoattend

C.Thepresidentattended

D.Thepresident’sattendingD優(yōu)選文檔總結:非謂語動詞與邏輯主語的關系：表示主動用V-ing、表示被動用V-ed；與謂語動詞時間的關系：同時發(fā)生用:v-ing的一般形式、發(fā)生在之前用:完成形式；發(fā)生在之后用:不定式的一般形式。優(yōu)選文檔77非謂語動詞解題四大步驟優(yōu)選文檔78（一）分析句子結構,辨別“謂語與非謂語”（如果是非謂語，判斷所充當?shù)某煞郑_____manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.______manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.BeingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.ThoughhewastoldC___A注意連詞優(yōu)選文檔793.It___ahotday,we’dbettergoswimming.4.____arainyday;wedecidednottogothere.isB.tobeC.beingD.ItbeingE.ItwasF.beenCE注意標點符號優(yōu)選文檔80

非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。（二）找邏輯主語1.Walkingalongthestreetoneday,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.2.Sheisreadingabookfoundontheway.3.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.一般來說：1.作狀語的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語；2.作賓補的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是賓語；3.作定語的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是被修飾詞。優(yōu)選文檔81

Everythingthey1._______everythingintoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.2.Everything______

intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.Fillintheblankswiththeproperformoftheverb“take”Takingtaken優(yōu)選文檔82（三）分析語態(tài)分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關系?！癥oucan’tcatchme!”Janeshouted,_______away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran2._____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.LosingJane

thetwostudents優(yōu)選文檔83(四）分析時態(tài)1.Thebuilding____nowwillbearestaurant.2.Thebuilding____nextyearwillbearestaurant.3.Thebuilding_____lastyearisarestaurant.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt

C.beingbuilt

D.builtCBD優(yōu)選文檔84非謂語動詞解題步驟方法總結：謂非謂，找主語，析語態(tài)，定時態(tài)。

優(yōu)選文檔85Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier