Unit 2 課時(shí)5 Section B（3a-SelfCheck）【學(xué)案】（核心提要+精講專(zhuān)練） 人教版 八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)教材講義

Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.課時(shí)5SectionB（3a-SelfCheck）Learningaims:1.復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式的不同用法。掌握生詞interest,sir,madam。2.能夠用英語(yǔ)表述常見(jiàn)的志愿活動(dòng)，并就自己喜歡的志愿活動(dòng)發(fā)表看法。重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語(yǔ)1.打掃干凈___________________2.(使)變得更高興；振奮起來(lái)___________________3.分發(fā)；散發(fā)___________________4.放棄___________________5.張貼___________________6.推遲___________________7.打電話(huà)給(某人)___________________8.修理；解決___________________9.贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)___________________10.建立；設(shè)立___________________11.幫助解決困難___________________12.用完___________________13.想出；提出___________________（一）動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為＂to＋動(dòng)詞原形＂，其中to不是介詞，而是動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，稱(chēng)為小品詞，動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。動(dòng)詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句子中可以用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。本單元主要學(xué)習(xí)其作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)的用法?！魟?dòng)詞不定式的形式及性質(zhì)（1）動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式：todo（to有時(shí)可省略）；（2）動(dòng)詞不定式變否定：not（to）do；（3）動(dòng)詞不定式無(wú)人稱(chēng)變化；（4）動(dòng)詞不定式仍保留動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。?tospeakatthemeeting在會(huì)議上發(fā)言toreadnewspapers看報(bào)紙◆動(dòng)詞不定式的句法作用一、作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）可以放在一些動(dòng)詞后面用作賓語(yǔ)，能以動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：begin，want，remember，agree，learn，like，decide，fail，pretend，demand，refuse等。?Youmustlearntolookafteryourself.你必須學(xué)著照顧自己。?Theyvolunteertocleanupthehousefortheoldlady.他們自愿給老人打掃房子。?Theywouldliketocomebybus.他們想乘公共汽車(chē)來(lái)。二、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。?ItellhimtoarriveonSunday.我讓他周日到達(dá)。?LiLeiaskedhisdeskmatetohelphimwithEnglish.李磊請(qǐng)同桌幫他學(xué)英語(yǔ)。?Theteacheraskedthestudentstoreaditagain.那個(gè)老師讓學(xué)生們又把它讀了一遍。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作，可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：tell，ask，want，like，invite，encourage，help等。但在see，watch，hear，feel，notice等感官動(dòng)詞或let，make，have等使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式一般要省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)＂to＂，可以歸納為以下三種句式：1.不可以省to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/suppose/invite/encourage/teach/dependon等+sb+todosth?Theteachertoldustocomeearliertomorrow.老師告訴我們明天早點(diǎn)來(lái)。?Herparentswishhertobeateacher.她的父母希望她成為一名教師。2.?。o＂的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：（1）Let/make/have+sb+dosth?Lettheboygooutnow.讓那個(gè)男孩現(xiàn)在出去。?Theymadethechildrenplaythepiano6hoursadaylastmonth.上個(gè)月他們讓這些孩子每天彈6個(gè)小時(shí)的鋼琴。學(xué)&科網(wǎng)（2）see/watch/hear/notice/feel+sb+dosth?Iheardthemarguethismorning.今天早上我聽(tīng)到他們吵架了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程）

【注意】①help帶不帶to均可以。?Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework.我經(jīng)常幫助媽媽做家務(wù)。②此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，當(dāng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，必須還原to。?WilliamisoftenseentoplayChinesekungfuinthepark.人們?？吹酵诠珗@練中國(guó)功夫。4.否定形式：（1）動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在to前加上not。?Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.（2）省to的動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在動(dòng)詞前面加not。?Lettheboynotgo.不要讓那個(gè)男孩走。1．Mymotheroftentellsme________atschool.A．notfight B．notfighting C．don’tfight D．nottofight三、作狀語(yǔ)（1）作目的狀語(yǔ)。?Hestoppedtohavearest.他停下來(lái)休息。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的目的時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式可用inorderto或soasto+動(dòng)詞原形，soasto不可用于句首。?Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.公共汽車(chē)停下來(lái)以便接乘客。（2）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。?Hewokeuponlytofindeverybodygone.他醒來(lái)時(shí)才發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的人都走了。?HisgrandmalivedtoseetheliberationofChina.他奶奶活到了中國(guó)解放。?Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他年齡足夠大了，可以去上學(xué)了。（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等的形容詞后作原因狀語(yǔ)。?I’mproudtohavetakenpartinthecompetitions.很榮幸參加了這些競(jìng)賽。?I’mhappytohavefoundmanythingsIcando.很高興找到了很多我能做的事。1．Youneedtochange________livebetter.A．inorderthat B．inorderto C．sothat D．inorder◆動(dòng)詞不定式可以和what，which，how，where，when等特殊疑問(wèn)詞連用。?ThequestionisIdon’tknowwhentostart.問(wèn)題是我不知道什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始。?Youdonotknowwhattodoandhowtodoit.你不知道要去做什么或者怎么做。（二）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一種固定詞組，由動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞等構(gòu)成，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)動(dòng)詞?！魳?gòu)成：常見(jiàn)的形式有：1.動(dòng)詞＋副詞，如：putup2.動(dòng)詞＋介詞，如：lookat3.動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞，如：runoutof4.動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞，如：takecareof◆動(dòng)詞＋副詞（1）常見(jiàn)的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有：cheerup（振奮起來(lái)），cleanup（打掃干凈），setup（建立），putup（搭建，張貼），cutup（切碎），fixup（修理），workout（算出），giveout（分發(fā)），giveaway（贈(zèng)送），thinkover（仔細(xì)思考），turnover（把……翻過(guò)來(lái)），handin（上交）等?！咀⒁狻看祟?lèi)短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)，若名詞作賓語(yǔ)，可以放在副詞前面或后面，但代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須置于副詞之前。例：1．It’sdangerousforpeople________themobilephonewhentheycrossthestreet.A．lookat B．lookingat C．tolookat D．lookedat2．Ihavenopaper.Couldyougivemeapieceofpaper________?A．towritein B．writein C．towriteon D．writeon（2）常見(jiàn)的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞的這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有：getup（起床），startoff（動(dòng)身），comeback（回來(lái)），getdown（下來(lái)），holdon（等一下；別掛斷），lookout（當(dāng)心，小心），getaway（逃離）等。◆動(dòng)詞＋介詞這種結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面必須接賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有：lookfor（尋找），standfor（代表），waitfor（等待），payfor（付費(fèi)），sendfor（派人去請(qǐng)），takeafter（像），hearfrom（收到……的來(lái)信），hearof（聽(tīng)說(shuō)），dependon（依靠）等?！魟?dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞這種短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，介詞后面須跟賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有：addupto（總共是），catchupwith（趕上），lookdownupon（瞧不起），runoutof（耗盡，用光）◆動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞這種短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面需接賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)名詞前可以加形容詞修飾。常見(jiàn)的有：makefunof（取笑），makeuseof（利用），payattentionto（注意），takecareof（照顧）等?！咀⒁狻窟@類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)無(wú)論是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。Heistakingcareofhislittlebrother.他在照顧他弟弟。Weshouldn’tmakefunofothers.我們不應(yīng)該嘲笑他人。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Heinvitedhertohisbirthdayparty,butsherefused________.A．togo B．going C．togoing D．go2．Hewarnsme________intheriver.A．nottoswim B．notswimming C．notswim D．noswim3．Therearesomanykindsofmobilephoneshere.Ican’tdecide________.A．whattobuy B．tobuywhatC．whichtobuy D．tobuywhich4．—I’dliketo________myfoodtomyclassmateswhentheyarehungry.—Youaresokind.A．getup B．eatup C．giveout D．getout5．Thedoctorsdidwhattheycould________thegirlwhocaughtCovid-19.A．tosave B．saving C．save D．saved二、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空6．Mom,whencanIlearn________(paint)?7．Ithinkbookscanmakeabig________(different)tous.8．Therearemanyplacesof__________(interest)wecouldvisitinBeijing.9．Hewasso__________（excite）whenheheardthenews.10．Youcan’timaginehowmany__________（difficult）wemet.三、完形填空ThankyouforallyourhardworklastweekendraisingmoneyforSunnyHouseOldPeople’sHome.Weall____11____agreattimeanditwasnicetoseealotofnewvolunteers!Hereiswhatwe____12____lastweekend.OnSaturday,somevolunteerswenttoSunnyHouseOldPeople’sHome.FionaandTom____13____someoftheoldpeople.David,JohnandAlicemadeteafor____14____.SamplayedthepianoandSallywashedtheladies’hair.Intheevening,weputonacharity____15____fortheoldpeople.Itmadethemvery____16____.GraceplayedtheviolinandNicksangsongs.Someoftheoldpeoplesangalongwiththem.OnSunday,weheldafairontheschoolplayground.Inthemorning,we____17____food,drinks,andsomeotherthingsforthefair.NancyandAnnhelpedoneanothertobuyfruitfortheirstalls.LeoandPiphelpedoneanotherto____18____oldbooks,magazinesandcomicsfortheirstalls.AmyandTomhelpedeachotherdecorate(裝飾)theirstalls.Intheafternoon,NancysoldfruitsaladandAnnsoldfruitjuice.LeoandPipsoldoldbooks,magazinesandcomics.Johandedoutflags.Hegavetheflagstopeople____19____puttheirdonationsintohisbasket.Manystudentsandtheirfamiliescametothefairand______20______money.WehaveraisedalotofmoneyforSunnyHouseOldPeople’sHome.Thankyou!11．A．found B．had C．spent D．took12．A．did B．a(chǎn)te C．saw D．had13．A．fixedup B．madefunof C．playedchesswith D．tookafter14．A．nobody B．oneself C．someone D．everyone15．A．class B．show C．website D．a(chǎn)dvertisement16．A．happy B．similar C．scared D．sleepy17．A．borrowed B．repaired C．organized D．imagined18．A．write B．fill C．buy D．collect19．A．what B．where C．who D．when20．A．donated B．coached C．set D．reported四、閱讀理解TerryFoxwasonlyseventeenwhenhegotcancer(癌癥).Hemusthavefelthopelesswhenthedoctorsaidhisrightlegwouldhavetobecutoff6inches(英寸)abovetheknee.Buttoeveryone’ssurprise,TerryFoxmadeuphismindtobecomealong-distance(長(zhǎng)距離的)runneranddosomethingaboutthecancer.Whatadream!Althoughitseemedimpossible,Terrydecidedtorunacrossthewholecountry.Hehopedtoraiseonemilliondollarsforcancerresearch.Fewpeoplebelievedhewouldmakeit.Anyway,onApril12,1980,TerryFoxbeganhisMarathonofHope.Forthefirstfewdaysofhismarathon,TerryFoxwasalone.Hestartedrunningat4:30am.Daybyday,peoplebegantorealizethatsomethingbigwashappeningonthelonelyroad.AspeoplesawTerry,theystoppedanddonated(捐贈(zèng))moneyforcancerresearch.However,hishealthtookarapidturnfortheworseseveralmonthslater.HehadtogiveuphismarathononSeptember1,1980.Terrydiedthreemonthslater,attheageof22.Inhisshortlife,heraised$24millionforcancerresearch—onedollarforeachpersoninhismotherland.Sincehisdeath,theyearlyTerryFoxRun,firstheldin1981,hasgrowntobetheworld’slargestone—dayfundraiser(募捐活動(dòng))forcancerresearch.21．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mean?A．Thedreamwasverystrange. B．Itwassuchasillydream.C．Thedreamwaseasytoachieve. D．Itwasalmostanimpossibledream.22．Terrygaveuphismarathonin1980because________.A．hefoundittootiring B．nobodysupportedhimC．hewastoosicktocontinue D．heraisedenoughmoney23．WhendidTerryFoxgetcancer?A．In1975. B．In1980. C．In1981. D．In1958.24．HowmuchmoneydidTerryraiseforcancerresearchinhisshortlife?A．$2.4million. B．$24billion. C．$24million. D．$2.4billion.25．Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．TotelluswhenTerryFoxRunwasfirstheld.B．Totellusnottogiveupwhenfaci