研究生英語 瑜伽 Unit5 Reading Focus

ReadingFocus

YOGAINAMERICA

導(dǎo)語

ThetermyogacomesfromaSanskritwordwhichmeansyokeorunion.Traditionally,yogaisamethodjoiningtheindividualselfwiththeDivine,UniversalSpirit,orCosmicConsciousness.Physicalandmentalexercisesaredesignedtohelpachievethisgoal,alsocalledself-transcendenceorenlightenment.Onthephysicallevel,yogapostures,calledasanas,aredesignedtotone,strengthen,andalignthebody.

“瑜伽”這個(gè)詞源于梵語，意思是“結(jié)合”或“聯(lián)合”，傳統(tǒng)上瑜伽是一種把個(gè)人和神，萬物之靈或無窮的意識聯(lián)合在一起的方法。為了幫助達(dá)到這個(gè)也被稱為“自我超越”或“啟蒙”的目的，設(shè)計(jì)了身體上和精神上的鍛煉方法。在身體上，設(shè)計(jì)了各種瑜伽姿勢來使人的身體結(jié)實(shí)、強(qiáng)壯，有協(xié)調(diào)性。

asana['as?n?]

n.瑜伽的任何一種姿勢；瑜伽體位法

align

[?‘la?n]

vt.使成一線，使結(jié)盟；排整齊導(dǎo)語Theseposturesareperformedtomakethespinesuppleandhealthyandtopromotebloodflowtoalltheorgans,glands,andtissues,keepingallthebodilysystemshealthy.Onthementallevel,yogausesbreathingtechniques(pranayama)andmeditation(dyana)toquiet,clarify,anddisciplinethemind.However,expertsarequicktopointoutthatyogaisnotareligion,butawayoflivingwithhealthandpeaceofmindasitsaims.

練習(xí)這些體位能使脊柱變得柔軟健康，血液更通暢地到達(dá)各器官、腺或人體組織，從而使身體各系統(tǒng)更健康。在精神上，瑜伽使用呼吸法和冥想使心境平和、澄凈，精神得到很好的修養(yǎng)。但是專家們很快指出瑜伽不是一種宗教，而是將健康與平和的心境結(jié)合在一起的一種生活方式。

supple[?s?pl]

adj.（身體）柔軟的；靈活的；易彎曲的

tissue[?t??u:]

n.[生]組織

discipline[?d?s?pl?n]

vt.訓(xùn)練；使有條理TheBenefitsofYoga

First,dynamicincrease

tothebrainandglandsofyoga.一、練習(xí)瑜伽，腦部與腺體活力增加的作用。TheBenefitsofYoga

Second,theappearanceandthemoodofyoung:yogareducefacial

wrinkles,producesnatural"facelift"effect

.Thisismainly

attributedto

handstand.二、外觀與心情的年輕：瑜伽減少面部皺紋，產(chǎn)生天然的“拉皮”效果。這主要?dú)w功於倒立。TheBenefitsofYoga

Third,livelonger:yogaaffectalltheconditionsoflongevity

，brain

，glands，spine

andinternalorgans。三、活得更久：瑜伽影響所有長壽的條件：腦部、腺體、脊柱與內(nèi)部器官。TheBenefitsofYoga

Four,diseaseresistance:yogaexercisesastrong

physique,itcanalsoincrease

immune.Thestrengtheningoftheresistancecandealwithsuchascancerfromcoldto

allsortsof

seriousdisease.四、增加疾病抵抗力：瑜伽鍛煉出一副健壯的體格，免疫能力也增加。這個(gè)加強(qiáng)的抵抗力可以對付從感冒到諸如癌癥的各種各樣的嚴(yán)重病癥。1OriginofYogaanditspopularityinUS（Para.1)Para1OriginofYogaandit’spopularityinUS

Yoga

originated

in

ancient

India

and

is

one

of

the

longest

survivingphilosophical

systems

in

the

world.

Some

scholars

have

estimated

that

yoga

is

as

old

as

5,000

years;

artifacts

detailing

yoga

postures

have

beenfound

in

India

from

over

3,000

B.C.

瑜伽起源于古印度，是世界上最古老的哲學(xué)體系之一。一些學(xué)者估計(jì)，瑜伽至少有5,000年的歷史；印度曾出土過3,000年前的表現(xiàn)瑜伽姿勢的手工藝品。

artifact

['ɑ:t??f?kt]

n.

手工藝品

posture[?p?st??(r)]

n.

姿勢，體態(tài)Para1

Yogis

claim

that

it

is

a

highly

developed

science

of

healthy

living

that

has

been

tested

and

perfected

for

all

these

years.

Yoga

was

first

brought

to

America

in

the

late

1800s

when

Swami

Vivekananda,an

Indian

teacher

and

yogi,

presented

a

lecture

on

meditation

in

Chicago.

瑜伽師們認(rèn)為，經(jīng)過幾千年的考驗(yàn)和完善，瑜伽已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一門養(yǎng)生的成熟科學(xué)。19世紀(jì)晚期，印度學(xué)者、瑜伽師斯瓦米·維韋卡南達(dá)在芝加哥做了一場關(guān)于冥想的演講，從此瑜伽傳入了美國。

yogi[?j??gi]

n.

瑜伽師，瑜伽教授者

meditation[?med??te??n]

n.

默念，默想；冥想，打坐Para1

Yoga

slowly

began

gaining

followers,

and

flourished

during

the

1960s

when

there

was

a

surge

of

interest

in

Eastern

philosophy.

There

has

sincebeen

a

vast

exchange

of

yoga

knowledge

inAmerica,with

many

students

going

to

India

to

study

and

many

Indian

experts

coming

here

to

teach,

resulting

in

the

establishment

of

a

wide

variety

of

schools.

慢慢地有人開始練習(xí)瑜伽，并在20世紀(jì)60年代東方哲學(xué)熱盛行的時(shí)候形成了學(xué)習(xí)瑜伽的高潮。從此，瑜伽知識在美國傳播開來，許多學(xué)徒專程前往印度學(xué)習(xí)，很多印度瑜伽師也來到美國教學(xué)，創(chuàng)辦了大量瑜伽學(xué)校。

flourish[?fl?r??]

vi.

揮舞；茂盛，繁榮；活躍，蓬勃Para1

Today,

yoga

is

thriving,

and

it

has

become

easy

to

find

teachers

andpractitioners

throughout

America.

A

recent

Roper

poll,

commissioned

by

Yoga

Journal,

found

that

11

million

Americans

do

yoga

at

least

occasionally"

and

six

million

perform

it

regularly.

今天的美國，瑜伽已十分盛行，瑜伽教練和練習(xí)者隨處可見。最近一項(xiàng)由《瑜伽月刊》委托洛普民調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu)所做的調(diào)查顯示，有1,100萬的美國人至少會偶爾做一次瑜伽，另有600萬的美國人會經(jīng)常做瑜伽。

practitioner[pr?k?t???n?(r)]

n.（某種活動的）從事者，實(shí)踐者Para1

Yoga

stretches

are

used

by

physical

therapists

and

professional

sports

teams,

and

the

benefits

of

yoga

are

being

touted

by

movie

stars

and

Fortune

500

executives.

瑜伽已被廣泛應(yīng)用于身體治療和專業(yè)運(yùn)動隊(duì)的日常訓(xùn)練，做瑜伽的好處也被電影明星和《財(cái)富》雜志世界500強(qiáng)企業(yè)的總裁們爭相吹捧。

tout[ta?t]

v.

贊揚(yáng)，吹捧

Para1Many

prestigious

schools

of

medicine

have

studied

and

introduced

yoga

techniques

as

proven

therapies

for

illness

and

stress.

Some

medical

schools,

like

UCLA,

even

offer

yoga

classes

as

part

of

theirphysician

training

program.

許多醫(yī)學(xué)名校已經(jīng)研究并提出能夠有效緩解疾病和壓力的瑜伽術(shù)了。包括加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校在內(nèi)的一些醫(yī)學(xué)院甚至還為內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生開設(shè)了瑜伽課程。prestigious

[pre?st?d??s]

adj.有聲望的，有威信的Para2Twoschoolsofhathayoga

There

are

several

different

schools

of

hatha

yoga

in

America;

the

two

most

prevalent

ones

are

Iyengar

and

Ashtanga

yoga.

Iyengaryoga

was

founded

by

B.K.S.

Iyengar,

who

is

widely

considered

as

one

of

the

great

living

innovators

of

yoga.

美國有許多不同的哈他(傳統(tǒng))瑜伽學(xué)派，其中影響最大的是艾揚(yáng)格派和阿斯湯加派。艾揚(yáng)格瑜伽的創(chuàng)立者是波·可·斯·艾揚(yáng)格，他是世界上目前仍健在的最偉大的瑜伽改革者之一。

prevalent[?prev?l?nt]

adj.

流行的，普遍的

innovator

['?n?ve?t?(r)]

n.

創(chuàng)新者Para2Iyengar

yoga

puts

strict

emphasis

on

form

and

alignment,

and

uses

traditional

hatha

yoga

techniques

in

new

manners

and

sequences.

Iyengar

yoga

can

be

good

for

physical

therapy

because

it

allows

theuse

of

props

like

straps

and

blocks

to

make

it

easier

for

some

people

to

get

into

the

yoga

postures.

艾揚(yáng)格瑜伽十分注重姿勢的精準(zhǔn)，它采用新的方式和順序練習(xí)傳統(tǒng)瑜伽。艾揚(yáng)格瑜伽有助于身體治療，因?yàn)樗试S練習(xí)者使用瑜伽伸展帶、瑜伽磚等輔助器材來減少做瑜伽動作的難度。Prop[pr?p]n.

支柱；支撐物

Para2Ashtanga

yoga

can

be

a

more

vigorous

routine,

using

aflowing

and

dancelike

sequence

of

hatha

postures

to

generate

body

heat,

which

purifies

the

body

through

sweating

and

deep

breathing.

阿斯湯加瑜伽有著更精準(zhǔn)的要求，練習(xí)者要用舞蹈般流暢的動作來練習(xí)傳統(tǒng)瑜伽，從而使身體發(fā)熱，并通過出汗和深呼吸來凈化自己的身體。

vigorous['vig?r?s]adj.

有力的；精力充沛的，充滿活力的

Hathayoga

Ashtangayoga即阿斯湯加瑜伽。特色是強(qiáng)力連續(xù)的體位法操練，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作與呼吸的配合，以及采用Ujayi呼吸法，每套完全練完要一到二小時(shí)甚至更久。Iyengar艾揚(yáng)格瑜伽是由B.K.S.Iyengar大師創(chuàng)立，以他本人的名字命名的一種獨(dú)具特色的現(xiàn)代瑜伽流派。特點(diǎn)之一是運(yùn)用各種輔助的工具，如瑜伽磚、瑜伽帶、瑜伽毯、瑜伽椅、長椅、沙包和繩索等

哈他瑜伽又名傳統(tǒng)瑜伽，在哈他（Hatha）這個(gè)詞中，“哈”（ha）的意思是太陽，“他”（tha）的意思是月亮。它代表男與女，日與夜，陰與陽，冷與熱，以及其他任何相輔相成的兩個(gè)對立面的平衡。國內(nèi)的哈他瑜伽主要以姿勢和呼吸的練習(xí)為主，以冥想與收束法為輔。

Hathayoga

吉瓦穆克提瑜伽阿斯湯伽瑜伽艾揚(yáng)格瑜伽活力瑜伽流瑜伽陰瑜伽比克拉姆熱瑜伽維尼瑜伽阿南達(dá)瑜伽阿奴撒拉瑜伽整合瑜伽悉瓦南達(dá)瑜伽昆達(dá)利尼瑜伽克利帕魯瑜伽Para3Yoga

routines

can

take

anywhere

from

20

minutes

to

two

or

more

hours,

with

one

hour

being

a

good

time

investment

to

perform

a

sequence

of

postures

and

a

meditation.

Some

yoga

routines,depending

on

the

teach-er

and

school,

can

be

as

strenuous

as

the

most

difficult

workout,

and

some

routines

merely

stretch

and

align

the

body

while

the

breath

and

heart

rate

are

kept

slow

and

steady.

align

[?‘la?n]vt.使……排成一線

做瑜伽沒有場地的限制，一套瑜伽動作通常需要20分鐘到兩個(gè)小時(shí)或者更多的時(shí)間，而一個(gè)小時(shí)左右的時(shí)間則是一系列動作和冥想的最佳選擇。根據(jù)瑜伽師和學(xué)派的不同，一些瑜伽動作做起來辛苦異常，而另一些卻只是在呼吸和心跳平穩(wěn)的情況下調(diào)整和伸展肢體。Para3Yoga

achieves

its

best

results

when

it

is

practiced

as

a

daily

discipline,and

yoga

can

be

a

life-long

exercise

routine,

offering

deeper

and

morechallenging

positions

as

a

practitioner

becomes

more

adept.The

basic

positions

can

increase

a

person's

strength,

flexibility

and

sense

of

well-being

almost

immediately.

but

it

can

take

years

to

perfect

anddeepen

them,

which

is

an

appealing

and

stimulating

aspect

of

yogafor

many.

adept[?‘d?pt]n.內(nèi)行；能手adj.熟練的；擅長…的每天練習(xí)瑜伽會達(dá)到最好的效果，隨著動作越來越熟練，你就可以加大強(qiáng)度和難度，這樣瑜伽就能成為你相伴終生的日常鍛煉方式了。練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)的瑜伽動作即可收到增強(qiáng)力量，改善柔韌性并使人感到舒適的效果，但要想達(dá)到完美和高深的境界還是需要日積月累的練習(xí)，這也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。Para4

Yoga

is

usually

best

learned

from

a

yoga

teacher

or

physical

therapist,

but

yoga

is

simple

enough

that

one

can

learn

the

basics

from

good

books

on

the

subject,

which

are

plentiful.

Yoga

classes

are

generally

in-expensive,

averaging

around

10

dollars

per

class,

and

students

can

learn

basic

postures

in

just

a

few

classes.

Many

YMCAs,

colleges,

and

community

health

organizations

offer

beginning

yoga

classes

as

well,

often

for

nominal

fees.

If

yoga

is

part

of

a

physical

therapy

program,

it

can

be

reimbursed

by

insurance.

1.YMCA：referstotheYoungMen’sAssociation(基督教青年會).YMCAwasfoundedonJune6,1844inLondon,EnglandbyGeorgeWilliams.2.nominal[‘n?m?n(?)l]極小的，微不足道的，象征性的3.reimburse[,ri??m‘b??s]

vt.償還,賠償Para4能向瑜伽教練或身體治療師學(xué)習(xí)瑜伽是最好不過了，但因?yàn)殍べと腴T并不難，所以也可以從大量的介紹瑜伽的正規(guī)書籍中自學(xué)它的基本動作。瑜伽課的學(xué)費(fèi)一般不貴，平均一堂課10美元，學(xué)員們在幾節(jié)課內(nèi)就能學(xué)會基礎(chǔ)的瑜伽動作。許多地方的基督教青年會、大學(xué)和社區(qū)健康協(xié)會都開辦有瑜伽入門學(xué)習(xí)班，而且通常只象征性地收取一點(diǎn)兒費(fèi)用。如果是作為身體治療項(xiàng)目的一部分，瑜伽費(fèi)用還能算在醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的范圍之內(nèi)。Para5

Yogacanalsoprovidethesamebenefitsasanywell-designedexerciseprogram,increasinggeneralhealthandstamina,reducingstress,andimprovingthoseconditionsbroughtaboutbysedentarylifestyles.Yogahastheaddedadvantageofbeingalow-impactactivitythatusesonlygravityasresistance,whichmakesitanexcellentphysicaltherapyroutine;certainyogaposturescanbesafelyusedtostrengthenandbalanceallpartsofthebody.1.stamina[‘st?m?n?]n.持久力，耐力，毅力2.sedentary['sed(?)nt(?)r?]adj.久坐的；坐慣的；定棲的；靜坐的瑜伽還能帶來和精心設(shè)計(jì)的練習(xí)一樣的效果，使人增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)、煥發(fā)活力，并幫助人們舒緩壓力和久坐帶來的疲勞。瑜伽的另一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是，除了地心引力外，它不需承擔(dān)額外的阻力，這使它成為身體治療方法的不二之選；特定的瑜伽動作能安全有效地增強(qiáng)人的力量，提高身體的平衡度。para6Meditation1.Meditation

has

been

much

studied

and

approved

for

its

benefits

in

reducing

stresses-related

conditions.

2.The

landmark

book,

The

Relaxation

Response,

by

Harvard

cardiologist

Herbert

Benson,

showed

that

meditation

and

breathing

techniques

for

relaxation

could

have

the

opposite

effect

of

stress,

reducing

blood

pressure

and

other

indicators.研究表明，冥想能幫助人們緩解壓力。哈佛心臟醫(yī)學(xué)家赫伯特·班森在他劃時(shí)代的著作《放松反應(yīng)》里說道，冥想和呼吸技巧能使身體放松，達(dá)到與壓力相反的效果，并使血壓等一系列指標(biāo)回落。3.Since

then,

much

research

has

reiterated

the

benefits

of

meditation

for

stress

reduction

and

general

health.

Currently,

the

American

Medical

Association

recommends

meditation

techniques

as

a

first

step

before

medication

for

borderline

hypertension

cases.

從那以后，越來越多的研究都重申了冥想對減壓和身體健康的積極影響?，F(xiàn)在，美國醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會已推薦把冥想療法替代藥物治療用于治療疑似高血壓的第一步了。cardiologist[?kɑ:di??l?d??st]心臟病專家hyp