Beer game 實驗-啤酒試驗

PAGEPAGE2實驗2：啤酒游戲Beergame一、IntroductionTheBeerGameisaroleplayinggame.Thecomputerizedversionallowsindividualstoplaythegame,withthecomputertakinguptherolesofotherplayersinthesupplychain.TheBeerGameisagooddemonstrationofthechaos,confusionandstructuralproblemsinsupplychains.Theresultisintendedtodemonstratethebenefitsofintegratedsupplychainmanagementandthesharingofinformationacrossthevarioussupplychainmembers.二、實驗的目的與要求要求熟悉模擬軟件的操作，理解實驗中相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的含義，能夠利用模擬工具完成設(shè)定的模擬內(nèi)容，理解模擬中出現(xiàn)的供應(yīng)鏈管理手段。能夠模擬供應(yīng)鏈上制造商、批發(fā)商、零售商等不同節(jié)點企業(yè)的訂貨需求變化。認(rèn)識供應(yīng)鏈中需求異常放大現(xiàn)象（即“牛鞭效應(yīng)”）的形成過程。分析“牛鞭效應(yīng)”的產(chǎn)生原因。找出減少“牛鞭效應(yīng)”的方法。二、實驗原理假設(shè)我們的供應(yīng)鏈由4個環(huán)節(jié)構(gòu)成－－生產(chǎn)廠商、經(jīng)銷商、批發(fā)商和零售商，且每個環(huán)節(jié)只有單一的下游客戶（這是為了實驗驗方便)，相鄰環(huán)節(jié)之間存在物流（啤酒）和信息流（訂單），上游環(huán)節(jié)根據(jù)下游相鄰環(huán)節(jié)發(fā)來的訂單安排生產(chǎn)或訂貨。整個供應(yīng)鏈如圖2所示。表示物流；表示信息流圖2供應(yīng)鏈結(jié)構(gòu)圖游戲的目標(biāo)是各扮演的角色制定各自的訂貨策略，使得自己所在的階段上總的持有和缺貨成本降到最低。TheBeerGamescenario:Eachfacilityhasunlimitedstoragecapacity.Themanufacturer(factory)hasunlimitedrawmaterials.Thereisafixedsupplyleadtimebetweeneachcomponent.Eachweek,eachfacility(component)triestomeettheordercomingfromthedownstream.Noordersarelostandifanordercannotbemetwithavailableinventoryatthefacility,abackorderisrecorded,whicheventuallymustbemet.Eachfirmownstheinventoryatthefacilityandthoseintransittoinventory.Thereisaninventoryholdingcostof$.50/itemperweekanditemsbackorderedcost$1.00/itemperweek.Options.Thereareseveraloptionsavailabletoyouwhichwoulddeterminetheoutcomeofthegame.Themaingameoptions:thedefaultoptionwithlongleadtime(twoperiod)anddecentralizedcontroltheshortleadtimeoptionthecentralizedoptiontheglobalinformationoptionDeterministicDemandRandomDemand三、實驗儀器實驗用的《啤酒游戲》（BEERGAME）軟件一套；每位學(xué)生一臺電腦。四、實驗內(nèi)容與步驟1．給每個同學(xué)分配角色2．閱讀游戲說明。3.開始游戲模擬，完成ProjectⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,每個Project運行時間30周。輸出系統(tǒng)總結(jié)報告及訂貨需求變化曲線圖。ProjectⅠ:選擇“Defaultsetting”,①Selectingtheplayeroptiontoretailer(Wholesaler,Distributer,orManufacturer)andcommencethegame.Asyouknow,thecomputerwillplayotherroles.Youwillplayforatotalof30weeksandyourgoalwillbetominimizeyourtotalcost.②Puttinganordertoyoursuppliereveryweek.Whenmakingouttheorderyoushouldconsiderthefollowing:yourcurrentinventoryhowmuchwillarriveinoneweek(delayone)howmuchwillarriveintwoweeks(delaytwo)thesizeofyourmostrecentorder(recentorderbox)thedemandyouarecurrentlyfacing(orderentrydialog)previousdemandbacklog(orderentrydialog)theamountyoumostrecentlysupplied(orderentrydialog)theamountyouorderedfromyourupstreamsupplierinthetwoweekspriorwhichhasnotyetbeenshipped(yourupstreamsupplier'sbackorderbox)anyhistoricalinformationyouhaverecorded.③Makingoutaspreadsheetwithfollowingheaderstokeeptrackofeventsasthegameproceeds.Thiswillallowyoutotakeeffectivedecisionsregardinginventory.Informationmanagementtableweekdemandinventoryinhandinventoryintransitbackloggeddemandinventorynotyetshippedrecentorderrecentlysupplied1

Project2:選擇“GlobalIn