園藝英語(yǔ)：Plant Propagation完整版

PlantPropagationMethodsofplantpropagationasrelatedtohorticulturalplantproduction

PropagationThemultiplicationofakindorspecies.Reproductionofaspecies.Twokinds：SexualPropagationAsexualPropagationSexualPropagationPropagationfromseeds.Pollenistransferredfromtheanthertothestigma.Fertilizationoccursandseedsareproduced.Color,WeightandSizeVariationsinSeedsAssortedbeanswheatgrainfenugreekblackmustardhempgreenlentilsdriedpeasgreensplitpeassoyabeanswheatgermoatsGoldenflaxPintobeanscorianderVarietyofpulsesShapeVariationsinSeedsPartsoftheSeedPartsoftheSeedSeedsaremadeupof3mainparts….SeedCoat.Endosperm.EmbryonicPlant.PlantingSeedsPlantingdepthdependsonthesizeoftheseeds.Thelargertheseed,thedeeperitisplanted.Example:Petuniaseedsareplantedshallowerthanbeans,tomatoes,ormarigoldsbecausetheyarethesmallest.Smallseedsshouldbewateredbybottomsoaking.PlantingSeedsSeedsaredirectlyseededwhentheyareplantedinthesoilwheretheywillgrowtoasaleablesize.Germinationflatsareusediftheyaretobetransplantedatalatertime.Whenreusinggerminationflats,besuretosterilizetheflatsandsoil.GerminationGerminationrateisthe%thatsprout.Example:75outof100=75%Ratesaffectedby….Seedviability.Temperature.Moisture.Typeofplant.Qualityofseed.SeedstoSeedlingsTransplantingSeedlingsSeedlingsarethesmallplants.TransplantwhenfirsttrueleavesappearHeldbythetrueleavesratherthanthestemstopreventstembruisingwhichwillkilltheplant.Seedlings(smallplants)TransplantwhenfirsttrueleavesappearReducehumidityandwaterandmakeenvironmentmorelikeoutsideto“hardenoff”plantsAdvantagesofSexualReproductionFastwaytogetmanyplantsEasytodoEconomicalDisadvantagesofSexualReproductionSomeplants,especiallyhybrids,donotreproducetruetoparentsSomeplantsaredifficulttopropagatefromseedsAsexualReproductionUsesgrowingplantpartsotherthanseedsTypesofasexualreproduction:cuttings插枝layering壓條divisionorseparationBuddinggraftingtissuecultureRootingfromCuttingsRootingmediashouldbeabout4inchesdeepBesttimeofdayisearlymorningsbecauseplantshavemoremoistureRootingfromCuttingsThethreemaintypesofcuttingsare….StemLeafRootStemCuttingsThetakingofapieceofstemtoreproduceplants.Usearootinghormonewithfungicideto….Speeduprootdevelopment.Preventrootrot.StemCuttings-Step1GatherallmaterialsneededStemCuttings-Step2Cut3to4inchshootfromstemtipStemCuttings-Step3RemovelowerleavesfromtheshootStemCuttings-Step4DipcutsurfaceinrootinghormoneStemCuttings-Step5ThoroughlymoistenrootingmediumStemCuttings-Step6StickoneormorecuttingsinrootingmediaStemCuttings-Step7Coverwithplasticwraporplaceonamistbenchinawarmareaawayfromdirectsunlight.StemCuttings-Step8Oncerooted,cuttingscanbeseparatedcarefullyandtransplantedLeafcuttingsTheuseofleavesandsectionsofleavestoreproduceplants.DonefromherbaceousplantsVeinsmustbecutLeafcuttingsarebesttakenearlyinthegrowingseasonfromspringtoearlysummer,thoughsomecanbepropagatedanytimeofyear.Part-leafcuttingsStreptocarpus:

Selectafull-grownleafandcutinhalfalongthemidrib,whichshouldbediscarded.Usingaseedtraymakeashallowtrenchandinserttheleaf,cutsidedownandfirmin.捩莢草Part-leafcuttingsSansevieria,Eucomis:Cutleaveshorizontallyinto5cm(2in)piecesandinsertloweredgedown.Makesuretokeepthecuttingsfacingthedirectionthatitwasgrowingontheplant,alternativelycutintoshallowchevrons.Insertthecuttingsverticallyabout2cm(3/4in)deep.虎尾蘭Eucomisvandermerwei鳳梨百合Part-leafcuttingsBegonia,Sinningia:Cutacrossthemainveinsontheunderside.Pintheleaf,cutsidedownontothecompost.Alternatively,cuttheleafintosquares2.5cm(1in)acrosseachwithamainvein.Pinthesquarestothesurfaceofthecompost.Begonia

秋海棠Sinningiaspeciosa大巖桐Whole-leafcuttingsSinningiaincarnata巖桐Saintpaulia非洲堇(Africanviolet)Peperomiaargyreia(WatermelonPeperomia)西瓜皮椒草Echeveriaelegans景天科擬石蓮花屬(月影)Crassulacapitella茜之塔Kalanchoeblossfeldiana萬(wàn)紫千紅AftercareWaterandallowtodrain.Placeinapropagatororaclearplasticbaginalightplaceoutofdirectsunlight.Leafcuttingsfromtropicalplantsmustbekeptinhighhumidityatabout20°C(68°F).Whenplantletsform,removecoversandallowthemtogrowonuntillargeenoughtopotupindividually.RootCuttingsTheuseofrootstoreproduceplants.Shouldbespaced3inchesapartintherootingarea.Step1

CarefullyUncoverTheRootsThebesttimetotakerootcuttingsiswhentheplantsaredormantwhichisusuallybetweenNovemberandFebruary.Atthistime,thereisalargeamountofstoredenergyintheroots,andthereislessstressontheparentplantbecausetheyarenotactivelygrowingandinasmuchneedoftheirrootsystem.Step2

TakeYourRootCuttingsForbothwoodyplantsandperennialplants,don'ttakemorethanone-thirdoftherootsoff.Thiswayyouwillleaveenoughrootsfortheparentplanttorecover.Step3

PlantYourRootCuttingsUseadeeppot,raisedplanterbed,orjustinthesoilsomewheretoplantyourrootcuttings-aslongastheyareinafrost-freearea.Beforeyouplantthem,putalittlebitofsandinthebottomoftheholeanddustthebottomofeachcuttingwithpowderedsulfurtocontrolfungi.Thishelpskeepstherootsfromrotting.Plantinmoistpottingsoilafewinchesapart,andmakesurethatthetopsofthecuttingsareabout1inch(2.5cm)belowthesoilsurface.Coverwith1/4to1/2inch(cm)ofcoarsesandorsmallgravel.Wateronlywhensoilbecomesdryandtrynottokeepthesoiltoowetbecausetherootscanrot.Plant1inch(2.5cm)

BelowSoilSurface

DipBottomEndsInSulfurCoverWithCoarseSand

orSmallGravelStep4

WhenShootsAppear,PlantThemOutInthreetofourweeksyourcuttingsshouldbeformingroots,andsomeevenmaystarttopushnewgrowth.Whennewshootsappear,givethemsomeliquidfertilizerathalfstrength.Oncetheplantsareestablished,theycanbetransplantedtoindividualpotsormovedintothegarden.Whenplantingoutthecuttings,makesurethetopsofthecuttings(thestraightcutends)areabout2inches(5cm)belowthesoilsurface.Keepinmind,perennialrootcuttingscanstartpushingnewgrowthfairlyquickly,soyoumightneedtoprotectthemfromanyfreezingweahter.Examples:raspberry懸鉤子blackberry黑莓trumpetvine

(Campsis)厚萼凌霄rosePhloxPaniculata天藍(lán)繡球、草夾竹桃Crabapple沙果Lilac紫丁香Sumac漆樹(shù)figLayeringTherootingofplantpartswhiletheyarestillattachedtothe“parent”plant.Thetypesare….AirLayering.TrenchLayering.MoundLayering.AirlayeringInairlayering(ormarcotting),thetargetregioniswoundedandthensurroundedinamoisture-retainingwrappersuchassphagnummoss,whichisfurthersurroundedinamoisturebarriersuchaspolyethylenefilm.Rootinghormoneisoftenappliedtoencouragethewoundedregiontogrowroots.Whensufficientrootshavegrownfromthewound,thestemfromtheparentplantisremovedandplanted.Ittakesaboutthreemonthsforthenewplanttobecomemature.TrenchLayeringMotherplantisbenttothegroundandburied.Plantsformateachnodeoncoveredstem.MoundLayeringRootedplantiscutoffatthesoillevel.Astheseasonprogresses,soilisaddedtocoverthegrowingshoots.After1year,theshootsarerootedandremovedfromtheparentplant.DivisionorSeparationCuttingorpullingapartplantstructuresforreproductionbulbscormsrhizomestubersstolons/runnerssuckersBulbsAbulbisashortstemwithfleshyleavesorleafbases.Theleavesoftenfunctionasfoodstorageorgansduringdormancy.Corms

Crocosmiacormanatomy,showingtunic,cortexofstoragetissue,centralmedulla,andemergenceofanewcormfromabudnearthetopAcorm(bulbotuber)isashort,vertical,swollenundergroundplantstemthatservesasastorageorganusedbysomeplantstosurvivewinterorotheradverseconditionssuchassummerdroughtandheat(estivation).ComparisonofthecormandthebulbCormsareoftensimilarinappearancetobulbsexternally,andthuserroneouslycalledbulbs.Cormsarestemsthatareinternallystructuredwithsolidtissues,whichdistinguishesthemfrombulbs,whicharemostlymadeupoflayeredfleshyscalesthataremodifiedleaves.Asaresult,whenacormiscutinhalfitissolid,butwhenatruebulbiscutinhalfitismadeupoflayers.Cormsarestructurallyplantstems,withnodesandinternodeswithbudsandproduceadventitiousroots.Onthetopofthecorm,oneorafewbudsgrowintoshootsthatproducenormalleavesandflowers.RhizomesInbotanyanddendrology,arhizomeisamodified

subterraneanstemofaplantthatisusuallyfoundunderground,oftensendingoutrootsandshootsfromitsnodes.gingerTubersTubersarevarioustypesofmodifiedplantstructuresthatareenlargedtostorenutrients.Theyareusedbyplantstosurvivethewinterordrymonths,toprovideenergyandnutrientsforregrowthduringthenextgrowingseason,andasameansofasexualreproduction.Stemtubers,whicharethedevelopmentofenlargedstolonsthickenedintoastorageorgan.Roottubers,atuberousrootisamodifiedlateralroot,enlargedtofunctionasastorageorgan.ChineseyamSweetpotatoPotatoStolons/RunnersInbotany,stolonsarestemswhichgrowatthesoilsurfaceorjustbelowgroundthatformadventitiousrootsatthenodes,andnewplantsfromthebuds.StolonsareoftencalledrunnersFiciniaspiralis金砂莎草'Lipstick'hybridstrawberryPoplarsuckersemergingalongaroot(mothertreeisnotvisible)SuckersAsucker,basalshoot,root