非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)分析

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)分析一．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本特征：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)名詞，不定式，分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）三種，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)有：1.保留動(dòng)詞的特性，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；典型例題:Don'tforget_______thewindowbeforeleavingtheroom.答案(B)A.tohaveclosedB.tocloseC.havingclosedD.closing2.有時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)意義的變化；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)意義語(yǔ)態(tài)意義不定式將來(lái)主動(dòng)todo被動(dòng)tobedone-ing分詞進(jìn)行主動(dòng)doing被動(dòng)beingdone-ed分詞完成被動(dòng)Abridgebeingbuiltnow進(jìn)行被動(dòng)---正在修建的橋Abridgetobebuiltnextyear將來(lái)被動(dòng)----明年修建的橋Abridgebuilttwoyearsago完成被動(dòng)----兩年前修建的橋典型例題:I'dlove________toyourpartylastFridayifnotbecauseofunexpectedguests.答案(D)A.togoB.goingC.havinggoneD.tohavegone典型例題:Theywilldosomethingtomakesurethatpeoplewillnotworryabouthavingtheircars_______again.答案(D)A.stealB.tostealC.stealingD.stolen3.還有非動(dòng)詞的特征，相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞；Seeingisbelieving.百聞不如一見(jiàn)。典型例題:_______tiredafteraday'swork,shefellintobedandwentstraighttosleep.答案(B)A.FeltB.FeelingC.BeingfeltD.Tofeel4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式均在前面加not。Nothavingbeentherebefore,hegotlostsoon.典型例題:Aliceregretted_____toJohn'sbirthdaypartylastSunday.答案(A)A.notgoingB.nottogoC.nothavingbeengoingD.nottobegoing典型例題:Sheapologizedfor__________toattendthebirthdayparty.答案(B)A.herbeingnotableB.hernotbeingableC.hernottobeableD.hertobenotable5.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置問(wèn)題：不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，（2）動(dòng)名詞作前置定語(yǔ)，（3）一般情況下單個(gè)分詞作前置定語(yǔ)，分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。例如： Ihaveanimportantmeetingtoattend. Thisisasleepingcar. Ourcountryisadevelopingcountry. Thecarranalongtheroadcoveredwithsnow.二．關(guān)于不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1.時(shí)態(tài)\語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing1)現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。Heseemstoknowthis.Ihopetoseeyouagain.=IhopethatI'llseeyouagain.我希望再見(jiàn)到你。2)完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。I'msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.3)進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Heseemstobeeatingsomething.4)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.2.動(dòng)詞不定式考點(diǎn)1)作主語(yǔ)：不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將作主語(yǔ)的不定式放在句子后部。例如：Itisgoodtohelpothers.幫助他人是件好事。ItisexcitingtosurftheInternet.上網(wǎng)是件令人興奮的事。典型例題:Itisnoteasy_______theanswertothisproblem.答案(A)A.tofigureoutB.figuringoutC.figureoutD.beingfiguredout典型例題:Itseemsverydifficult_______.答案(C)A.tostopthechildtocryB.restrainingthechildtocryC.tokeepthechildfromcryingD.holdingthechild'scrying2)作賓語(yǔ)：典型例題:Idon'tknow_______todealwithsuchmatter.答案(B)A.whatB.howC.whichD./典型例題:I'veworkedwithforeignexpertsbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.答案(B)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3)作定語(yǔ)：典型例題:I'mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything________?答案(B)A.tobebuyingB.tobuyC.forbuyingD.bought4)作狀語(yǔ)：典型例題:Helenhadtoshout_______abovethesoundofthemusic.答案(D)A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard典型例題:Sendhimtothebaker's______thebread.答案(A)A.tobuyB.inorderhebuy C.fortobuy D.forbuying5)作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：典型例題:Jimmywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_________.答案(A)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto典型例題:Noneofthemtellsus________,soweneedyourhelp.答案(C)A.howshouldwedoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit典型例題:Alexissaid________abroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.答案(A)A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying6)是否保留不定式符號(hào)"to"以及特殊語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式形式：(1)在make;let;have;see;hear;watch;notice;feel等使役動(dòng)詞和感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞后面的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，不定式都不帶to，但用在被動(dòng)式中不定式前面都要加to。例如：Theymadehimstandstill.=Hewasmadetostandstill.之就用過(guò)去分詞。(Being)usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書(shū)看上去很舊。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的過(guò)程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書(shū)很有用。五．With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)表伴隨時(shí)，既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即：with+名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ)舉例:Hestoodthere,hishandraised.=Hestoodthere,withhishandraise.典型例題1)Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied答案D.with+名詞（代詞）+分詞+介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時(shí)，其主語(yǔ)常常用with來(lái)引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過(guò)去分詞，選D.2)Weather___,we'llgooutforawalk.ApermittedBpermittingCpermitsDforpermitting答案B.本題中沒(méi)有連詞，它不是復(fù)合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗號(hào)，且we小寫(xiě)，可知其不是兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨(dú)立主格或with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。據(jù)此判斷，本句中使用的是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：名詞+分詞。由于permit在這里翻譯為'天氣允許'，表主動(dòng)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選B。如果不會(huì)判斷獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)的形式，不妨將句子改為條件句，例如本句改為Ifweatherpermits,we'llgooutforawalk.然后將if去掉，再將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞即可。跟蹤練習(xí)：1.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif_______whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.答案(D)A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee2.Therearetenwaiting-roomsatthestation,________inall5,000people.答案(D)A.satB.sittingC.seatedD.seating3.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspentupto25hoursaweek________TV.答案(C)A.towatchB.towatchingC.watchingD.watch4.IcertainlytriedtoexplainhisideasbutIamstillataloss_________hispoints.答案(D)A.andsee B.forseeingC.tosee D.seeing5.While______yourimagination,youshouldbealoneandcompletelyundisturbed.答案(A)A.exercising B.exercisesC.toexerciseD.exercised6.Doyoufeellike_______today?答案(B)A.havingsomethingspecialeatenB.havingsomethingspecialtoeatC.tohavesomethingspecialeatenD.tohavesomethingspecialtoeat7.________bythelookonhisface,hedidn'tcatchwhatIreallymeant.答案(B)A.JudgingB.JudgedC.JudgeD.Tojudge8.Theretiredmanisusedto_____histwodogsearlyinthemorning.答案(B)A.exerciseB.exercisingC.exercisedD.exercises9.Wewelcomeourteachers______atthegateofourschool.答案(A)A.withflowersinourhands B.carryflowersinourhandsC.flowersinourhands D.wecarryflowersinourhands10.Theparents,_____poor,couldnotbuyapresentfortheironlychild.答案(C)A.areB.wereC.beingD.been11.Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteused________lateforhislecture.答案(B)A.tohavestudentsB.tostudents'being C.forstudentstobe D.forstudentsbeing12.Wewatchedtheplane_________behindtheclouds.答案(D)A.isdisappearingB.disappearedC.beingdisappearedD.disappearing13.Everyorganismproduceswasteproductsnolongerusefultoitselfandwhich___toaccumulatewouldinfactbeharmful.答案(D)A.iftheyallowedB.ifwereallowedC.ifwasallowsD.ifallowed14.Thespeakerfoundithardtomakehimself________.答案(D)A.tounderstandB.understandingC.tobeunderstoodD.understood15.Weleftthemeeting,thereobviously________nopointinstaying.答案(B)A.wereB.beingC.tobeD.having16.__fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.答案(C)A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered17.Hemissed________thelecturegivenbyTom.答案(B)A.tohaveattendedB.attending C.toattend D.attendance18.Everynewthoughtorideahasto________whenwealreadyknow.答案(C)A.beconnectwithB.beconnectedC.beconnectedtoD.beconnectingto19.Wouldyoumind______earliernexttime?答案(C)A.tocomeB.havecomeC.comingD.wouldcome20.______,Newtonwasthinkingandthinking.答案(D)A.HeliedundertheappletreeB.LayingundertheappletreeC.HelaidundertheappletreeD.Lyingundertheappletree21.Doyouknow________inEnglish?答案(B)A.howsayitB.howtosayitC.howsayingitD.howtosayingit22.______,theyimmediatelyleftthehouse.答案(B)A.BeingheardthenoiseB.HearingthenoiseC.TheyheardthenoiseD.Theywerehearingthenoise23.SamuelClemens,______asMarkTwain,wasoneofthemostfamousAmericanwriters.答案(C)A.toknowB.tobeknownC.knownD.knowing24._______hisletter,acampaignagainst"whitepollution"hasbeenundertakeninhishometown.答案(C)A.JudgebyB.JudgesfromC.JudgingfromD.Judgefrom25.________theirworkswillgiveusamuchbetterfeelforth